Associations of polymorphisms of some genes with excessive weight in a population sample of young citizens of Novosibirsk

Aim of the study was to investigate the associations of polymorphisms of some genes with overweight and some anthropometric and biochemical indicators in a population sample of the young population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods. The study was carried out on a sample of young people aged 25–35 years, residents of Novosibirsk, selected by the method of random numbers (n = 319). During the survey, a questionnaire was filled out, anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, followed by biochemical and molecular genetic studies were carried out. Results. The odds ratio (OR) to detect a carrier of the AA rs9939609 genotype of the FTO gene in the group with an increased body mass index (BMI) compared to the group with a normal BMI is 2.1 times higher (95% confidence interval (95 % CI) 1.2– 3.8; p = 0.019 in the AA vs AT+TT model). In the Kruskal – Wallis test in the general group, differences were found in carriers of different rs9939609 genotypes of the FTO gene in the thickness of the skin fold in the middle third of the right shoulder (p = 0.0008) and under the right shoulder blade (p = 0.026). In carriers of the AA genotype, these indicators were noticeably higher compared to carriers of the AT and TT genotypes. Differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in women (p = 0.032; the lowest level in the AA genotype) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.027; the highest value in the AA genotype). In addition, female carriers of the TT rs7903146 genotype of the TCF7L2 gene had lower diastolic blood pressure than carriers of the CT and CC genotypes (p = 0.027). The probability of detecting a male carrier of the CT or TT genotypes of the TCF7L2 gene polymorphism rs7903146 in the obese group is 0.313 (95 % CI 0.102–0.955; p = 0.036 in the CC vs CT+TT model) compared with the group with excess BMI (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 ). The probability of detecting the allele with rs10811661 of the CDKN2AB gene in the obese group is 2.2 times higher (95 % CI 1.1–4.5; p = 0.035) compared with the group with an excess BMI. Conclusion. The association of overweight in the population sample of the young population of Novosibirsk was confirmed with rs9939609 of the FTO gene, rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene, rs10811661 of the CDKN2AB gene. The association of rs2237892 of the KCNQ1 gene and rs1111875 of the HHEX gene with overweight was not found. Associations of the studied SNPs with some anthropometric and biochemical indicators were found.

Immediate results of surgical treatment of high and intermediate risk pulmonary embolism in elderly and senile patients

The aim of the study: is to analyze the immediate results of surgical treatment of high-and intermediate-risk PE in a group of elderly and senile patients. Material and methods. The study included 43 patients operated on for high-and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism between 2008 and 2019. In the general group of patients, the number of women prevailed and amounted to 67.4%. The average age was 65.4 ± 4.23 years old. The Miller index in the general group was 29.1 ± 1.42. The Geneva Index was 8.4 ± 1.12. The average pressure in the pulmonary artery at the time of operation was 54 ± 1.4 mm Hg, and the peak pressure was 68 ± 3.43 mm Hg. Results. 5 patients died at the hospital stage. Thus, the hospital survival rate of patients was 88.4%. Among nonlethal complications, cardiovascular and respiratory failure prevailed. According to the statement, the calculated pressure gradient in the pulmonary artery was 29.0 ± 3.1 mm Hg. Conclusion. Surgical treatment is a highly eff ective and reliable method of treatment in the group of older patients.

Sustainable Building Plan-Design, Construction, Performance, and Renovation Criteria

Published data or available literature on sustainable building plan-design, construction, performance, and renovation criteria have covered some stages or some parts of each stage. These data usually have been published partially in many different papers―there have not been any papers that published these data together. Hence, this paper aims to collectively review these data and publish them together. The collection and review of these data were carried out by our twenty-five team members who specialized in sustainable urban, architectural, and civil engineering and construction management. The gathered and reviewed outputs were combined and validated based on a general group consensus. This consensus decision-making proceeded through two major group meetings with several follow-up meetings. The first major meeting was to combine and improve the gathered reviewed sustainable building criteria for Cambodia. The second major meeting was to validate the improved reviewed sustainable building criteria for Cambodia. The several follow-up meetings were to discuss the relevance and importance of the validated data &ldquo;criteria and their classifications and descriptions&rdquo; in all stages and more focused on their importance and applicability to Cambodia. The collective reviewed data in this paper would be useful to researchers in the fields. They could also be useful collective knowledge and information for policymakers from governmental agencies and development partners, particularly for sustainable building and construction companies.

