The Natural Basis of Labor Productivity and Surplus Labor

1999 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Paul Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Natural Basis ◽  
Surplus Labor

The Great Exodus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Reallocation ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
Income Status

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the process of rural labor reallocation and unfolds its growth effect through sufficiently supplying human resources, preventing diminishing return to capital, and increasing labor productivity. Design/methodology/approach The author surveys literature and statistics related to the subject to comprehensively picture the 40-year course of the shift and reallocation of agricultural surplus labor. Findings In the past 40 years, reforms in relevant areas have eliminated institutional barriers deterring labor mobility and allowed agricultural laborers to exit from low-productivity farming employment, migrate beyond rural-urban boundary and across regions, sectors, and ownerships, and enter higher productivity employment in non-agricultural sectors. As a result, resources allocative efficiency has been substantially improved, contributing a significant part to labor productivity growth and thus economic growth of the Chinese economy as a whole. Social implications To sustain this source of economic growth as far as China completes its transition from upper-middle income status to high-income status, deepening reforms is urgently needed. The author provides policy suggestions for further reform. Originality/value This paper enhances people’s understanding of the Chinese economic reform and its nature of efficiency and inclusion.

THE DIRECTION OF AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN EU COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XIX (6) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Surplus Labor ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
The Individual

The main objective of the research is to evaluate the development of the food economy (agribusiness) in the European Union countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the productivity of agribusiness work in the European Union countries against the national economy. This was then compared to the level of socio-economic development (measured by GDP per capita) of the individual EU countries, and on this basis, the development of the agri-food sector was assessed. The time series of the study covered 1995 and 2010, ie the years for which the first and the most recent data on “Inputs for balances” are available for individual EU countries. One of the most important methods used to evaluate the development of agribusiness in the European Union was the input-output method. Research has shown that productivity in agribusiness in the EU-12 is still lower than in most EU-15 countries. Differences in productivity levels in agribusiness between countries are mainly influenced by surplus labor in agriculture. Increasing labor productivity in agriculture contributes to a stronger social division of labor in both agriculture and agribusiness, ie the development of modern food sector in line with the model of agricultural development. The question remains, however, whether the new member states will duplicate the path set by the developed Western and Northern European countries, based primarily on a large increase in labor productivity, but will follow a completely different path in food production.

Opportunities for accelerating labor productivity growth: The role of small and medium enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Evguenia V. Bessonova ◽  
Alexander G. Morozov ◽  
Natalia A. Turdyeva ◽  
Anna N. Tsvetkova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Labor Productivity Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Firms

The paper considers necessary conditions for acceleration of labor productivity growth in Russia. Based on micro data, as well as aggregate data, the paper quantifies the contribution of small and medium firms to labor productivity growth. It shows that mere increase of the number of small and medium enterprises is not as important for positive effects of these programs, as qualitative improvements: development of favorable environment for growth, which is largely determined by business climate. Accelerating productivity growth involves redistribution of labor and capital from inefficient to efficient enterprises. In particular, it is necessary to create conditions, which allow a firm to grow after it enters the market instead of stagnating as a small firm with low efficiency. At the same time, it is necessary for ineffective firms, which exhausted their growth potential, to have an opportunity to exit the market easily leaving resources including labor to fast-growing companies.

International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Gdp Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN UPAH DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PT DUTA TRANS JAYA JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Work Done

Organizational performance is the end result of the work done to achieve organizational goals that have been established. All that is determined by the existence of good labor productivity. There are several things that affect the productivity of labor, including the provision of wages and discipline work. One way to reward and acknowledge the existence of manpower is through the provision of wages. In addition to wage factors, labor productivity can also be influenced by work discipline factors. This study aims to determine the effect of wages and discipline of work on the productivity of labor at the company's Duta Trans Jaya Jakarta. The population of the research ani there are 40 employees, so researcher uses saturated samples by using all the popolation. So the sample in this study is 40 people. Based on the above data it can be seen that the value for wage variables, and work discipline (simultaneously) has a significant effect on work productivity, where the significant value of F of 0.000 <0.05 so it can be concluded that Ha accepted and Ho rejected this means that there is A significant influence between wage and work discipline variables on work productivity at PT. Duta Trans Jaya Jakarta. Kata kunci:Provision of Wage, Discipline Work, Productivity of worker

Ont he monodromy representation of polynomial maps in n variables

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
A. Némethi ◽  
I. Sigray
Keyword(s):  
Cohomology Group ◽  
Jacobian Conjecture ◽  
Natural Basis ◽  
Generic Fiber ◽  
Monodromy Representation ◽  
Polynomial Maps ◽  
Polynomial Map

For a   non-constant polynomial map f: Cn?Cn-1 we consider the monodromy representation on the cohomology group of its generic fiber. The main result of the paper determines its dimension and provides a natural basis for it. This generalizes the corresponding results of [2] or [10], where the case n=2 is solved. As  applications,  we verify the Jacobian conjecture for (f,g) when the generic fiber of f is either rational or elliptic. These are generalizations of the corresponding results of [5], [7], [8], [11] and [12], where the case  n=2 is treated.

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