Chromatographic characterization of triacylglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters in microalgae oils for biodiesel production

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 053111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Soares ◽  
B. F. Silva ◽  
L. L. Fialho ◽  
M. A. G. Pequeno ◽  
A. A. H. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Chromatographic Characterization

scholarly journals Trends in Widely Used Catalysts for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Production: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Shafaq Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asma Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

The effective transesterification process to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) requires the use of low-cost, less corrosive, environmentally friendly and effective catalysts. Currently, worldwide biodiesel production revolves around the use of alkaline and acidic catalysts employed in heterogeneous and homogeneous phases. Homogeneous catalysts (soluble catalysts) for FAME production have been widespread for a while, but solid catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts) are a newer development for FAME production. The rate of reaction is much increased when homogeneous basic catalysts are used, but the main drawback is the cost of the process which arises due to the separation of catalysts from the reaction media after product formation. A promising field for catalytic biodiesel production is the use of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and polyoxometalate compounds. The flexibility of their structures and super acidic properties can be enhanced by incorporation of polyoxometalate anions into the complex proton acids. This pseudo liquid phase makes it possible for nearly all mobile protons to take part in the catalysis process. Carbonaceous materials which are obtained after sulfonation show promising catalytic activity towards the transesterification process. Another promising heterogeneous acid catalyst used for FAME production is vanadium phosphate. Furthermore, biocatalysts are receiving attention for large-scale FAME production in which lipase is the most common one used successfully This review critically describes the most important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in the current FAME production, with future directions for their use.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil by Transesterification Using a Co-solvent of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Ngoc Thi Le ◽  
Kiyoshi Imamura ◽  
Norie Watanabe ◽  
Masakazu Furuta ◽  
Norimichi Takenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Acid Methyl

Formation and Characterization of Fully Dilutable Microemulsion with Fatty Acid Methyl Esters as Oil Phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanxu Wang ◽  
Hongtu Wei ◽  
Zhiping Du ◽  
Xiumei Tai ◽  
Guoyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals GC-MS Characterization of Unsweetened and Sweetened “Kunun-zaki” Beverage and Pulp

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Esienanwan Esien Efiong ◽  
Jonathan Maduka Nwaedozie ◽  
Abraham Ehinomhen Ubhenin ◽  
Emmanuel Hala Kwon- Ndung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Significant Health

Aims: To characterize unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink/pulp using GC-MS. Study Design: The experimental groups were divided into four: unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink, unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp and sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp respectively. Place of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State and Central Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methodology: The processes involved sorting, cleaning, soaking, decanting, washing, milling, gelatinization, fermentation, and sieving. Unsweetened “kunun-zaki” beverage was made from millet, sorghum, soybean, dried sweet potatoes, germinated rice, ginger, and cloves. The same process was followed for the sweetened variety, with addition of dried dates. After sieving to collect “kunun-zaki” beverage, the remnant was the pulp. Hydrodistillation and Soxhlet apparatus were used to extract the essential oils, and fatty acids respectively. Fatty acid methyl esters of the samples were then analysed using GC-MS. Results: The GC chromatogram identified three constituents in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The dominant constituents were 9,12-octadecadienenoic acid (z,)- (73.36%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (19.31%). Eleven compounds were identified in sweetened “kunun-zaki” drink. The most abundant was 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- 54.062%, followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (17.278%). Twenty-one peaks corresponding to eighteen compounds were detected in unsweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp. The dominant constituents were gingerol (20.262%), 1H-3a,7-methanoazulene,2,3,4,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,6,8,8-teramethyl-,[3R-(3α,3aβ,7 β,8aα)]- (19.925%),  2-Butanone,4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- (15.59%), and cedrene (10.977%). For sweetened “kunun-zaki” pulp, four compounds were detected. The dominant compounds being 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (z,z)- (68.664%), n-hexadecanoic acid (18.654%), and oleic acid (10.199%). Conclusion: The results showed safe fatty acid profile of all samples for different health status. Other components showed bioactivities with significant health benefits. This study identified compounds which validate the medicinal claims of “kunun-zaki.” This is the first documentation of GC-MS profiling of “kunun-zaki” parts.

scholarly journals Prospecting for Oleaginous and Robust Chlorella spp. for Coal-Fired Flue-Gas-Mediated Biodiesel Production

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohwa Kim ◽  
Ramasamy Praveenkumar ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Kyubock Lee ◽  
Sang Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
G Cell ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

Prospecting for robust and high-productivity strains is a strategically important step in the microalgal biodiesel process. In this study, 30 local strains of Chlorella were evaluated in photobioreactors for biodiesel production using coal-fired flue-gas. Three strains (M082, M134, and KR-1) were sequentially selected based on cell growth, lipid content, and fatty acid composition under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Under autotrophic conditions, M082 and M134 showed comparable lipid contents (ca. 230 mg FAME [fatty acid methyl esters derived from microalgal lipids]/g cell) and productivities (ca. 40 mg FAME/L·d) versus a reference strain (KR-1) outdoors with actual flue-gas (CO2, 13%). Interestingly, under mixotrophic conditions, M082 demonstrated, along with maximal lipid content (397 mg FAME/g cell), good tolerance to high temperature (40 °C). Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters met important international standards under all of the tested culture conditions. Thus, it was concluded that M082 can be a feedstock of choice for coal-fired, flue-gas-mediated biodiesel production.

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