Enteric viral hepatitis in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Southern Vietnam)

Aim: To study the hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis Е (HEV) prevalence in the Southern region of Vietnam based on the frequency analysis of the antibodies to hepatitis A and E viruses detection in the local population and groups at increased risk of infection.Materials and methods. Serological markers of enteral viral hepatitis were determined in blood serum samples from adults aged 18 to 65 years of three groups: conditionally healthy individuals (n = 397), HIV-infected (n = 316), and patients with chronic viral hepatitis (n = 268). The ELISA method was used for the qualitative detection of anti-HAV IgG, anti-HAV IgM, anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM.Results. When analyzing the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in samples obtained from conditionally healthy, HIV-infected, and patients with chronic viral hepatitis, no differences were found between the groups. The incidence of anti-HAV IgG in the general group (n = 981) was 80.1%, in the absence of anti-HAV IgM. There were no gender-age differences in the frequency of anti-HAV IgG in the examined groups. Antibodies anti-HEV IgG in the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected were present in the samples in 36,2%, 33,2%, and 39,8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgM in these groups was 3,27%, 4,1%, and 3,79%, respectively. In the general group (n = 981), anti-HEV IgG was detected in 36,6% of cases, anti-HEV IgM in 3,66%, which corresponds to the prevalence of antibodies to HEV in endemic regions.Conclusion. A high incidence of enteral viral hepatitis markers was shown in residents of South Vietnam, including the groups of conditionally healthy, patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and HIV-infected. There is an obvious need for further studies of the spread extent of hepatitis A and hepatitis E in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam using currently available highly sensitive diagnostic methods, including sequencing of the virus›s nucleotide sequences.

Corneal graft survival analysis after penetrating keratoplasty in a retrospective cohort study

Purpose. To assess the results of penetrating keratoplasty and identify the risk factors for the graft disease (GD) development. Material and methods. Data of 582 patients after corneal transplantation performed in the period since 2011 to 2019 for keratoconus (41%), as well for corneal leucorrhoea and dystrophies (59%), aggravated by concomitant pathology, the so-called high-risk keratoplasty (HRK) were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. We estimated the functional results and incidence of GD. The calculation of the t-criterion; cross-tabulation method; Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis were applied. Results. As a result of penetrating keratoplasty, the BCVA (best corrected visual acuity) in patients with keratoconus increased by 20%; in patients with HRK – by 8%. In the general group the graft survival rate was 72%, while the 8-year successful graft engraftment in patients with keratoconus comprised 91%, with HRK – 60%. A significant relationship of the GD development with preoperative diagnosis and rekeratoplasty was determined. The risk of GD incidence was minimal in patients under 30 years of age and maximum in patients aged from 50 to 70 years. Survival rates for corneal transplants were better in men than in women. Conclusion. Penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus provides a good functional result with a minimal risk of GD development. With penetrating keratoplasty in high-risk patients, the effectiveness of surgical interventions is significantly lower (by ~30%). Key words: keratoconus, penetrating keratoplasty, corneal transplantation, survival analysis

Prognostic assessment of constitutional indicators influence on the indicators of personality traits of practically healthy women with different somatotypes

It is known that both genetic factors and environmental influences affect the development of the human body. This statement also applies to a person’s personality, ie the big five – the main features that make it up. The study of the relationship between physique and personality traits among a healthy population is very relevant and is a promising area for anthropology and psychology. The purpose of the work is to conduct a prognostic assessment of the influence of anthropo-somatotypological indicators on the personality indicators in practically healthy Ukrainian women without and taking into account the somatotype. Primary anthropo-somatotypological (anthropometry according to Bunak’s scheme, Heath-Carter somatotype determination, Matiegka and American Institute of Nutrition weight composition) and personality indicators (determination of leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, psychodynamic features of personality according to Spielberger and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek, components of internality according to Rotter) of practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age are selected from the data bank of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Factor analysis was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.1". The main factors that indicate the association of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes with some anthropo-somatotypological indicators: mesomorphs – "the size of the girth and fat size of the body" and "the size of the longitudinal size of the body"; in ectomorphs – "the size of the girth of the body" and "the size of the fat size of the body"; in endo-mesomorphs - "the magnitude of the circumferential size of the body" and "the magnitude of the width of the mandible"; in representatives of the middle intermediate somatotype – "the magnitude of the longitudinal and circumferential dimensions of the body" and "the magnitude of SFT on the posterior surface of the shoulder." In the general group of women, it is impossible to single out the second factor that has a significant load. Analysis of the obtained relationships of interdependence of personality traits, which have the greatest prognostic value in terms of formation of human personality with anthropo-somatotypological indicators showed that women of different somatotypes identified interdependencies have certain features. Thus, the application of factor analysis made it possible to determine the most significant relationships of personality indicators with the constitutional parameters of the body in practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes.

