Urban Residential Analysis: 2. Spatial Consumer Equilibrium

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Papageorgiou ◽  
H Mullally
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Continuous Space ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Residential Land Use ◽  
Additional Assumptions

Part 1 of this two-part series was concerned with the description and analysis of elements that transcend diverse urban structures of the ‘service’ type. The conclusions were general and abstract. Beyond this unified realm a more detailed description of urban form requires additional assumptions. The nature of such assumptions defines urban form within the confines of positive or normative analysis. Here the additional assumptions define spatial equilibrium within an ‘open’ city. Special cases of such equilibria have been studied extensively. In contrast part 2 develops the general case of a multicentre multiincome city. The properties of spatial-equilibrium bid-rent functions, their synthesis to a composite land-value surface, as well as the properties of this composite, are analyzed in section 1. The next section examines residential land-use patterns generated in a ‘service’ city. Such patterns turn out to be dramatically different from those of other urban types. Section 3 discusses the complex land-value and density surfaces that unfold over the landscape. Finally, section 4 provides what is probably the only analytically solved example of a spatial-equilibrium model related to a hierarchy of centres and to a continuous distribution of incomes over a continuous space.

Cellular Automata and Fractal Urban Form: A Cellular Modelling Approach to the Evolution of Urban Land-Use Patterns

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1175-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R White ◽  
G Engelen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Type Data ◽  
High Level

Cellular automata belong to a family of discrete, connectionist techniques being used to investigate fundamental principles of dynamics, evolution, and self-organization. In this paper, a cellular automaton is developed to model the spatial structure of urban land use over time. For realistic parameter values, the model produces fractal or bifractal land-use structures for the urbanized area and for each individual land-use type. Data for a set of US cities show that they have very similar fractal dimensions. The cellular approach makes it possible to achieve a high level of spatial detail and realism and to link the results directly to general theories of structural evolution.

Residential land use patterns and housing characteristics in Akure, Nigeria

Cities ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
J.Funso Olorunfemi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Residential Land Use

scholarly journals Domestic Cat Abundance and Activity Across a Residential Land Use Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F. P. Bennett ◽  
Brian S. Evans ◽  
J. Alan Clark ◽  
Peter P. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Residential Land Use ◽  
Free Ranging

Free-ranging domestic cats are a detriment to wildlife and humans by preying on native species and transmitting disease. As a result, removing free-ranging cats from the landscape has become a conservation and public health priority. Estimating cat population size with an unbiased sampling design, however, especially in human-dominated areas, is logistically challenging and rarely done. The lack of robust cat population sampling limits our understanding of where cats pose risks, which is important for evaluating management strategies, such as trap-remove or trap-neuter-return. We hypothesized that cat abundance and activity both depend on human land use and demographics. Using a network of sites participating in a community science program, we conducted transect and camera trap surveys to test predictions of cat population abundance and activity across a gradient of residential land use intensity. Both sampling methods determined that cat abundance was greatest in areas with intermediate human population density and lower educational attainment. Transect data also provided evidence that cat abundance was greatest at intermediate levels of impervious surface cover (e.g., road and buildings), while data from camera traps also showed that cat abundance was positively associated with household income. Using counts of cats observed on cameras, we found that the timing of cat activity varied depending on the degree of urban intensity. Cats were more strictly nocturnal in medium and high intensity residential land-use areas, possibly because a greater proportion of these cats are unowned or because they avoid human activity. These results suggest that transect surveys conducted during the day may undercount cats in urban environments where unowned free-ranging cats predominate. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of incorporating human demographics, land use patterns, and urban context in estimating the abundance of free-ranging cats to better inform management decisions and improve conservation outcomes.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban structures to challenge climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil CREANGA ◽  
Maria DUDA
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The City

Public spaces within the city in all their form of different types - streets, boulevards, squares, plazas, market places, green areas - are the backbone of cities. Over the centuries buildings defined the shape and quality of public spaces, valorising them in various ways. The post-modern development of urban form generated a great number of “urban spaces”, where there is no longer correspondence between architectural forms and social and political messages: shopping malls and theme parks, inner public spaces, strip developments etc. Urban sprawl accompanied by loss of agricultural/rural land and its impact on the environment are serious concerns for most cities over Europe. To strike the right balance between inner city regeneration, under-use of urban land in the old abandoned sites and the ecological benefits that accompany the new private business initiatives in suburban areas, is one of the major challenges confronting cities in Europe. The paper will analyze the complex relations between architecture and public space, in an attempt to understand how traditional urban structures, public and green spaces, squares and streets, could provide orientation for quality-oriented regeneration. Case in point is Bucharest - capital city of Romania - where aggressive intervention in the urban structure during the 1980s disrupted the fabric of the city. The investigation is oriented towards fundamental questions such as: how to secure and preserve sites that serve as initial points in upgrading processes, how to balance private investment criteria and the quality interests of the urban communities.The major aim is to provide a support for decision making in restoring the fundamental role of public urban space in shaping urban form and supporting community life.

Parking Spaces in the Age of Shared Autonomous Vehicles: How Much Parking Will We Need and Where?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2651 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Subhrajit Guhathakurta
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Era ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Parking Demand

The world is on the cusp of a new era in mobility given that the enabling technologies for autonomous vehicles (AVs) are almost ready for deployment and testing. Although the technological frontiers for deploying AVs are being crossed, transportation planners and engineers know far less about the potential impact of such technologies on urban form and land use patterns. This paper attempts to address those issues by simulating the operation of shared AVs (SAVs) in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, by using the real transportation network with calibrated link-level travel speeds and a travel demand origin–destination matrix. The model results suggest that the SAV system can reduce parking land by 4.5% in Atlanta at a 5% market penetration level. In charged-parking scenarios, parking demand will move from downtown to adjacent low-income neighborhoods. The results also reveal that policy makers may consider combining charged-parking policies with additional regulations to curb excessive vehicle miles traveled and alleviate potential social equity problems.

Urban Land-Use Patterns: An International Comparison

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Glickman ◽  
Michelle J White
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Spatial Change ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The 1960S

This paper performs a comparative analysis of urban form and metropolitan spatial change by use of estimates of population-density functions for samples of cities in the United States, Great Britain, West Germany, and Japan. We find widespread evidence of decentralization during the 1960s in cities in all countries except West Germany. Comparing small and large cities, we also find that central density levels are higher and density gradients flatter for larger cities in all four samples. Both of these results tend to verify the predictions of the standard urban economic models. However, contrary to these models, we find that cities in richer countries are not necessarily more decentralized than cities in countries with lower income levels.

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