Derivation of Optimal Spatial Prices

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
M L Greenhut ◽  
H Ohta ◽  
J Greenhut
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Price Differentials ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Discriminatory Price

The price of a good prevailing at some local market point may or may not be identical to the price of that same good at another market point. Price differentials over regions depend in part upon the number and locations of firms which sell to these regions, and on the demand curves of buyers. The present paper evaluates the price policy of a firm selling over a set of linearly extended buying points. It derives the optimal spatial prices under alternative assumptions of consumer behavior and demand. It demonstrates mathematically as well as graphically that a spatial monopolist maximizes profits by subdividing his market into economic submarkets, utilizing fob mill prices for some submarkets, and optimal discriminatory prices for the remaining ones. Thus it explains the use of fob pricing over selected distances in a firm's market area notwithstanding the apparently greater profitability of a discriminatory price policy throughout a firm's market space.

scholarly journals Analysis of consumer behavior in a small size market entity: case study for Vlora District, Albania

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Kushta ◽  
Dode Prenga ◽  
Fatmir Memaj
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Significance Level

In standard econometric application all variables are analyzed statistically before being used in mathematical models. In this framework we considered non-stationary distribution as an starting procedure on the study of consumer behavior in a local market area whereof non-homogeneity of buyers and small size effect could be present. By evaluation of the degree of non-stationary of the actual state for particular variable as observed, we hope to be able to estimate and interpret the model outcomes. Assuming the non-stationary of variables as indicator of the overall stet itself, we argue that the state where observation were made is non-stationary too, and for that reason, models are expected to not fit well. In the other hand, by dropping the significance level in model fitting process we expect to count for this instability whereas the model remains valid. Herewith, the logistic model for consumer behavior in our system is applied and calculated using significance level 0.85-0.90. Under such limiting constraint assumption we identified the variables that mostly affected the proportion between expense categories and the characteristics of the expenses that mostly describe the market consumer behavior in the unity studied. We hope that methodically this procedure could be helpful for other similar market or socio-metric study as well.

IS Strategy at NZMilk

2011 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Paul Cragg ◽  
Bob McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Is Strategy ◽  
New Strategy

NZmilk is a small, fresh milk supplier that is contemplating using IS to a greater extent to become more competitive. Following deregulation of the industry in 1997, supermarkets and home delivery contractors could purchase milk from wherever they chose, rather than a required local manufacturer. This had opened up both competition and expansion opportunities within the industry. NZmilk recognised that they would have to fight hard to retain and increase their share of the market. They had already lost some of their local market to competitors coming in from outside their region, but had also gained a contract to supply Woolworths supermarkets outside their traditional market area. Improvements to production facilities and distribution systems were in place, but NZmilk knew that a fresh look at how they interacted with their customers would be needed. Their general manager was convinced that information systems had a greater role to play at NZmilk beyond just the accounting and order processing that was presently undertaken. A new direction in using information systems to support NZmilks rapid growth and new strategy was needed, but he was unsure of which way to proceed.

scholarly journals INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN, SULAWESI TENGGARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Muhammad Rafiy ◽  
Surianti Surianti
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Smoked Fish

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ketersediaan bahan baku dan skala pemasaran industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017 dan 2018 dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang didistribusikan kepada 21 responden pelaku usaha. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, serta Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Data diolah melalui analisis deskriptif dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan karena bahan baku bersumber dari potensi lokal, namun kelemahannya adalah bahan baku tersebut masih fluktuatif. Kendala bahan baku dialami khususnya oleh industri fermentasi, pengasapan, dan pengeringan ikan. Selain faktor musiman, ketersediaan bahan baku juga terkendala karena bahan baku sebagian besar berasal dari nelayan tradisional dengan struktur armada perikanan yang didominasi oleh nelayan skala kecil. Dengan demikian, pengembangan industri hasil perikanan mensyaratkan perbaikan di sektor hulu melalui sinergitas kebijakan penanganan keterbatasan bahan baku dari berbagai lembaga terkait. Sementara itu, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 24% unit usaha telah menembus pasar nasional. Ketersediaan bahan baku juga terkendala karena 28% telah menembus pasar regional, sisanya 48% hanya mampu memasarkan produknya di wilayah lokal. Kelompok industri yang hanya menjangkau skala lokal, yaitu industri pelumatan, pengasapan, dan pemindangan, serta beberapa usaha makanan olahan hasil perikanan. Bagi industri yang mengalami jangkauan pasar yang rendah akibat minimnya ketersediaan bahan baku, maka dapat menggunakan bahan baku pengganti namun tetap mempertahankan kualitas produk sesuai dengan selera pasar.Title: Fish Processing Industry in South Konawe Regency,  South East SulawesiThis study aimed to examine the availability of raw materials and the marketing scale of fish processing industry in South Konawe Regency. This research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 using primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from 21 respondents. Secondary data were collected from Statistics Indonesia, Fisheries and Marine Affairs Office, and Industry and Trade Affairs of South Konawe Regency. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results found that raw material from local sources is the major force of fish processing industry. However, the fluctuating condition of its availability becomes the weakness. Fermentation, smoked fish, and dried fish processing industries suffer from this raw material problems. In addition, the availability of raw materials also largely depends on fishing results from small-scale traditional fishers. Therefore, the development of the fish industries need some specific improvement in the upstream section through the synergy on policies regarding raw material management from related institutions. Meanwhile, the research finding showed that 24% of business units have penetrated national market 28% have penetrated regional market, while the remaining 48% have only penetrated local market. The local industries were pulverized, smoked fish, fish brine, and some other fish processing industries. Those who could only reach small market area due to limited availability of raw materials are able to use substitute materials in a similar quality of market preferences.