Urolithiasis complicated by chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system

Purpose of the study. To study the features of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system.Materials and methods. The study included a total of 618 patients suffering from recurrent nephrolithiasis complicated by ChOP. The 3 groups were formed: the first (I) of them included 42 patients with ChOP and uncomplicated coronary heart disease (CHD); the second (II)- 38 patients with CHD complicated by chronic heart failure (CHF); III (control) group consisted of 24 respondents with recurrent urolithiasis.Results. The sample was dominated by men (78 %). In total, there were 474 (76.7 %) patients with intact cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) suffered from 144 (23.3 %) patients, 38 (26.4 %) of whom had CHF of varying severity. Exacerbations of ChOP in patients of group I developed 1.5 times more often (once in 2.8-3 years) than in patients from the control group (on average after 18 months versus 28), and in group II almost annually (1 time in 13 months). In the entire cohort (n = 618), pyelonephritis was transformed into purulent-destructive in 19 (3.1 %) cases; with concomitant CVD, this complication developed in 7 (4.9 % of 144) cases, the remaining 12 (2.5 % of 474) respondents did not suffer from CVD. In group II, the purulent-destructive form occurred in 4 (10.5 %) patients; their share in the general group of patients with CVD was 2.8 % (the differences were significant - p < 0.05). Of the 19 patients with purulent-destructive pyelonephritis on the background of nephrolithiasis, more than a third (7 people - 36.8 %) had concomitant CHD, and of the 7 patients with this terrible complication that developed on the background of concomitant CHD, more than half (4 people - 57.1 %) had CHF of varying severity. The chemical composition of the urine samples was determined using a NICOLET iS10 spectral analyzer (Thermo scientific, USA). The stages of CHF were determined in accordance with the Strazhesco-Vasilenko classification [N. D. Strazhesco, V. H. Vasilenko, 1935]. Statistical data processing was carried out using the SPSS program 19. Absolute and relative indicators were calculated, as well as the exact Fisher criterion, taking into account the Bonferroni correction; the differences were considered reliable at p < 0.05.Conclusion. in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and concomitant CVD (especially with complicated CHF), exacerbations of obstructive pyelonephritis develop more often, the inflammatory process often turns into a purulent-destructive form.

ANALYSING ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 IN PATIENTS WITH NODULAR GOITER

Publications suggesting that thyroid nodule might be associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome are quite interesting. In a very recent report, increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence were also reported in patients with IR in an iodine-sufficient area []. The purpose of the work is to analyze the association between anthropometric indicators IR and IGF-1 in patients with nodular goiter. Materials and methods. During the study the authors examined 73 patients with euthyroid single-node (n = 34) and multinodular goiter (n = 39) aged 17 to 74 years (mean - (51.0 ± 10.6) years), determining WC, WC / HC, BMI, WHtR, ABSI, BFD, BRI, CI, AVI, BAI, IGF-1, TSH, fT4, fT3. Thyroid volume, its structure, number, size and location of foci was assessed by an ultrasonic complex Aloka SSD-1100 (Japan), using a linear sensor 7.5 MHz. Results and their discussion. In the total number of patients with nodular goiter IGF-1 is nonlinearly negatively associated with BMI (r = -0.30; P = 0.016), WC (r = -0.26; P = 0.036), WHtR (r = -0.30) ; P = 0.020), AVI (r = -0.27; P = 0.03), ABSI (r = -0.31; P = 0.015), nonlinear positive with BFD (r = 0.27; P = 0.033) ), BRI (r = 0.29; P = 0.02) and linearly positive with BAI (r = 0.36; P = 0.004); thyroid volume is linearly positively associated with age (r = 0.35; P = 0.009), nonlinearly positively with WC / HC (r = 0.43; P = 0.001), BFD (r = 0.26; P = 0.06 ) and CI (r = 0.31; P = 0.02). In patients with nodular goiter with BMI≥35 kg / m2 thyroid volume is linearly positively associated with BMI (r = 0.71; P = 0.049). In patients with nodular goiter with IRF-1 above the sex-age norm, thyroid volume is nonlinearly positively associated with WC / HC (r = 0.71; P = 0.01), BAI (r = 0.66; P = 0.03 ) and nonlinearly negative with BFD (r = -0.52; P = 0.01). It has been found that BAI explains 82.37% of the variance of IGF-1 in the general group and more than 90% of the variance of its level in groups of patients with nodular goiter with high IGF-1 with / without obesity. In patients with nodular goiter with high IGF-1 and obesity, the predictor of increased thyroid volume is BRI, which explains 81.14% of the variance of its volume. Conclusions: Patients with nodular goiter with IGF-1 level in blood above the sex-age norm have significantly higher values ​​of anthropometric indicators IR (WHtR, ABSI, BFD and BAI) compared with patients with a normal level of this indicator; in patients with nodular goiter with II degree obesity and above, thyroid volume is significantly associated with BMI; BAI (R2 = 82.37%) is a predictor of increased levels of IGF-1 in blood of patients with nodular goiter, regardless of the obesity; BRI (R2 = 81.14%) is a predictor of increased thyroid volume in patients with nodular goiter with IGF -1 high level and obesity. Key words: nodular goiter, anthropometric indicators, insulin resistance

