scholarly journals Do Pictures of Faces, and Which Ones, Capture Attention in the Inattentional-Blindness Paradigm?

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6049 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Devue ◽  
Cédric Laloyaux ◽  
Dorothée Feyers ◽  
Jan Theeuwes ◽  
Serge Brédart
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Photographic Stimuli ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Special Category

Faces and self-referential material (eg one's own name) are more likely to capture attention in the inattentional-blindness (IB) paradigm than other stimuli. This effect is presumably due to the meaning of these stimuli rather than to their familiarity [Mack and Rock, 1998 Inattentional Blindness (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)]. In previous work, IB has been investigated mostly with schematic stimuli. In the present study, the generalisability of this finding was tested with photographic stimuli. In support of the view that faces constitute a special category of stimuli, pictures of faces were found to resist more to IB than pictures of common objects (experiment 1) or than pictures of inverted faces (experiment 2). In a third experiment, the influence of face familiarity and identity (the participant's own face, a friend's face, and an unknown face) on IB rates was evaluated. Unexpectedly, no differential resistence to blindness across these three kinds of faces was found. In conclusion, pictures of faces attracted attention more than pictures of objects or inverted faces in the IB paradigm. However, this effect was not dependent on face familiarity or identity.

Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Carina Kreitz
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
Interindividuelle Unterschiede

Zusammenfassung. Wenn wir unsere Aufmerksamkeit einer Aufgabe zuwenden, nehmen wir Dinge, die währenddessen unerwartet auftauchen, häufig nicht bewusst wahr – obwohl sie unmittelbar in unserem Blickfeld erscheinen. Dieses Phänomen, das als Inattentional Blindness bezeichnet wird, kann fatale Konsequenzen in alltäglichen Situationen und auch einen ernstzunehmenden Einfluss auf sportliche Leistungen haben. In Ergänzung zu vorheriger Forschung zeigen meine eigenen Ergebnisse, dass eine Vielzahl situativer Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit, mit der Inattentional Blindness auftritt, beeinflussen können. Dazu zählen unter anderem bestimmte Eigenschaften des unerwarteten Objekts sowie Kontextfaktoren. Im Gegensatz dazu scheinen interindividuelle Unterschiede über die situativen Einflüsse hinaus kaum (oder zumindest nicht reliabel) vorherzusagen, ob Inattentional Blindness auftritt oder nicht. Während es also eine feste Wahrscheinlichkeit über alle Personen hinweg gibt, dass ein unerwartetes Objekt bemerkt wird (deterministischer Aspekt), kann anhand der Persönlichkeitsstruktur und der kognitiven Fähigkeiten dieser Personen nicht vorhergesagt werden, wer von ihnen das unerwartete Objekt entdecken wird und wer nicht (stochastischer Aspekt).

The Effects of Pointing out Failures of Inattentional Blindness on Performance and Situation Awareness

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dattel ◽  
Jason E. Vogt ◽  
Chelsea C. Sheehan ◽  
Kristen Madjic ◽  
Matthew C. Stefonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Inattentional Blindness

The Influence of the Unexpected Stimulus'Speed on Inattentional Blindness

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151
Author(s):  
Cheng-Zhi FENG ◽  
Xia FENG
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness

scholarly journals POLA PEMBENTUKAN GOROAWASE DALAM BAHASA JEPANG

IZUMI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ningrum Tresnasari
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Telephone Number ◽  
Email Address ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
Own Name ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

[Title: The formation of goroawase pattern in Japanese]Goroawase ( Japanese wordplay in number) is one of the phenomenon of language in japan.Goroawase can be defined as a language game that is widely used as a technique to memorize numbers or important numbers in Japan.This study aims to determine how the pattern formation of goroawase in Japanese. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method.Goroawase formed by means of use way read numbers in japanese to form a word which has a particular meaning. The formation of goroawase is divided into two types, there are derived from number into word and word into number. The formation of derived from numbers into a word generally used as a mnemonic ( memorizing techniques ) as in considering important years in Japan, mathematical formulas, and to remember the spesific of anniversary date.for example, the discovery of America , namely the year 1492 read as iyokuni. Goroawase which comes from the words into numbers is generally used as the making of a password , email address ( e-mail) or a private telephone number that can be customized with its own name or by words such desired aishiteru written words into 14 106 .

