scholarly journals Carbon-Based Materials for Oxidative Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Fuels: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Fernanda F. Roman ◽  
Jose L. Díaz de Tuesta ◽  
Adrián M. T. Silva ◽  
Joaquim L. Faria ◽  
Helder T. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Carbon Based

Sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) are elements naturally found in petroleum-based fuels. S- and N-based compounds in liquid fuels are associated with a series of health and environmental issues. Thus, legislation has become stricter worldwide regarding their content and related emissions. Traditional treatment systems (namely hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation) fail to achieve the desired levels of S and N contents in fuels without compromising combustion parameters. Thus, oxidative treatments (oxidative desulfurization–ODS, and oxidative denitrogenation-ODN) are emerging as alternatives to producing ultra-low-sulfur and nitrogen fuels. This paper presents a thorough review of ODS and ODN processes applying carbon-based materials, either in hybrid forms or as catalysts on their own. Focus is brought to the role of the carbonaceous structure in oxidative treatments. Furthermore, a special section related to the use of amphiphilic carbon-based catalysts, which have some advantages related to a closer interaction with the oily and aqueous phases, is discussed.

An overview of conventional and alternative technologies for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerana Sikarwar ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Gosu ◽  
Verraboina Subbaramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Deep Desulfurization ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Alternative Processes

Abstract Environmental concerns have given a great deal of attention for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels. The conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process has high operating cost and also encounters difficulty in removing sulfur compound with steric hindrance. Consequently, various research efforts have been made to overcome the limitation of conventional HDS process and exploring the alternative technologies for deep desulfurization. The alternative processes being explored for the production of ultra-low-sulfur content fuel are adsorptive desulfurization (ADS), biodesulfurization (BDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), and extractive desulfurization (EDS). The present article provided the comprehensive information on the basic principle, reaction mechanism, workability, advantages, and disadvantages of conventional and alternative technologies. This review article aims to provide valuable insight into the recent advances made in conventional HDS process and alternative techniques. For deep desulfurization of liquid fuels, integration of conventional HDS with an alternative technique is also proposed.

Gender and belief factors on attitude towards Social and Environmental Accounting (SEA)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Salina Abdullah ◽  
Ern Chen Loo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Sustain Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Research on social and environmental accounting (SEA) has mainly concentrated on disclosure of SEA by corporate bodies, where investigations on ones attitude towards SEA are rarely discussed. SEA is a medium that develops relationships between business and society, community and nature. In addition, SEA involves a concept of sustain ability; where natural resources need to be sustained for the needs of future generations (Alhabshi et al., 2003). SEA also tries to recognise the role of accounting in sustainable development and the use of environmental resources. There are arguments that the young generations today are not fully aware of preserving these natural resources as well as handling social and environmental issues wisely. This perhaps link closely to their belief and cultural background. Hence, this paper examines the influence of gender and belief factors on the undergraduate students’ attitude towards SEA. Four dimensions of belief (fixed ability, quick learning, simple knowledge and certain knowledge) proposed by Schommer (2005) were adapted to analyse how belief factors have influence on their attitude towards SEA. An independent sample t-test was used to examine the relationship between gender and students’ attitude towards SEA. Spearmen’s correlation was employed to show the relationship between belief and attitude towards SEA. The results revealed that gender differences did not show influences on their attitude towards SEA. It was found that there is a significant relationship between belief and students’ attitude towards SEA. Students who believe on the importance of SEA tend to report positive attitude towards SEA. Perhaps findings of this study may provide some information on the SEA education and further be incorporated in the syllabus.

Role of Zeolites and Zeotypes in Green Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna S. Meshram ◽  
Devendra S. Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Specific Morphology

Abstract:: Now days, it is of utmost important to design synthetic methods; which can be utilized for the generation of substances that will minimize toxicity to health of human and the environment. The utilization of acid catalysts generates lots of corrosive and harmful wastes which has to be treated with appropriate alkalis. Hence, it generates lots of sludge and alarms environmental issues of its storage and disposal. Zeolites and Zeotypes; by virtue of their peculiar properties; such as specific morphology, porosity and residing acidity; attracting enormous attention as they replaces harmful acid catalysts efficiently and also reduces chemical waste in industrial process; Hence emerged as new plethora in the field of “Green Chemistry”.

scholarly journals Characterization of swelling behavior of carbon nano-filler modified polydimethylsiloxane composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110061
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Balakrishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Pierre Mertiny
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Carbon Based

