Successive versus Simultaneous Processes in the Recognition of Visual Patterns

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 361-361
Author(s):  
A Soliuñas ◽  
O Guriniene
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Test Pattern ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Recognition Probability ◽  
Simultaneous Process

In earlier experiments with known nonverbal figures that subjects had to memorise, we found that, at the beginning of practice, recognition probability fell with increasing number of elements in a figure. Thus, the recognition process obeyed the principle of successiveness (Guriniene, 1993 Perception22 Supplement, 50 – 51). In order to localise the successiveness at the lower levels of visual information processing, we investigated how the recognition probability for unknown patterns depended on their complexity. Test patterns were nonverbal geometrical figures consisting of four, five, six, seven, or eight vertical and horizontal line-segments. The sequence of each trial was as follows: a sound signal for attention fixation; the test pattern (10 ms); an individually determined interstimulus interval (20 – 125 ms); the masking pattern (200 ms); a pause (0 s, 0.5 s, 1.5 s, 2.5 s, or 4.5 s); three sample patterns. Subjects were asked to identify which one of the three sample patterns presented was the test figure. No dependence of the recognition probability of unknown figures on their complexity was found. We suppose that, in our experimental situation, the feature extraction from the stimulus is a simultaneous process, but the matching of extracted features with information from long-term memory is carried out successively.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

Long-term memory of haptic and visual information in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Cyntia Diógenes Ferreira ◽  
Maria José Nunes Gadelha ◽  
Égina Karoline Gonçalves da Fonsêca ◽  
Joenilton Saturnino Cazé da Silva ◽  
Nelson Torro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

Lorazepam: A New Tool to Study the Processing of Discontinuities

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
A Giersch ◽  
M Boucart
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Perceptual Integration ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

The involvement of GABAA in the computation of visual information has been suggested in numerous electrophysiological studies. It might play a role, in particular, in the generation of the responses of hypercomplex cells involved in the processing of discontinuities. Benzodiazepines like lorazepam enhance the fixation of GABA on the GABAA receptor. We tested the hypothesis that lorazepam enhances the detection of discontinuities, with static stimuli composed of horizontal line-segments. There were four types of stimuli, with (1) collinear and discontinuous, (2) collinear and continuous, (3) parallel and discontinuous, and (4) parallel and continuous elements. A stimulus was presented on each trial in the centre of a computer screen for 160 ms. The task was to decide whether the stimulus was continuous or discontinuous. Response was given on two response keys. The results showed that lorazepam-treated subjects were faster at detecting a discontinuity when the stimulus included two aligned line-segments (− −) as compared to two parallel line-segments (=). Placebo-treated subjects displayed equivalent performance in the two conditions. These results support the hypothesis that lorazepam enhances responses to line-ends. They are consistent with previous results, obtained with static drawings, letters, fragmented squares, and dynamic stimuli. Lorazepam might be a useful tool to investigate visuo-perceptual integration processes and to link experimental psychology and electrophysiology.

scholarly journals Memory-based Decision-making with Heuristics: Evidence for a Controlled Activation of Memory Representations

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3540-3554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Khader ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Stefanie Meier ◽  
Siegfried Bien ◽  
Kerstin Jost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Memory Representations

Many of our daily decisions are memory based, that is, the attribute information about the decision alternatives has to be recalled. Behavioral studies suggest that for such decisions we often use simple strategies (heuristics) that rely on controlled and limited information search. It is assumed that these heuristics simplify decision-making by activating long-term memory representations of only those attributes that are necessary for the decision. However, from behavioral studies alone, it is unclear whether using heuristics is indeed associated with limited memory search. The present study tested this assumption by monitoring the activation of specific long-term-memory representations with fMRI while participants made memory-based decisions using the “take-the-best” heuristic. For different decision trials, different numbers and types of information had to be retrieved and processed. The attributes consisted of visual information known to be represented in different parts of the posterior cortex. We found that the amount of information required for a decision was mirrored by a parametric activation of the dorsolateral PFC. Such a parametric pattern was also observed in all posterior areas, suggesting that activation was not limited to those attributes required for a decision. However, the posterior increases were systematically modulated by the relative importance of the information for making a decision. These findings suggest that memory-based decision-making is mediated by the dorsolateral PFC, which selectively controls posterior storage areas. In addition, the systematic modulations of the posterior activations indicate a selective boosting of activation of decision-relevant attributes.