To See or Not to See

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Linda Hirsch ◽  
Christina Schneegass ◽  
Robin Welsch ◽  
Andreas Butz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Public Square ◽  
User Intentions

People visit public places with different intentions and motivations. While some explore it carefully, others may just want to pass or are otherwise engaged. We investigate how to exploit the inattentional blindness (IB) of indirect users in the design of public interfaces to apply to such diverse needs. Beginning with a structured literature study in the ACM Digital Library on IB, we analyzed 135 publications to derive design strategies that benefit from IB or avoid IB. Using these findings, we selected three existing interfaces for information presentation on a large public square and created two additional interfaces ourselves. We then compared users' perceptions through a self-reported photography study (N = 40). Participants followed one of four scripted profiles to imitate different user intentions, two for direct and two for indirect users. We hypothesized that direct users would recognize the interfaces, while indirect users would experience IB and ignore them. Our results show that direct users reported up to 68% of our interfaces, whereas indirect users noticed only 16%. Thus, IB can be exploited to hide interfaces from indirect users while keeping them noticeable to direct users.

scholarly journals Inhibitory and facilitatory effects of phonological and orthographic similarity on L2 word recognition across modalities in bilinguals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Frances ◽  
Eugenia Navarra-Barindelli ◽  
Clara D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Orthographic Similarity ◽  
Special Category

AbstractLanguage perception studies on bilinguals often show that words that share form and meaning across languages (cognates) are easier to process than words that share only meaning. This facilitatory phenomenon is known as the cognate effect. Most previous studies have shown this effect visually, whereas the auditory modality as well as the interplay between type of similarity and modality remain largely unexplored. In this study, highly proficient late Spanish–English bilinguals carried out a lexical decision task in their second language, both visually and auditorily. Words had high or low phonological and orthographic similarity, fully crossed. We also included orthographically identical words (perfect cognates). Our results suggest that similarity in the same modality (i.e., orthographic similarity in the visual modality and phonological similarity in the auditory modality) leads to improved signal detection, whereas similarity across modalities hinders it. We provide support for the idea that perfect cognates are a special category within cognates. Results suggest a need for a conceptual and practical separation between types of similarity in cognate studies. The theoretical implication is that the representations of items are active in both modalities of the non-target language during language processing, which needs to be incorporated to our current processing models.

scholarly journals The cognitive advantage for one’s own name is not simply familiarity: An eye-tracking study

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Yang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Nianjun Gu ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Guang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Own Name

scholarly journals Self-referential false associations: A self-enhanced constructive effect for verbal but not pictorial stimuli

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110097
Author(s):  
Jianqin Wang ◽  
Henry Otgaar ◽  
Mark L Howe ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Condition ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Self Reference

Memory is considered to be a flexible and reconstructive system. However, there is little experimental evidence demonstrating how associations are falsely constructed in memory, and even less is known about the role of the self in memory construction. We investigated whether false associations involving non-presented stimuli can be constructed in episodic memory and whether the self plays a role in such memory construction. In two experiments, we paired participants’ own names (i.e., self-reference) or the name “Adele” (i.e., other-reference) with words and pictures from Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) lists. We found that (1) participants not only falsely remembered the non-presented lure words and pictures as having been presented, but also misremembered that they were paired with their own name or “Adele,” depending on the referenced person of related DRM lists; and (2) there were more critical lure–self associations constructed in the self-reference condition than critical lure–other associations in the other-reference condition for word but not for picture stimuli. These results suggest a self-enhanced constructive effect that might be driven by both relational and item-specific processing. Our results support the spreading-activation account for constructive episodic memory.

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