Kinetic modeling for biodiesel production by heterogeneous catalysis

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.

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Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Devendra P. Tekale ◽

Ganapati D. Yadav ◽

Ajay K. Dalai

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Benzyl Alcohol ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Value Added ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Glycerol Ether ◽

Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

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Progress in Accurate Chemical Kinetic Modeling, Simulations, and Parameter Estimation for Heterogeneous Catalysis

ACS Catalysis ◽

10.1021/acscatal.9b01234 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 6624-6647 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Sebastian Matera ◽

William F. Schneider ◽

Andreas Heyden ◽

Aditya Savara

Keyword(s):

Parameter Estimation ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Kinetic Modeling ◽

Chemical Kinetic

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Biodiesel production from waste salmon oil: kinetic modeling, properties of methyl esters, and economic feasibility of a low capacity plant

Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining ◽

10.1002/bbb.1561 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 516-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marta Serrano ◽

Jorge-Mario Marchetti ◽

Mercedes Martínez ◽

José Aracil

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Modeling ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Biodiesel Production

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Optimization and Kinetic Modeling of Biodiesel Production

Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10578-8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 193-201

Author(s):

Chandrasekaran Muthukumaran ◽

Govindasamy Sharmila ◽

Narasimhan Manojkumar ◽

Aruljesu Gnanaprakasam ◽

V.M. Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Modeling ◽

Biodiesel Production

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Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9080690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 690 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edgar M. Sánchez Faba ◽

Gabriel O. Ferrero ◽

Joana M. Dias ◽

Griselda A. Eimer

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Absolute Methanol ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil

Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions—2–8 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.

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