Neighbouring plant varieties problem in the damage resistant alpha design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Viskotová ◽  
Martin Tláskal ◽  
Luboš Střelec
Keyword(s):  
Neighbouring Plant

Temporal dynamics of nutrient uptake by neighbouring plant species: evidence from intercropping

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei‐Ping Zhang ◽  
Guang‐Cai Liu ◽  
Jian‐Hao Sun ◽  
Dario Fornara ◽  
Li‐Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

Perception of neighbouring plants by rhizomes and roots: morphological manifestations of a clonal plant

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2146-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald ◽  
Martyn M. Caldwell ◽  
David A. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Resource Competition ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pseudoroegneria Spicata ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Elymus Lanceolatus ◽  
Clonal Morphology ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
Root Contact

A previous study showed that clonal morphology of the rhizomatous grass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus (Scibner & J.G. Smith Gould) was influenced more by neighbouring root systems than by the local distribution of nutrients. In this study we determine whether individual rhizomes or roots of E. lanceolatus perceive neighbouring root systems and how this is manifested in morphological responses of E. lanceolatus clones. Elymus lanceolatus was grown in the same bin with Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love or Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. plants. Elymus lanceolatus was separated from its neighbours by different barriers. The barriers allowed either only E. lanceolatus roots; only a single E. lanceolatus primary rhizome; or both roots and rhizomes to contact the neighbour root system. When only a single E. lanceolatus primary rhizome with potentially developing branching rhizomes made contact with the neighbour, the clonal structure of E. lanceolatus was modified more with P. spicata as the neighbour than with A. desertorum. With root contact of E. lanceolatus alone there was a similar effect with the neighbouring plants, but there was a more marked inhibitory effect on E. lanceolatus clonal growth with P. spicata than with A. desertorum, compared with the treatment with only a single rhizome in contact with the neighbour. Root resource competition in the unconstrained treatment (roots and rhizomes) between neighbouring plant and E. lanceolatus was more apparent with A. desertorum than with P. spicata. This study is one of the first to document that rhizome and root contact of a clonal plant with its neighbours may induce different clonal responses depending on the species of neighbour. Key words: Agropyron desertorum, clonal morphology, Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus, plant interference, plant contact, Pseudoroegneria spicata, rhizome structure, root systems.

The Microscale Distribution of Neighbouring Plant Roots in Fertile Soil Microsites

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Caldwell ◽  
J. H. Manwaring ◽  
S. L. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Plant Roots ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

scholarly journals Effects of neighbour location and nutrient distributions on root foraging behaviour of the common sunflower

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20190955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Ljubotina ◽  
James F. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Patch Occupancy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

Plants regularly encounter patchily distributed soil nutrients. A common foraging response is to proliferate roots within high-quality patches. The influence of the social environment on this behaviour has been given limited attention, despite important fitness consequences of competition for soil resources among plants. Using the common sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), we compared localized root proliferation in a high-quality patch by plants grown alone to that of plants in two different social environments: with a neighbouring plant sharing equal access to the high-quality patch, and with a neighbouring plant present but farther from the high-quality patch such that the focal individual was in closer proximity to the high-quality patch. Sunflowers grown alone proliferated more roots within high-nutrient patches than lower-nutrient soil. Plants decreased root proliferation within a high-nutrient patch when it was equidistant to a neighbour. Conversely, plants increased root proliferation when they were in closer proximity to the patch relative to a nearby neighbour. Such contingent responses may allow sunflowers to avoid competition in highly contested patches, but to also pre-empt soil resources from neighbours when they have better access to a high-quality patch. We also compared patch occupancy by sunflowers grown alone with two equidistant high-quality patches to occupancy by sunflowers grown with two high-quality patches and a neighbour. Plants grown with a neighbour decreased root length within shared patches but did not increase root length within high-quality patches they were in closer proximity to, perhaps because resource pre-emption may be less important for individuals when resources are more abundant. These results show that nutrient foraging responses in plants can be socially contingent, and that plants may account for the possibility of pre-empting limited resources in their foraging decisions.