Business strategies used by Micro-SMEs in a Bangkok street market

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Business Practitioners

Purpose – This paper aims to report on research aimed at determining the nature of business strategies employed by micro small and medium-sized street vendors in a local market area in Bangkok. Design/methodology/approach – The research consisted of a longitudinal study of the defined research site, involving ethnographic interaction and observation mediated by the use of a research diary. Findings – The research found that the use of business strategies was quite limited and varied in line with the street vendor's relationships with other actors and business practitioners. Research limitations/implications – The research was deliberately limited in terms of space and is ongoing in terms of time. Additional areas of Bangkok will also be studied for comparative purposes. Practical implications – Street vending and markets offer valuable opportunities for informal employment and for part-time employment to provide additional income generation for the working poor. Vendors also help sustain a decent standard of living for migrant workers. Social implications – Street vending of this sort reflects the nature of underlying changes in urban life: the building of new mass transit routes, the opening of condominiums in place of shop houses and the flourishing of the frozen food industry. Many street vendors are mobile and flexible but not all of them. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on street vending and urban micro-entrepreneurs and will be of interest not just to scholars of business but also in planning for social policy and urban management.

scholarly journals VEGETABLE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN MARKET AREA OF JEMBER CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kukuh Iswahyudi ◽  
Henik Prayuginingsih ◽  
Syamsul Hadi ◽  
Risa M. Muliasari
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Market Area

Using Sport Sponsorship to Penetrate Local Markets: The Case of the Fast Food Industry

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cousens ◽  
Trevor Slack
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Fast Food Industry ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Significant Factors

Many owners of fast food franchises use sport sponsorship as a means of penetrating their local market area. The purpose of this paper is to examine how these franchisees make decisions about sponsorship requests that allow them to enhance their own position within their local market while at the same time ensuring the consistency and continuity of image that successful fast food chains require. Data were collected from interviews with representatives of 11 fast food companies, from articles in the trade literature, and from company documents. Ranging on a continuum from total franchisee control of decision making to a situation in which the autonomy of the local outlet is eliminated, three approaches to making decisions about sponsoring sport teams and events were identified: the independent approach, the communal approach, and the controlled approach. The structure and corporate culture of the restaurant chain are shown to be significant factors influencing the way decisions about sport sponsorship are made.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Local Versus Out-Of-State Grown Selected Fresh Produce: The Case of Knoxville, Tennessee

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Eastwood ◽  
John R. Brooker ◽  
Robert H. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
College Education ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Comparable Quality

AbstractConsumer behavior with respect to purchase regularity, satisfaction, origin, and willingness to pay for selected local versus non-Tennessee grown fresh produce is examined. Except for origin, consumer behavior with respect to the above is affected by income, household size and age distribution, race, age of respondent, college education, and occupation. The pattern of significant variables changed by commodity. Tomatoes, followed by peaches, had the greatest local market potential. Local promotion of other products may be more difficult. Results suggested consumers have no strong preferences for or against locally grown fresh produce. The prices of locally grown commodities in Knoxville should be less than or equal to those of comparable quality non-Tennessee commodities.

scholarly journals The Bullinger Pool in Burma, 1921 to the mid-1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Maria Serena Diokno
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Unfair Trade ◽  
Trade Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
Primary Advantage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rice Trade

One of the most important developments in the history of the rice trade of colonial Burma was the creation of the Bullinger Pool in 1921, a combination of four large British milling and export firms based on a common price policy for the purchase and sale of paddy and rice. These firms dominated the rice trade at a time when paddy was the “true currency” of the country [Binns 1948:50]: as the source of livelihood for the majority and the form of payment for rent, loans, and wages. The collective position of the four companies—Steel Bros. and Co., Ltd., Bulloch Bros. and Co., Ltd., Ellerman’s Arracan Rice and Trading Co., Ltd., and Anglo-Burma Rice Co., Ltd.—reached such magnitude in the rice trade that by the 1930s, the conglomerate had become the subject of a legislative inquiry and the object of organized Burmese protest. The accusation against the Pool was that it manipulated prices in order to rake in huge profits, especially at the time of economic depression in the early 1930s. Even if the allegations of what one today might consider unfair trade practice were officially dismissed, as they were, the paper demonstrates that the Pool’s primary advantage, especially its access to paddy supplies, was the cornerstone of its position in the rice trade, making any measure of control plausible at the least. Since the relationship between paddy and rice prices was crucial to the industry’s pricing mechanism, the existence of a combination to set prices for both paddy and rice in the local market made the industry vulnerable to manipulation.

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