Carbon-based Supports in Microchannel Reactors for efficient conversion of biomass-derived syngas to liquid fuels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Udaya Bhaskar Reddy Ragula
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Microchannel Reactors ◽  
Carbon Based

Blue energy fuels: converting ocean wave energy to carbon-based liquid fuels via CO2 reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1300-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Fung Leung ◽  
Hui-Chun Fu ◽  
Maolin Zhang ◽  
Ali H. Hassan ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Carbon Based

Sequestering CO2 in the form of carbon-based liquid fuels would provide both a convenient and sustainable form of energy for practical use as well as mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Conversion of Xylose to Furfural in a Water–MIBK System Catalyzed by Magnetic Carbon-Based Solid Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (39) ◽  
pp. 17046-17056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Qi ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Cuiyi Liang ◽  
Jun Yue ◽  
Shuna Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Magnetic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Based

Highly efficient conversion of Kraft lignin into liquid fuels with a Co-Zn-beta zeolite catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 118429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Dou ◽  
Xiao Jiang ◽  
Wenzhi Li ◽  
Chaofeng Zhu ◽  
Qingchuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Beta Zeolite ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Highly Efficient

scholarly journals Nitrogenous Chemicals from Carbon Based Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fatih Demirbas
Keyword(s):  
Coal Tar ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Alkali Extraction ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Carbon Based

Coal and biomass consist carbon-based materials can be used as a source of chemicals. There are four widespread processes allow for making chemicals from coals and biomass: Gasification, liquefaction, direct conversion, and co-production of chemicals and fuels along with electricity. The carbon-based materials are gasified to produce synthesis gas (syngas) with a gasifier which is then converted to parafinic liquid fuels and chemicals by Fischer-Trops synthesis. The humus substances can be recovered from brown coal by alkali extraction. Ammonium sulfate from coal tar by pyrolysis can be converted to ammonia. Nitrogenous biomass materials such as animal and municipal wastes are nitrogen-rich materials. All natural systems include ammonia concentrations below 2 ppm.

Thermal Conductivity of Colloidal Suspensions of Jet Fuel and Carbon-Based Nanoparticles and its Effect on Evaporation Rate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghamari ◽  
Ahmed Aboalhamayie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Based

Recent studies have shown that addition of nano-sized particles to liquid fuels could significantly enhance major combustion characteristics such as burning rate and ignition delay. Colloidal suspensions are known to have enhanced optical properties and thermal conductivity compared to neat liquids; however, in the case of colloidal fuels, the main mechanism responsible for such enhanced properties is not well understood. To better understand these phenomena, colloidal suspensions of jet fuel and different types of carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoplatelets) prepared at different particle loadings were experimentally tested for their thermal conductivities. Colloidal suspensions of nanotubes showed higher conductivity compared to that of graphene and nanoparticle. This could justify higher burning rate of these fuels. Furthermore, and to differentiate between the effects of thermal conduction and radiation, droplet evaporations tests were carried out on colloidal suspensions of carbon nanoparticle under forced convection and in the absence of any radiation source. It was found that the presence of nanoparticle in jet fuel initially increases evaporation rate. However, a reduction in evaporation rate was observed at higher concentration as a result of particles agglomeration.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Materials for Oxidative Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Fuels: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Fernanda F. Roman ◽  
Jose L. Díaz de Tuesta ◽  
Adrián M. T. Silva ◽  
Joaquim L. Faria ◽  
Helder T. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Carbon Based

Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) are elements naturally found in petroleum-based fuels. S- and N-based compounds in liquid fuels are associated with a series of health and environmental issues. Thus, legislation has become stricter worldwide regarding their content and related emissions. Traditional treatment systems (namely hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation) fail to achieve the desired levels of S and N contents in fuels without compromising combustion parameters. Thus, oxidative treatments (oxidative desulfurization–ODS, and oxidative denitrogenation-ODN) are emerging as alternatives to producing ultra-low-sulfur and nitrogen fuels. This paper presents a thorough review of ODS and ODN processes applying carbon-based materials, either in hybrid forms or as catalysts on their own. Focus is brought to the role of the carbonaceous structure in oxidative treatments. Furthermore, a special section related to the use of amphiphilic carbon-based catalysts, which have some advantages related to a closer interaction with the oily and aqueous phases, is discussed.

SEM Cold Stage Techniques for the Observation of Vegetative and Floral Apices of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
B. K. Kirchoff ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Collapse ◽  
Conductive Paint ◽  
Carbon Based

In attempting to use the SEM to investigate the transition from the vegetative to the floral state in oat (Avena sativa L.) it was discovered that the procedures of fixation and critical point drying (CPD), and fresh tissue examination of the specimens gave unsatisfactory results. In most cases, by using these techniques, cells of the tissue were collapsed or otherwise visibly distorted. Figure 1 shows the results of fixation with 4.5% formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde followed by CPD. Almost all cellular detail has been obscured by the resulting shrinkage distortions. The larger cracks seen on the left of the picture may be due to dissection damage, rather than CPD. The results of observation of fresh tissue are seen in Fig. 2. Although there is a substantial improvement over CPD, some cell collapse still occurs.Due to these difficulties, it was decided to experiment with cold stage techniques. The specimens to be observed were dissected out and attached to the sample stub using a carbon based conductive paint in acetone.

Microscopic versus process parameters in heavy-oil upgrading

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
V.A. Munoz ◽  
R.J. Mikula ◽  
C. Payette ◽  
W.W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optical Texture ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Anisotropic Character ◽  
Planar Molecules

The transformation of high molecular weight components present in heavy oils into useable liquid fuels requires their decomposition by means of a variety of processes. The low molecular weight species produced recombine under controlled conditions to generate synthetic fuels. However, an important fraction undergo further recombination into higher molecular weight components, leading to the formation of coke. The optical texture of the coke can be related to its originating components. Those with high sulfur and oxygen content tend to produce cokes with small optical texture or fine mosaic, whereas compounds with relatively high hydrogen content are likely to produce large optical texture or domains. In addition, the structure of the parent chemical components, planar or nonplanar, determines the isotropic or anisotropic character of the coke. Planar molecules have a tendency to align in an approximately parallel arrangement to initiate the formation of the nematic mesophase leading to the formation of anisotropic coke. Nonplanar highly alkylated compounds and/or those rich in polar groups form isotropic coke. The aliphatic branches produce steric hindrance to alignment, whereas the polar groups participate in cross-linking reactions.

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