scholarly journals Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Devendra P. Tekale ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

Solvent-free liquid-phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde over CeO2-MnOx composite oxides

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Chen ◽  
Kuiyi You ◽  
Xiangbo Gong ◽  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Zhenpan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Composite Oxides ◽  
Selective Catalytic Oxidation

An efficient method for highly selective preparation of the high value-added benzyl alcohol (BOL) and benzaldehyde (BAL) from liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene with molecular oxygen over CeO2-MnOx composite oxides...

scholarly journals Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar M. Sánchez Faba ◽  
Gabriel O. Ferrero ◽  
Joana M. Dias ◽  
Griselda A. Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Absolute Methanol ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions—2–8 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.

scholarly journals Coconut husk ash as heterogenous catalyst for biodiesel production from cerbera manghas seed oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husni Husin ◽  
Abubakar Abubakar ◽  
Suci Ramadhani ◽  
Cici Ferawati Br. Sijabat ◽  
Fikri Hasfita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The research on the use of coconut husk as a solid catalyst for transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil into biodiesel has been done. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of coconut husk ash for biodiesel production from Cerbera manghas seed oil. Coconut husk is prepared by burning in air to obtain potassium oxide as active phase. The coconut husk is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD spectrum shows that the peak characteristics of potassium oxide can be observed in the diffractogram. The particle size of the catalyst ranging from 1 - 3 μm with pentagonal structure. The coconut husk ash solid catalyst is used in the transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil in a batch reactor. Biodiesel yield of 88.6% can be achieved over coconut husk ash catalyst, using a 10 wt.% of catalyst, reaction temperature at 3 hours, and a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6: 1. This solid catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction system and not soluble in methanol or methyl esters. The coconut husk ash catalyst is high potential to be developed as one of the solid catalysts to convert Cerbera manghas oil to biodiesel.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AT PILOT LEVEL BY HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED OIL METHANOLYSIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NINOSLAVA POPOVIĆ-NIKOLIĆ ◽  
MARIJA MILADINOVIĆ ◽  
IVANA BANKOVIĆ-ILIĆ ◽  
OLIVERA STAMENKOVIĆ ◽  
VLADA VELJKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Harmful Effects

The environmental aspects of a continuous biodiesel production pilot process based on the sunflower oil methanolysis employing the quicklime as a solid catalyst were analyzed. The environmental impacts of important factors present in all phases of the proposed pilot process were evaluated. The aim of the work was to identify the potential harmful effects of the proposed process for biodiesel production on the environment and to propose the preventive and protective measures. Key words: biodiesel, ecological and environmental aspects, heterogeneous catalysis, methanolysis, safety

scholarly journals A review of recent progress on electrocatalysts toward efficient glycerol electrooxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adeniyi Alaba ◽  
Ching Shya Lee ◽  
Faisal Abnisa ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ◽  
Patrick Cognet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Oxidation ◽  
Glycerol Electrooxidation ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractGlycerol electrooxidation has attracted immense attention due to the economic advantage it could add to biodiesel production. One of the significant challenges for the industrial development of glycerol electrooxidation process is the search for a suitable electrocatalyst that is sustainable, cost effective, and tolerant to carbonaceous species, results in high performance, and is capable of replacing the conventional Pt/C catalyst. We review suitable, sustainable, and inexpensive alternative electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity, and durability, ensuring the economic viability of the glycerol electrooxidation process. The alternatives discussed here include Pd-based, Au-based, Ni-based, and Ag-based catalysts, as well as the combination of two or three of these metals. Also discussed here are the prospective materials that are yet to be explored for glycerol oxidation but are reported to be bifunctional (being capable of both anodic and cathodic reaction). These include heteroatom-doped metal-free electrocatalysts, which are carbon materials doped with one or two heteroatoms (N, B, S, P, F, I, Br, Cl), and heteroatom-doped nonprecious transition metals. Rational design of these materials can produce electrocatalysts with activity comparable to that of Pt/C catalysts. The takeaway from this review is that it provides an insight into further study and engineering applications on the efficient and cost-effective conversion of glycerol to value-added chemicals.

Lignin to Value-Added Chemical Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Sharifi ◽  
Ramyakrishna Pothu ◽  
Rajender Boddula ◽  
Inamuddin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Lignin Model Compounds ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Lignin Model

Background: There is a developing demand for innovation in petroleum systems replacements. Towards this aim, lignocellulosic biomass suggested as a possible sustainable source for the manufacturing of fuels and produced chemicals. The aims of this paper are to investigate different kinds of β-O-4 lignin model compounds for the production of value-added chemicals in presence of ionic liquids. Especially, a cheap β-O-4 lignin model Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) is introduced to produce valuable chemicals and novel products. Methods: Research related to chemical depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass activity is reviewed, the notes from different methods such as thermal and microwave collected during at least 10 years. So, this collection provides a good source for academic research and it gives an efficient strategy for the manufacturing of novel value-added chemicals at an industrial scale. Results: This research presented that ionic liquid microwave-assisted is a power saving, cost efficient, fast reaction, and clean way with high selectively and purity for production of high value chemicals rather that conversional heating. Guaiacol and catechol are some of these valuable chemicals that is produced from β-O-4 lignin model compounds with high word demands that are capable to produce in industry scale. Conclusion: The β-O-4 lignin model compounds such as Guaiacol glycerol ether (GGE) (Guaifenesin) are good platform for developing food materials, perfumery, biorefinery, and pharmaceutical industry by ionic liquids-assisted lignin depolymerization method.

Graphdiyne Anchored Ultrafine Ag Nanoparticles for High Efficient and Solvent-Free Catalysis of CO2 Cycloaddition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Tongbu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
High Efficient

Apart from photo-/electro-catalytic CO2 reduction, an important alternative route to CO2 utilization is to use this inert molecule as a C1 source to synthesize value-added chemicals, while the practical application...

An insight into an electro-catalytic reactor concept for high value-added production from crude glycerol: Optimization, electrode passivation, product distribution, and reaction pathway identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Ali Khosravanipour Mostafazadeh ◽  
Maria Samantha De La Torre ◽  
Yessika Padilla ◽  
Patrick Drogui ◽  
Satinder Kaur Brar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Reactor ◽  
Electrode Passivation ◽  
Insight Into

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

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