Water relations and gas exchange of the root hemiparasite Santalum acuminatum (quandong)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth R. Loveys ◽  
Brian R. Loveys ◽  
Stephen D. Tyerman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Root Hemiparasite ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

The water relations and leaf gas-exchange characteristics of the root hemiparasite quandong (Santalum acuminatum (R.Br.) A.DC) and its neighbouring plants were examined at three field sites in central Southern Australia. This paper examines the role of water potential and osmotic gradients in facilitating the movement of water from host plants to quandong. Quandong exhibited a significantly more negative water potential than the neighbouring plant species at both field sites during summer and winter. A significant proportion of the osmotic potential was accounted for by mannitol, Na + , K + and Cl - . A water potential difference of 1.7 MPa was maintained between quandong and its putative host over a measurement period of 24 h. Xylem sap and leaves of quandong contained considerable concentration (0.1–0.4 mol (kg tissue water) –1 ) of mannitol. Stomatal conductance and assimilation of quandong were lower than those of the neighbouring plants at both Middleback and Aldinga during both summer and winter measurements. Measurements of transpiration for quandong differed between the two sites. The lower transpirational water loss resulted in quandong at Middleback having an instantaneous water-use efficiency higher (0.13–2.2 µmol (CO 2 ) mmol –1 (H 2 O)) than the neighbouring plants. Daily sap flow and calculated hydraulic conductivity were not significantly different between quandong and putative host plant.

Maize Voc Induction after Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen, Pantoea ananatis, Alters Neighbouring Plant Voc Emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J Delaney ◽  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Grzegorz Lemańczyk ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Danuta Wrzesińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

scholarly journals Environmentally acquired chemical camouflage affects Pieris brassicae L. host plant selection and orientation behaviour of a larval parasitoid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy Nga T. Bui ◽  
Sari J. Himanen ◽  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Cotesia Glomerata ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Chemical Camouflage ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
Behavioural Tests

AbstractEnvironmentally acquired chemical camouflage is a phenomenon, where a plant growing close to a strong volatile organic compound (VOC) emitter will adsorb and re-emit the VOCs produced by the neighbouring plant. The re-emitted volatile bouquet may resemble more the VOC composition of the neighbour than plant’s own typical odour, and thus act as chemical camouflage against insect detection, potentially simultaneously providing associational resistance towards herbivory. We exposed a pest-sensitive horticultural crop, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) cv. Lucky, to the volatiles emitted by Rhododendron tomentosum [RT] twigs and assessed the host selection by ovipositing females and larval instars of the major caterpillar pest Pieris brassicae between RT-exposed and control plants. Potential impact of RT exposure on herbivore natural enemies was studied using behavioural tests with a parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata. P. brassicae females laid significantly less eggs and egg clusters were fewer on RT-exposed plants at both night-time (6 °C) and daytime (22 °C) temperatures. Larvae preferred leaves from control plants over RT-exposed plants at both temperatures. Preceding RT-exposure did not disturb orientation of parasitoid wasp Cotesia glomerata females towards B. oleracea plants damaged by its host P. brassicae. However, host-damaged control plants were favoured by the parasitoid over RT-exposed, host-damaged plants. Our results suggest that companion plant based chemical camouflage as a mechanism of pest suppression could be developed as an additional tool for the integrated pest management toolbox in agriculture.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Epichloë fungal endophytes: experiment and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A Hager ◽  
Maija Gailis ◽  
Jonathan A Newman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Neighbouring Plant

Host-specific Epichloë spp. endophytic fungal symbionts of pooid grasses that produce herbivore-deterring alkaloids and alter the grass host's metabolite and protein profiles. Early observations suggested that Epichloë may have negative allelopathic effects on neighbouring plant species, particularly Trifolium spp. clovers, but subsequent allelopathy tests produced variable results. We examined two hypotheses: (1) Epichloë strains differ in allelopathic effect, and (2) Epichloë allelopathy negatively affects other plant species. We performed a greenhouse experiment using root exudates from Lolium perenne L. hosting different E. festucae var. lolii (Latch, M.J. Chr. & Samuels) C.W. Bacon & Schardl strains to compare their allelopathic effects on native legumes and forbs. We then used meta-analysis to examine the evidence to date for allelopathic effects of Epichloë endophytes. We found little difference in effect among E. festucae var. lolii strains and very little evidence for negative allelopathic effects of Epichloë in cool-season grasses across a range of methodologies, target plant species, and response measures. Negative allelopathic effects were detected only for root hair measures, which were from a single study. Positive effects on biomass were found for some experimental subgroups, including legumes. However, the majority of response variables showed no evidence for Epichloë allelopathy. Although there is currently little evidence for negative Epichloë allelopathic effects, our meta-analysis identified several research gaps. Experiments testing the functional belowground effects of Epichloë presence may help to determine its effects on non-host plant performance via plant-soil feedbacks.

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