Polymers may absorb fluids from their surroundings via the natural phenomenon of swelling. Dimensional changes due to swelling can affect the function of polymer components, such as in the case of seals, microfluidic components and electromechanical sensors. An understanding of the swelling behavior of polymers and means for controlling it can improve the design of polymer components, for example, for the previously mentioned applications. Carbon-based fillers have risen in popularity to be used for the property enhancement of resulting polymer composites. The present investigation focuses on the effects of three carbon-based nano-fillers (graphene nano-platelets, carbon black, and graphene nano-scrolls) on the dimensional changes of polydimethylsiloxane composites due to swelling when immersed in certain organic solvents. For this study, a facile and expedient methodology comprised of optical measurements in conjunction with digital image analysis was developed as the primary experimental technique to quantify swelling dimensional changes of the prepared composites. Other experimental techniques assessed polymer cross-linking densities and elastic mechanical properties of the various materials. The study revealed that the addition of certain carbon-based nano-fillers increased the overall swelling of the composites. The extent of swelling further depended on the organic solvent in which the composites were immersed in. Experimental findings are contrasted with published models for swelling prediction, and the role of filler morphology on swelling behavior is discussed.

scholarly journals Educating for the Environment: The Role of the Host Destination in Education Travel Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8351
Author(s):  
Brack W. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global South ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Educational Travel ◽  
Local Partnerships

The benefits from educational travel programs (ETPs) for students have been well-documented in the literature, particularly for programs looking at sustainability and environmental issues. However, the impacts the ETPs have on the destinations that host them have been less frequently considered; most of these studies focus, understandably, on destinations in the Global South. This paper draws on a framework of sustainable educational travel to examine how ETPs affect their host destinations in two case study destinations, based on the author’s professional experience in these locations, interviews with host organizations that use the lens of the pandemic, and information from government databases. The findings highlight an awareness of the sustainability of the destination, the importance of good, local partnerships with organizations well-connected in their communities, and educational activities that can benefit both students and hosts. Nonetheless, we have a long way to go to understand the full impacts of ETPs on their host destinations and thus truly learn to avoid them.

Science Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110067
Author(s):  
Soenke Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Science Diplomacy ◽  
The Cold War

Setting the stage for the special forum, this introduction points to the centrality of science diplomacy activities within many current foreign policy concepts around the world. It also points to the lack of historical perspective within many current academic debates about science diplomacy. Suggesting the value of such a perspective, the introduction then draws attention to a number of fruitful contributions that histories of science diplomacy may make to contemporary history. These include: a better understanding of how entanglements between science, foreign policy, and international relations evolved over the twentieth century; a refined understanding of the workings of foreign relations and diplomacy that sheds light on the role of science as an arena of foreign relations; new insights into the Cold War; a globalizing of perspectives in the writing of contemporary history; a new international focus on widely under-researched actors like universities, science movements, science organizations, and science academies; a focus on new themes that range from global environmental problems to issues like cultural heritage. The remainder of the introduction then delineates some of the shared assumptions and findings of the essays and then briefly introduces each contribution to the special section.

Enrichment of polymeric WOx species in WOx@SnO2 catalysts for ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 120036
Author(s):  
Antony Rajendran ◽  
Hong-Xia Fan ◽  
Tian-You Cui ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Wen-Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Liquid Fuels

scholarly journals “Our Victims Define Our Borders”: Commemorating Yugoslav Partisans in the Italo-Yugoslav Borderland

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
Borut Klabjan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives

This article is part of the special section titled From the Iron Curtain to the Schengen Area, guest edited by Wolfgang Mueller and Libora Oates-Indruchová. This article discusses local cultures of remembrance of Yugoslav partisans fallen during World War II in Trieste, now part of Italy, and investigates the role of memory activists in managing vernacular memory over time. The author analyses the interplay between memory and the production of space, something which has been neglected in other studies of memory formation. On the basis of local newspaper articles, archival material, and oral interviews, the essay examines the ideological imprint on the local cultural landscape, contributing to a more complex understanding of memory engagement. The focus is on grassroots initiatives rather than state-sponsored heritage projects. This article argues that memory initiatives are not solely the outcome of national narratives and top–down ideological impositions. It shows that official narratives have to negotiate with vernacular forms of memory engagement in the production of a local mnemonic landscape.

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