public choice theory
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2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert G. Wagner

Abstract It is striking that economists in particular firmly believe in the benefits of rule-binding, even though this belief runs counter to the standard assumption of economic theory that we humans are self-interested and therefore extremely resourceful when it comes to circumventing inconvenient government regulations, e.g. taxes. In Public Choice Theory, politicians are even assumed to have nothing but self-interest as their guiding motive for action. Why then, in this world of thought, should ultra-self-interested politicians of all people adhere to simple rules such as the debt brake instead of bypass them, if – as is also assumed in this model world all that matters to them is short-term electoral success, for which government debt can be helpful.


Public Choice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pennington

AbstractThis paper draws on the work of Michel Foucault and Friedrich Hayek to understand threats to personal and enterprise freedom, arising from public health governance. Whereas public choice theory examines the incentives these institutions provide to agents, the analysis here understands those incentives as framed by discursive social constructions that affect the identity, power, and positionality of different actors. It shows how overlapping discourses of scientific rationalism may generate a ‘road to serfdom’ narrowing freedom of action and expression across an expanding terrain. As such, the paper contributes to the growing literature emphasising the importance of narratives, stories and metaphors as shaping political economic action in ways feeding through to outcomes and institutions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110418
Author(s):  
David Froomkin ◽  
Ian Shapiro

Much early public choice theory focused on alleged pathologies of democratic legislatures, portraying them as irrational, manipulable, or subject to capture. Recent years have seen the emergence of a new strand of argument, reaffirming the old skepticism of legislatures but suggesting that transferring power from legislatures to chief executives offers a solution. Just as the earlier prescriptions ignored the pathologies of the agencies empowered to check and constrain legislatures, so the new scholarship overlooks the pathologies of executive power. The primary sources of congressional dysfunction call for reforms that would strengthen Congress instead of hobbling it in new ways that exacerbate the drift toward authoritarian presidentialism in the American system. Executive aggrandizement is a consequence of decades of institutional malfunction, worsened by right-wing attacks on legislative capacity. This has been the enduring impact of the public choice movement since the 1950s, but its twenty-first century offshoot is especially malign.


Author(s):  
Jacek Kulawik

Standardowym uzasadnieniem pojawiania się publicznych ubezpieczeń społecznych w teorii ekonomii i finansów jest występowanie niedoskonałości oraz niekompletności prywatnych rynków ubezpieczeniowych i ryzyka. Ujęcie to jednakże nie jest pełne, gdyż pomija jeszcze inne uwarunkowania, których objaśnienia umożliwia teoria wyboru publicznego. Przybliżenie ich jest głównym celem artykułu, który konkretyzuje się następnie w studium przypadku ubezpieczeń społecznych rolników w III RP. W pierwszej jego części przedstawia się kilka najbardziej reprezentatywnych definicji tej teorii oraz centralne w niej kategorie, a więc: zawodność państwa/rządu i jej formy; typy, źródła i konsekwencje nieefektywności polityków i administracji publicznej; funkcjonowanie grup interesu i związaną z nimi pogoń za rentą oraz polityczny cykl gospodarczy. Następnie przedstawia się krytykę teorii wyboru publicznego oraz próbami jej obrony. Jako rodzaj cząstkowego podsumowania tej części rozważań dalej analizuje się studium przypadku pt. „Ubezpieczenia społeczne rolników w III RP”. Dla porównania przedstawia się spojrzenie ekonomii neoklasycznej na powstanie i rozwój ubezpieczeń społecznych. Pomija się natomiast perspektywę ekonomii behawioralnej. Część druga artykułu poświęcona jest modelowaniu politycznoekonomicznemu, czyli szukaniu rozwiązań ze sfery ubezpieczeń społecznych, które równocześnie optymalizują cele polityczne oraz ekonomiczno-fiskalne. Najpierw omawia się dwa uzasadnienia dla pojawienia się i ekspansji ubezpieczeń społecznych. Następnie przedstawia się ten problem w konwencji hipotezy użyteczności oczekiwanej oraz koncepcji ją uogólniających i alternatywnych względem niej. W dalszej kolejności przechodzi się do zjawiska „populizmu w emeryturach” oraz wiarygodności publicznych i prywatnych systemów emerytalnych. W końcu podejmuje się problem optymalizacji kombinacji obydwu tych systemów oraz ich wielkości absolutnej i relatywnej. Praca dotyczy wprawdzie ryzyk społecznych, ale głównie koncentruje się na ryzyku starości.


Author(s):  
Thomas Kayzel

Public choice theory, an analysis of politics based on economic principles, is often considered to be one of the major innovations in economics and political sciences in the second half of the twentieth century. In its formulation by James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, public choice is commonly understood as one of the major theoretical building blocks in the development of neoliberal thought. It was also remarkably popular with economists and political scientists within the Dutch Labour Party (Partij van de Arbeid) in the mid-1970s. This latter fact is surprising since public choice was seemingly at odds with the Keynesian ideas around which the Labour Party had built its economic policy. This article investigates why and how public choice became popular in the Labour Party. In understanding the popularity of this theory, I will argue, it is important to see the popularity of neoliberal ideas not only in reaction to the economic tribulation of the period but also as a discussion on social planning and an expression of discontent with the democratization movement. Since the rise of neoliberalism in Dutch policymaking is often understood as coming from liberal and conservative channels, studying public choice within the Labour party will shed new light on the development of neoliberalism in the Netherlands.


2021 ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Sarnoff

This chapter seeks to situate some methodologies for research at the intersection of intellectual property (IP) law and environmental law within a broader context of methodological analyses that are brought to law and legal problems. These methodological forms include historical, doctrinal, theoretical, empirical (often economic, psychological, and sociological), and other types of analyses (including public choice theory and big data analyses). Both fields are situated within a broader context of legal understanding, which requires extensive familiarity with, among other things: (1) legislation and administrative regulation and practices; (2) individual and market behaviours; (3) how laws and regulatory actions affect those behaviours; and (4) the consequences of such legal and regulatory interventions. The chapter emphasizes the problem of selecting problems to study, the method of choosing research methods, and the solution to the lack of solutions to date for the identified problems. It provides personal examples of the (necessarily) idiosyncratic choices made along each of these dimensions. The chapter concludes that such choices invariably are based on personal values and theoretical commitments, which others in the relevant evaluative communities will invariably dispute and contest.


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