Laboratory Simulation of Extreme Cooling Effects on the Propagation of Reflection Cracks Using Customized Texas Overlay Tester

Author(s):  
T. Mandal ◽  
H. Yin ◽  
R. Ji ◽  
R. Rutter
1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Geake ◽  
H. Lipson ◽  
M. D. Lumb

Work has recently begun in the Physics Department of the Manchester College of Science and Technology on an attempt to simulate lunar luminescence in the laboratory. This programme is running parallel with that of our colleagues in the Manchester University Astronomy Department, who are making observations of the luminescent spectrum of the Moon itself. Our instruments are as yet only partly completed, but we will describe briefly what they are to consist of, in the hope that we may benefit from the comments of others in the same field, and arrange to co-ordinate our work with theirs.


EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Yenni Kurniawati ◽  
Yuni Fatisa

Abstract Modeling and laboratory simulation can help overcome of cost obstacle, time, safety and other constraints in laboratory experiments. Many skills also had the opportunity to be fostered and promoted, especially in connection with the construction of thinking skills. However, the implementation of this program required an evaluation, in order to decided whether the program will be continuing or not, in addition its needed to found the focused of on overall quality of learning in order to make a recommendation in the decision making. This research was conducted by the mixed-method approached with triangulation design, in order to evaluate the effectiveness, problems or any obstacles of the implementation of the program. The population in this study was the third semester of pre-service chemistry students at UIN Syarif Kasim Sultan Riau, which was supported by lecturers, assistant laboratory and staf. The sample selection was done using random sampling techniques. Program evaluation in this study was conducted by the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product). The results showed that the program was running quite effective when viewed from the overall average grades. The evaluation about context, inputs, processes and products had the good and very good score, in which the evaluation score of context and input, get the better score than process and product evaluation. This study recommends to be a continuing improvement program of modeling and simulation laboratories, both as an exercise before the experiments or replace the real experiments. Keywords: modeling; simulation lab; chemistry experiment Abstrak Pemodelan dan simulasi laboratorium dapat membantu mengatasi kendala biaya, waktu, alasan keselamatan dan kendala lainnya dalam praktikum di laboratorium kimia. Beragam kemampuan lain juga berkesempatan untuk ditumbuh-kembangkan terutama dalam kaitannya dengan konstruksi berfikir. Meskipun demikian, implementasi pelaksanaan program ini memerlukan evaluasi, guna memutuskan apakah program ini layak dilanjutkan ataukah tidak, selain karena diperlukannya penemuan terhadap fokus peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran secara menyeluruh guna menghasilkan rekomendasi dalam menentukan keputusan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method desain triangulasi, guna mengevaluasi sebab-sebab efektifitas, kendala ataupun kegagalan pelaksanaan program. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester III jurusan Pendidikan Kimia UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, yang didukung oleh dosen, asisten laboratorium dan laboran dan pemilihan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Evaluasi program dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program ini berjalan cukup efektif jika dilihat dari rata-rata keseluruhan nilai, mulai dari context, input, proses dan produk yang berada pada skor baik dan sangat baik, di mana skor evaluasi context dan input, lebih baik dibanding proses dan produk. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk terus meningkatkan penggunaan pemodelan dan simulasi laboratorium kimia, baik sebagai latihan sebelum praktikum maupun menggantikan praktikum yang sesungguhnya. Kata Kunci: pemodelan; simulasi laboratorium; praktikum kimia  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.4394  


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Daisuke Narumi ◽  
Ronnen Levinson ◽  
Yoshiyuki Shimoda

Urban air temperature rises induced by the urban heat island (UHIE) effect or by global warming (GW) can be beneficial in winter but detrimental in summer. The SCIENCE-Outdoor model was used to simulate changes to sensible heat release and CO2 emissions from buildings yielded by four UHIE countermeasures and five GW countermeasures. This model can evaluate the thermal condition of building envelope surfaces, both inside and outside. The results showed that water-consuming UHIE countermeasures such as evaporative space cooling and roof water showering provided positive effects (decreasing sensible heat release and CO2 emissions related to space conditioning) in summer. Additionally, they had no negative (unwanted cooling) effects in winter since they can be turned off in the heating season. Roof greening can provide the greatest space- conditioning CO2 emissions reductions among four UHIE countermeasures, and it reduces the amount of heat release slightly in the heating season. Since the effect on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by UHIE countermeasures is not very significant, it is desirable to introduce GW countermeasures in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The significance of this study is that it constructed the new simulation model SCIENCE-Outdoor and applied it to show the influence of countermeasures upon both heat release and CO2 emissions.


Author(s):  
Moon S. Chung ◽  
Alexander Mayer ◽  
Brock L. Weiss ◽  
Nicholas M. Miskovsky ◽  
Paul H. Cutler

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
K.M. Banks

Various microstructure models for Nb-bearing steels were tested under industrial strip rolling conditions to establish a relationship between grain size and toughness in Ti-Nb-V microalloyed steels. For similar Nb contents, microstructure models for Nb steels were found to adequately describe recrystallisation kinetics in more complex Ti-Nb-V steels. For thick-walled linepipe (11.6mm), a minimum of 0.04%Nb is required to achieve adequate toughness. Retained strain was the dominant processing parameter factor affecting ferrite grain size. The predicted minimum amount of retained strain after the last pass required for sufficient grain refinement concurred with laboratory simulation results. For the rolling schedules investigated, metadynamic recrystallisation was predicted to occur during roughing, whilst static recrystallisation was predominant during finishing.


Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 191 (4222) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. BUSSE ◽  
C. R. CARRIGAN

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 3055-3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Stott ◽  
John F. B. Mitchell ◽  
Myles R. Allen ◽  
Thomas L. Delworth ◽  
Jonathan M. Gregory ◽  
...  

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of aerosol forcing uncertainty on the robustness of estimates of the twentieth-century warming attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Attribution analyses on three coupled climate models with very different sensitivities and aerosol forcing are carried out. The Third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM (HadCM3), Parallel Climate Model (PCM), and GFDL R30 models all provide good simulations of twentieth-century global mean temperature changes when they include both anthropogenic and natural forcings. Such good agreement could result from a fortuitous cancellation of errors, for example, by balancing too much (or too little) greenhouse warming by too much (or too little) aerosol cooling. Despite a very large uncertainty for estimates of the possible range of sulfate aerosol forcing obtained from measurement campaigns, results show that the spatial and temporal nature of observed twentieth-century temperature change constrains the component of past warming attributable to anthropogenic greenhouse gases to be significantly greater (at the 5% level) than the observed warming over the twentieth century. The cooling effects of aerosols are detected in all three models. Both spatial and temporal aspects of observed temperature change are responsible for constraining the relative roles of greenhouse warming and sulfate cooling over the twentieth century. This is because there are distinctive temporal structures in differential warming rates between the hemispheres, between land and ocean, and between mid- and low latitudes. As a result, consistent estimates of warming attributable to greenhouse gas emissions are obtained from all three models, and predictions are relatively robust to the use of more or less sensitive models. The transient climate response following a 1% yr−1 increase in CO2 is estimated to lie between 2.2 and 4 K century−1 (5–95 percentiles).


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