Surface condensation sensor board for damp heat chamber

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 095102
Author(s):  
Ashwin Vijayasai ◽  
Qianhuan Yu ◽  
Yan Du ◽  
Bill Ovenstone
Keyword(s):  
Heat Chamber ◽  
Surface Condensation

Air jet protection to prevent window surface condensation from air moisture

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Naumov ◽  
Iurii A. Tabunshchikov ◽  
Dmitry V. Kapko ◽  
Marianna M. Brodach
Keyword(s):  
Air Jet ◽  
Surface Condensation

Surface condensation and mould

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
J.P. Cornish ◽  
C.H. Sanders ◽  
J. Garratt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condensation

A Study on the Control of Surface Condensation on a Multi-Cone Diffuser in Cold Air Distribution Applications

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Y. K. Chuah ◽  
S. C. Hu ◽  
M. F. Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Air Distribution ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Surface Condensation

scholarly journals CHANGE OF FUNCTIONAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS AFTER COMPENSATION OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS WITH COOLED HYPERTONIC SOLUTION IN EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
A. V. Krupin ◽  
I. A. Shperling ◽  
P. A. Romanov ◽  
M. I. Shperling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Heat Chamber ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Experimental Group

Relevance.High efficiency of hypertonic (hyperosmolar) solutions in acute blood loss is known. However, data on changes in the body, developing as a result of infusion of such drugs (including cooled) in the providing of care after acute blood loss is limited or absent. This fact complicates the development of tactics in their use, especially in emergency situations at low temperatures.Intention.To reveal features of functional and laboratory indicators In experiments on animals as a result of infusion of warm (+22 °С) or the cooled (–3 °С) hypertonic solution based on hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride (HyperHAES, further – HHES) at the acute blood loss of 50 % of blood volume (BV).Methodology.Animals (20 male sheep) with modeled blood loss were distributed into 2 experimental and 2 control groups of 5 animals each. Sheep in the 1st experimental group were placed in the heat chamber with temperature –7 °С for 15 min. Then they underwent the intravenous infusion of a cooled HHES at a dose of 4 ml/kg of weight through the jugular vein with a disposable syringe (volume 20 ml) evenly with a speed of 60 ml per minute. After that they were left in the heat chamber until the time of 1 hour in total. Individuals in the 2nd experimental group were injected with an equivalent volume of warm solution during the corresponding periods of the experiment at an external temperature of +22 °C. 1 hour after beginning of the infusion all animals were intravenously injected with colloidal solution based on hydroxyethyl starch (“Voluven”) at an external temperature of +22 °C. During 1 day the dynamics of rectal temperature, arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory movements, osmolarity of blood plasma and content of osmotically active components, quantitative indicators of red blood were evaluated.Results.Animals at a temperature of +22 °C or at a temperature of –7 °C died in (82 ± 3) min and (70 ± 5) min (p < 0.05) respectively after the start of exfusion. Intravenous fluids (warm or cooled HHES) ensured the survival in 100 % of cases. As a result of blood loss, subsequent infusion of cooled HHES and following presence in the heat chamber, rectal temperature in sheep decreased by 4.9 °C (14.2%, p < 0.05) relative to the initial values. Two and 4 min after infusion of cooled or warm HHES systolic blood pressure increased by 24.9 % (p < 0.05) and 14.9 % (p < 0.05), respectively, and were restored to the normal level during the following 40 min. Infusion of “Voluven” contributed to the stabilization of blood pressure within 1 day after infusion of HHES. Blood loss led to increased heart rate by 2.1 times (p < 0.05), infusion of HHES slightly reduced the severity of tachycardia. Within 10 minutes after the introduction of cooled HHES, dynamics of heart rate was less stable. Infusion of warm or cooled HHES increased osmolarity of blood plasma by 9.5–9.9 % (p < 0.05), which was associated with an increase of sodium and glucose concentrations in blood. Infusion of “Voluven” reduced osmolarity of blood plasma, which became similar to initial values at the end of Day 1 after infusion of HHES. Blood loss, infusion of HHES and “Voluven” decreased quantitative indicators of red blood via removal of red blood cells from the bloodstream, as well as compensatory and post-transfusion hemodilution.Conclusion.The infusion of warm or cold hypertonic saline (HyperHAES) ensures the survival of experimental animals in post-hemorrhagic period. The positive effect of the drug is associated with compensatory haemodilution (including increased osmolarity of blood plasma), as well as with better functioning of the cardiovascular system. Specific cooled HHES effects include an earlier and pronounced rise in blood pressure. Considering changes in functional and laboratory parameters after infusion of warm or cooled HHES, a reliable system should be developed to remove casualties from emergency areas and to take earlier and complete diagnostic and treatment measures.