scholarly journals Working memory is not fixed capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than simple stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Brady ◽  
Viola S. Störmer ◽  
George Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Active Storage ◽  
Working Memory Models

Visual working memory is the cognitive system that holds visual information active to make it resistant to interference from new perceptual input. Information about simple stimuli – colors, orientations – is encoded into working memory rapidly: in under 100ms, working memory ‘fills up’, revealing a stark capacity limit. However, for real-world objects, the same behavioral limits do not hold: with increasing encoding time, people store more real-world objects and do so with more detail. This boost in performance for real-world objects is generally assumed to reflect the use of a separate episodic long-term memory system, rather than working memory. Here we show that this behavioral increase in capacity with real-world objects is not solely due to the use of separate episodic long-term memory systems. In particular, we show that this increase is a result of active storage in working memory, as shown by directly measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using EEG. These data challenge fixed capacity working memory models, and demonstrate that working memory and its capacity limitations are dependent upon our existing knowledge.

scholarly journals Visuospatial Bootstrapping

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Darling ◽  
Richard J. Allen ◽  
Jelena Havelka
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Recall ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Single Location

Visuospatial bootstrapping is the name given to a phenomenon whereby performance on visually presented verbal serial-recall tasks is better when stimuli are presented in a spatial array rather than a single location. However, the display used has to be a familiar one. This phenomenon implies communication between cognitive systems involved in storing short-term memory for verbal and visual information, alongside connections to and from knowledge held in long-term memory. Bootstrapping is a robust, replicable phenomenon that should be incorporated in theories of working memory and its interaction with long-term memory. This article provides an overview of bootstrapping, contextualizes it within research on links between long-term knowledge and short-term memory, and addresses how it can help inform current working memory theory.

The Cognitive Informatics Theory and Mathematical Models of Visual Information Processing in the Brain

2011 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Visual Frame ◽  
Cognitive Principles ◽  
The Brain

It is recognized that the internal mechanisms for visual information processing are based on semantic inferences where visual information is represented and processed as visual semantic objects rather than direct images or episode pictures in the long-term memory. This article presents a cognitive informatics theory of visual information and knowledge processing in the brain. A set of cognitive principles of visual perception is reviewed particularly the classic gestalt principles, the cognitive informatics principles, and the hypercolumn theory. A visual frame theory is developed to explain the visual information processing mechanisms of human vision, where the size of a unit visual frame is tested and calibrated based on vision experiments. The framework of human visual information processing is established in order to elaborate mechanisms of visual information processing and the compatibility of internal representations between visual and abstract information and knowledge in the brain.

scholarly journals Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than for simple stimuli

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (27) ◽  
pp. 7459-7464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Brady ◽  
Viola S. Störmer ◽  
George A. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Active Storage ◽  
Working Memory Models

Visual working memory is the cognitive system that holds visual information active to make it resistant to interference from new perceptual input. Information about simple stimuli—colors and orientations—is encoded into working memory rapidly: In under 100 ms, working memory ‟fills up,” revealing a stark capacity limit. However, for real-world objects, the same behavioral limits do not hold: With increasing encoding time, people store more real-world objects and do so with more detail. This boost in performance for real-world objects is generally assumed to reflect the use of a separate episodic long-term memory system, rather than working memory. Here we show that this behavioral increase in capacity with real-world objects is not solely due to the use of separate episodic long-term memory systems. In particular, we show that this increase is a result of active storage in working memory, as shown by directly measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using EEG. These data challenge fixed-capacity working memory models and demonstrate that working memory and its capacity limitations are dependent upon our existing knowledge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document