Disablism, Planning, and the Built Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Imrie ◽  
P E Wells
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Uk

In the last decade access for disabled people to public buildings has become an important part of the political agenda. Yet, one of the main forms of discrimination which still persists against disabled people is an inaccessible built environment. In particular, statutory authorities have been slow to acknowledge the mobility and access needs of disabled people, and the legislative base to back up local authority policies remains largely ineffectual and weak. In this paper, the interrelationships between disability and the built environment are considered by focusing on the role of the UK land-use planning system in securing access provision for disabled people.

Public Choice Theory and the Politics of Urban Containment: Voter-Centred versus Special-Interest Explanations

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Planning System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Choice Theory ◽  
Urban Containment ◽  
British Planning

The policy of urban containment has lain at the heart of British land-use planning for over fifty years. The author examines the political dynamics underlying the commitment to this policy through the lens of public choice theory. The analysis suggests that macroelectoral shifts in favour of environmental protection have provided a push towards restrictive land-use planning and an emphasis on urban containment in recent years. Evidence of a ‘voluntary’ approach to regulation in other areas of environmental concern, however, suggests that the peculiar focus on containment is attributable to the political power exerted by a coalition of special interests and public sector bureaucrats who benefit most from this core of the British planning system.

The Changing Role of the Development Plan in Managing Spatial Change

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hull ◽  
G Vigar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Spatial Change ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The authors examine the role of development plans in managing spatial change, The impact of the enhanced status of the development plan in the UK context is assessed with the aid of research material drawn from detailed case studies in Lancashire and Kent. Two governance ‘episodes’ are highlighted: a highly structured game within the mainstream planning system; and an innovative private-sector-led approach to planning for an area with the potential for rapid change. By means of these two illustrations the authors indicate the importance of the processes of development-plan preparation in the local context, the political tensions inherent to the land-use planning system in managing growth, and explore notions of plans being a store of local consensus about future spatial change.

scholarly journals Land use planning as tool for sustainable development

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Anda Jankava ◽  
Maija Berzina ◽  
Krista Dobuma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning Project ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Analysis Of Results

The purpose of the article is to evaluate role of land use planning project (hereinafter - LUPP) specified in the legislation of Latvia in sustainable development of territory. In Land Use Planning Law adopted in 2006, LUPP is project for arrangement of territory and measures of improvement of land use conditions, for part of an administrative territory of local government, separate immovable property or land parcel, which is developed for exchange of land parcels or elimination of inter-areas, for reorganisation of land parcel boundaries, as well as for subdivision of land parcels. In Latvia for sustainable development of the territory, legislative acts of spatial development planning system have been adopted at several levels, from which for detailed arrangement of territory detailed plan should be developed. The detailed plan often includes reorganisation of land parcel boundaries, but legislation determines that detailed plan should be developed in territories specified in spatial plan, mainly before commencing new construction. The LUPP is not planning instrument for territory development and may be developed in territories in which regulatory framework do not provide development of detailed plan. However, in local governments it is relatively common that for areas intended, for example, for individual building, for subdivision of land parcels, LUPP rather than detailed plan has been choosen to develop. In order to clarify these concerns, the study carried out survey of specialists of local governments and the article summarises analysis of results about development of LUPP in relevant local governments, as well as, on the basis of relevant regulatory enactments, compared the objectives and conditions for development of LUPP and detailed plan.

Development of Risk Assessment Code Supplements for the UK Pipeline Codes IGE/TD/1 and PD 8010