scholarly journals Methods for Determining Mold Development and Condensation on the Surface of Building Barriers

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Starakiewicz ◽  
Przemysław Miąsik ◽  
Joanna Krasoń ◽  
Lech Lichołai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Surface Condensation ◽  
Water Vapor Condensation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Temperature Factors

The article presents four equivalent methods for checking mold growth on the surface of building barriers and checking water vapor condensation on their surface. Each method applies to two parallel phenomena that may occur on a building barrier. The first method is to calculate and compare temperature factors. In the second method, the characteristic humidity in the room is calculated and compared. The third method is to calculate and compare the characteristic temperatures in the room. The fourth method is based on the calculation and comparison of characteristic water vapor pressures. Three boundary conditions are presented for each method and phenomenon: when a given phenomenon can occur, when it begins or ends, and when it does not occur. The presented methods systematize the approach to the problem of mold development and surface condensation. The presented calculation results relate to the selected building barrier functioning in specific indoor and outdoor climate conditions. The calculation results confirm the compliance of the presented methods in identifying the phenomenon of mold growth or condensation on the surface of the barrier. A graphical interpretation of the results for each method with periods of occurrence or absence of a given phenomenon is also presented.

Cardiovascular and sweating responses to water ingestion during dehydration

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo C. Senay ◽  
Margaret L. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Cutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Heat Chamber ◽  
Saline Ingestion ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

The experiments reported are concerned with cardiovascular and sudomotor events preceding, accompanying, and following ingestion of water by five dehydrating subjects 8.75 hr after entrance into a heat chamber (43.3 C DB, 29 C WB). Certain skin areas such as the cheek showed increases in evaporative heat loss before subjects came in contact with water. This reflex could be initiated by saline ingestion but the degree of skin and oral temperature changes appeared to depend on tonicity of fluid ingested. The gustatory reflex was not thought to be the initiating agent for sudomotor responses. Increases in cutaneous blood flow appeared to begin almost as promptly as sweating responses but took considerably longer to develop. Ingestion of saline, though initiating a sweating response, did not alter heart rate, blood pressure, or cutaneous blood flow. It is suggested that fluid ingestion, regardless of tonicity, triggers reflex sweating over the body surface. Intensity and duration of this sudomotor response, as well as initiation of cardiovascular changes, apparently depend on tonicity of ingested fluid. cutaneous blood flow; skin temperature; regional sweating Submitted on November 27, 1964

scholarly journals Modeling climate diversity, tidal dynamics and the fate of volatiles on TRAPPIST-1 planets

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Turbet ◽  
Emeline Bolmont ◽  
Jeremy Leconte ◽  
François Forget ◽  
Franck Selsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Surface Condensation ◽  
Synchronous Rotation ◽  
Ice Shell

TRAPPIST-1 planets are invaluable for the study of comparative planetary science outside our solar system and possibly habitability. Both transit timing variations (TTV) of the planets and the compact, resonant architecture of the system suggest that TRAPPIST-1 planets could be endowed with various volatiles today. First, we derived from N-body simulations possible planetary evolution scenarios, and show that all the planets are likely in synchronous rotation. We then used a versatile 3D global climate model (GCM) to explore the possible climates of cool planets around cool stars, with a focus on the TRAPPIST-1 system. We investigated the conditions required for cool planets to prevent possible volatile species to be lost permanently by surface condensation, irreversible burying or photochemical destruction. We also explored the resilience of the same volatiles (when in condensed phase) to a runaway greenhouse process. We find that background atmospheres made of N2, CO, or O2are rather resistant to atmospheric collapse. However, even if TRAPPIST-1 planets were able to sustain a thick background atmosphere by surviving early X/EUV radiation and stellar wind atmospheric erosion, it is difficult for them to accumulate significant greenhouse gases like CO2, CH4, or NH3. CO2can easily condense on the permanent nightside, forming CO2ice glaciers that would flow toward the substellar region. A complete CO2ice surface cover is theoretically possible on TRAPPIST-1g and h only, but CO2ices should be gravitationally unstable and get buried beneath the water ice shell in geologically short timescales. Given TRAPPIST-1 planets large EUV irradiation (at least ~103 × Titan’s flux), CH4and NH3are photodissociated rapidly and are thus hard to accumulate in the atmosphere. Photochemical hazes could then sedimentate and form a surface layer of tholins that would progressively thicken over the age of the TRAPPIST-1 system. Regarding habitability, we confirm that few bars of CO2would suffice to warm the surface of TRAPPIST-1f and g above the melting point of water. We also show that TRAPPIST-1e is a remarkable candidate for surface habitability. If the planet is today synchronous and abundant in water, then it should very likely sustain surface liquid water at least in the substellar region, whatever the atmosphere considered.

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