Dowel-Bearing Strength of Southern Pine Cross-Laminated Timber

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Hindman ◽  
Benjamin Richardson ◽  
Achmaa Vaanjilnorov
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Bearing Strength

scholarly journals Bolt-Bearing Yield Strength of Three-Layered Cross-Laminated Timber Treated with Phenol Formaldehyde Resin

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wengang Hu ◽  
Jilei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Loading Direction

The effect of impregnation treatment of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (MWPF) resin on the bolt-bearing yield strength (BBYS) of a three-layered cross-laminated timber (CLT) composed of two face layers of southern pine (Pinus taeda) and one core layer of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) was investigated together with two additional factors of material type and loading direction. Experimental results indicated that the amount of low MWPF resins penetrating into sweetgum was more than the ones into southern pine. Sweetgum had more uniform distribution of low MWPF resins penetrating longitudinally than southern pine. Impregnation treatment using a low MWPF resin at a concentration of 20% can enhance the BBYS of three-layered CLTs with a 60% increase. The BBYS of a core layer material in three-layered CLTs can significantly alter the overall BBYS of the three-layered CLTs.

scholarly journals Predicting nail withdrawal resistance and bearing strength of cross-laminated timbers from mixed species

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4027-4038
Author(s):  
Keonho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Japanese Larch ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for sustainable architecture has led to a growing interest in wood structures. Hence, ensuring their structural stability and strength performance is an imperative. This study investigated the nail bearing strength and withdrawal resistance of mixed cross-laminated timber (CLT) using Japanese larch and yellow poplar layers. The mixed CLT was composed of three larch laminas (major) and two yellow poplar laminas (minor). The bearing strength of the mixed CLT decreased as the ratio of the thickness of the minor lamina to nail depth increased. The nail withdrawal resistance differed in the penetration and axial directions of the laminas. In the direction perpendicular to the grain, the withdrawal resistance load of the yellow poplar lamina was measured to be 1.45-times that of the larch lamina. The withdrawal resistance of the mixed CLT with the yellow poplar layer was 17% higher than that with larch. Therefore, the length of the nail used for the mixed CLT should be selected based on the thickness of the minor lamina to achieve efficient bearing and withdrawal resistance of the nail connection.

Polysulfide-borohydride modification of southern pine alkaline pulping integrated with hydrothermal pre-extraction of hemicelluloses

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
SUNG-HOON YOON ◽  
HARRY CULLINAN ◽  
GOPAL A. KRISHNAGOPALAN
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Process Modification

We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield recovery capabilities of kraft pulping integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction of southern pine. Loblolly pine chips were pre-extracted with hot water until the sugar extraction yield reached the targeted value of 10% and then subjected to conventional and modified kraft pulping. Modification included polysulfide pretreatment; polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment, and polysulfide followed by polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment two-stage pretreatments prior to kraft pulping. In the first modification, about 5% of the lost pulp yield (total 7%) caused by hemicellulose pre-extraction could be recovered with 15%-20% polysulfide pretreatment. Complete recovery (7%) was achieved with simultaneous pretreatment using 15% polysulfide and 0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone in polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment. Two-stage pretreatment using recycled 15% polysulfide followed by simultaneous treatment of 6% polysulfide and 0.4%–0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone also achieved 100% yield recovery. Continuous recycling of 15% polysulfide employed in the two-stage process modification maintained its yield protection efficiency in a repeated recycling cycle. No significant changes in paper strength were found in handsheets prepared from the three process modifications, except for a minor reduction in tear strength.

A Guide to Southern Pine Seed Sources

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark W. Lantz ◽  
John F. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Southern Pine ◽  
Seed Sources

ALUMINUM 5357

Alloy Digest ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Manganese Alloy ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Aluminum Company

Abstract ALUMINUM 5357 is an aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloy of the non-heat-treatable type. Formerly known as Aluminum C57S or Aluminum K157. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear and bearing strength. It also includes information on as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-30. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

MUELLER ALLOY 6741

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Bearing Alloy

Abstract MUELLER ALLOY No. 6741 (formerly 600 Alloy) is a high-strength bearing alloy intended for use in applications requiring a combination of outstanding wear characteristics and high bearing strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-235. Producer or source: Mueller Brass Company.

MAGNESIUM AZ31B

Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Wrought Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Metal Products

Abstract Magnesium AZ31B is a general purpose wrought magnesium alloy for room temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, and bearing strength as well as creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Mg-53. Producer or source: The Dow Metal Products Company.

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