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham D. Goodfellow ◽  
Jane V. Haswell ◽  
Rod McConnell ◽  
Neil W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Common View ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators Association (UKOPA) was formed by UK pipeline operators to provide a common forum for representing pipeline operators interests in the safe management of pipelines. This includes ensuring that UK pipeline codes include best practice, and that there is a common view in terms of compliance with these codes. Major hazard cross country pipelines are laid on 3rd party land, and in general have an operational life typically greater than 50 years. The land use in the vicinity of any pipeline will change with time, and buildings will be constructed adjacent to the pipeline route. This can result in population density and proximity infringements, and the pipeline becoming non-compliant with the code. Accordingly, a land use planning system is applied so that the safety of, and risk to, developments in the vicinity of major hazard pipelines are assessed at the planning stage. In the UK, the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) are statutory consultees to this process, and they set a quantitative risk-based consultation zone around major hazard pipelines, where the risks to people and developments must be assessed. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) requires expertise, and the results obtained are dependent upon consequence and failure models, input data, assumptions and criteria. UKOPA has worked to obtain cross-stakeholder agreement on how QRA is applied to land use planning assessments. A major part of the strategy to achieve this was the development of supplements for the UK design codes IGE/TD/1 and PD 8010, to provide authoritative and accepted guidance on the risk analysis of: i) Site specific pipeline details, for example increased wall thickness, pipeline protection (such as slabbing), depth of cover, damage type and failure mode, and ii) The impact of mitigation measures which could be applied as part of the development. The availability of this codified advice would ensure a standard and consistent approach, and reduce the potential for disagreement between stakeholders on the acceptability of proposed developments. This paper describes the guidance given in these code supplements in relation to consequence modelling, prediction of failure frequency, application of risk criteria, implementation of risk mitigation and summaries the assessment example provided.

No Wheelchairs Beyond this Point: A Historical Examination of Wheelchair Access in the Twentieth Century in Britain and America

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Watson ◽  
Brian Woods
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Wheelchair Users ◽  
Historical Examination

On the surface, the wheelchair appears a simple machine: its function seemingly apparent and its workings relatively uncomplicated. Yet, despite this apparent simplicity, the wheelchair is a complex artefact imbued with a myriad of social as well as technical relations that act simultaneously to exclude and include, confine and liberate, shape and be shaped. The wheelchair's inextricable links to injury and illness have certainly shaped its definition as a medical device. Such a definition has labelled the occupier as passive or ill and shaped a wider understanding of the machine as a prison. Wheelchair users, however, perceive the machine as a means to independence: it enables rather than disables. We present evidence here to suggest that this is not a recent phenomenon as we show how wheelchair access has been on the political agenda for disabled people for most of the twentieth century. The paper also examines the role of the wheelchair in the development of this movement, and we suggest that, as the design of the wheelchair improved, so the demand for better access increased. The final section of the paper looks at how poorly the state and its agents understood the issue of access.

Recovery and adaptation after wildfire on the Colorado Front Range (2010–12)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda H. Mockrin ◽  
Susan I. Stewart ◽  
Volker C. Radeloff ◽  
Roger B. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Land Use Regulations

Following the loss of homes to wildfire, when risk has been made apparent, homeowners must decide whether to rebuild, and choose materials and vegetation, while local governments guide recovery and rebuilding. As wildfires are smaller and more localised than other disasters, it is unclear if recovery after wildfire results in policy change and adaptation, decreasing assets at risk, or if recovery encourages reinvestment in hazard-prone areas. We studied three wildfires on the Colorado Front Range from 2010 to 2012 that each destroyed over 150 homes, describing policy response and characterising the built environment after wildfire. In each location, we found some adaptation, through better-mitigated homes and stronger building and vegetation mitigation standards, but also extensive reinvestment in hazard-prone environments, with governmental support. Despite suggestions that disaster can lead to substantial policy change and elevate the role of land-use planning, we saw only modest reforms: local governments did not revise land-use regulations; a statewide task force considered but did not require standards for building and vegetation mitigation; and only one jurisdiction strengthened its building and vegetation mitigation standards. Experiences in Colorado suggest that time after wildfire either does not provide extensive opportunities for adaptation in the built environment, or that these opportunities are easily missed.

scholarly journals The accountancy of marketisation: Fictional markets in housing land supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110615
Author(s):  
Quintin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Calculative Practices

This article investigates the performative role of accountancy in embedding market mechanisms in public services. Drawing on the work of Karl Polanyi, it argues that marketisation can be understood as a work of calculative modelling in which the fiction of a self-regulating market is propagated through the concealment of the social and political practices on which it depends. Exploring this thesis in the marketisation of housing land supply, the article provides a forensic study of an accountancy procedure called the Housing Delivery Test that modelled an ideal housing market in the English land-use planning system. The study points to the importance of Polanyi's analysis in theorising the performativity of calculative practices in the project of marketisation, not as creating the economy they describe but in fashioning a fictional market.

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