Awareness and knowledge of congenital cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women and the general public: a web-based survey in Japan

Background The best approach to reduce congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is to practice behaviors that reduce cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission during pregnancy. Expanding awareness and knowledge of CMV is expected to result in increased practice of preventative behaviors. To this end, it is necessary to understand current awareness and knowledge of CMV. Methods This web-based cross-sectional survey assessed the awareness and knowledge of cCMVi among pregnant women and the general public in Japan. Participants aged 20–45 years (pregnant and non-pregnant women, and men) were identified from a consumer panel. Study outcomes (all participants) included awareness of cCMVi and other congenital conditions. Among those aware of cCMVi, outcomes included knowledge of CMV transmission routes, long-term outcomes of cCMVi, and behaviors to prevent CMV transmission during pregnancy. Outcomes limited to pregnant women included the practice of preventative behaviors and opinion on how easy it is to implement these behaviors. The data of the pregnant group (pregnant at the time of the survey) were compared with those of the general group (non-pregnant women and men). Results There were 535 participants in the pregnant group and 571 in the general group. Awareness of cCMVi was generally low (pregnant, 16.1%; general, 10.2%). Pregnant participants were significantly more aware of most congenital conditions than those in the general group, including cCMVi (P = 0.004). Knowledge about CMV/cCMVi was limited; there were no significant differences between the two groups for 24 of the 26 knowledge questions. A small proportion (one third or less) of pregnant women practiced behaviors to prevent the transmission of CMV, though most (73.3–95.3%) pregnant women who were aware of cCMVi considered such behaviors easy to implement. Conclusions Awareness and knowledge of CMV/cCMVi is low among pregnant women in Japan; the level of knowledge is similar to that among the general public. This needs to be improved. Most pregnant women considered behaviors to prevent CMV transmission easy to perform, which indicates that effectively educating pregnant women regarding the long-term outcomes of cCMVi, CMV transmission routes, and preventative behaviors will contribute to a reduced incidence of cCMVi. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000041260.

Immediate and long-term results of retropubic prostatectomy and simultaneous preperitoneal hernia repair in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia

Annotation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of valvular prostatectomy and simultaneous peritoneal hernioplasty in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia and assess the quality of life of patients. The article presents the treatment results of 152 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. All individuals were divided into two groups. The general group consisted of 32 (21.1%) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and inguinal hernia, who underwent one-stage retropubic prostatectomy and simultaneous preperitoneal hernia repair. The comparison group consisted of 120 (78.9%) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent only a one-stage retropubic prostatectomy. Assessment of the life quality of patients after simultaneous preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair was performed according to the EuraHS - Quality of Life scale in 6 and 12 months after surgery. The obtained quantitative data were processed by the variation statistic methods with the calculation of t-Student criteria. The data were considered reliable at a significance level of 0.95 (p<0.05). The average age of men in the comparison group was 68.0±7.2 years, in the general group – 67.1±6.9 years; the average prostate volume in the comparison group was 94.4±42.3 cm3, in the general group – 91.2±32.6 cm3; 44 (36.7%) patients of the comparison group and 4 (12.5%) patients of the general group were admitted to the department urgently (due to acute urinary retention or chronic complete urinary retention). The inguinal hernia was found in all 32 patients of the general group, among them in 4 men – on both sides. The average time of ciliary prostatectomy in the general group and in the comparison group was the same (82.8±25.6 and 80.1±17.4 minutes). The simultaneous inguinal hernia repair on the one side lasted 55.0±17.4 minutes. Neurological complications in the general group were noted in 2 (6.25%) patients, in the comparison group – in 9 (7.5%); urological complications took place in 11 (34.2%) and 40 (33.3%), respectively. The average postoperative inpatient stay in the general group was 9.5±1.7; in the comparison group – 9.8±2.9. It was statistically better due to these periods after surgery when compared with preoperative life quality.