PETROLEUM RESOURCE RENT TAX AND THE NEW FRONTIERS

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
C.A. Harne ◽  
J.A. Vinet ◽  
A.H. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Petroleum Resource

The Resource Rent Tax in (RRT) Australia evolved in the late 1970s in a climate of scarcity of world oil and perception of rising oil prices for the next decade and beyond. In the 1990s, where countries are fiercely competing for export markets, many of the fundamental assumptions which underscored the evolution of the tax in Australia are no longer appropriate. The petroleum industry has consistently tendered reasons for the inappropriateness of the tax in certain circumstances. It is essential for Government to reconsider fundamental assumptions underlying the RRT if Australian producers are to remain competitive exporters of oil and gas.

Getting the message across—taxation contribution of the petroleum industry in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Carlo Franchina ◽  
Rod Henderson ◽  
Praneel Nand
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oecd Country ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
The Common ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

With the global move towards tax transparency reporting measures, resource companies face challenges in ensuring that reporting captures the full extent of revenues contributed by resource companies and also correctly reports the project and profitability life cycles of resource companies. This extended abstract focuses on the global tax transparency debate and highlights the challenges for large Australian and global oil and gas businesses in demonstrating their payment of their fair share of tax and contributing to the communities in which they operate. Issues to be covered include: A summary of the revenue contribution of oil and gas companies in Australia through the layers of taxation, such as state royalties, the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and corporate income taxes. Highlighting the types and rates of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies compared to other selected countries. A comparison of the concessions granted to Australian oil and gas companies to other countries. A historical summary of taxes paid by Australian oil and gas companies. A summary of existing and developing transparency reporting, such as the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) reporting of taxpayers with revenues more than A$100 million, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Dodd Frank rules, OECD country-by-country reporting, and BEPS developments. Recommendations to get the message across; that is, what should be the common ground on reporting the actual overall global tax liability including income tax, resource taxes, employment taxes and indirect taxes.

What Does Rent Give to Federal Budget (on the Russia's Budget Dependence upon "Oil Dollars")

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharipova ◽  
I. Tcherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

Federal tax revenues from the main sectors of the Russian economy after the 1998 crisis are examined in the article. Authors present the structure of revenues from these sectors by main taxes for 1999-2003 and prospects for 2004. Emphasis is given to an increasing dependence of budget on revenues from oil and gas industries. The share of proceeds from these sectors has reached 1/3 of total federal revenues. To explain this fact world oil prices dynamics and changes in tax legislation in Russia are considered. Empirical results show strong dependence of budget revenues on oil prices. The analysis of changes in tax legislation in oil and gas industry shows that the government has managed to redistribute resource rent in favor of the state.

GREENHOUSE GAS ISSUES—ONE FOR THE AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE?

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
J.H. Murray ◽  
E.A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Tax Relief

In the 21st century we are constantly bombarded with issues on the need to do more to protect the environment and deal with greenhouse gas issues. The petroleum industry world-wide has come under fire for the emissions produced as a by-product of the petroleum refining industry and all primary producers and refiners must develop strategies to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. While it is probably fair to say Australia’s appetite for production and consumption of natural gas or LNG is much more environmentally friendly than the days of fossil fuel sources such as coal, there is still a long way to go to minimise emissions in the industry.Global oil and gas companies operating in Australia are leading the way to develop ways to reduce greenhouse emissions. Two examples are Gorgon joint venture plans for carbon dioxide sequestration for its gas development project and perhaps BHP Billiton’s comments that it sees potential for similar sequestration into coal seams onshore Australia in Queensland, South Australia or New South Wales.The costs of projects to re-use or re-inject or sequestrate greenhouse gases are likely to be significant. But are these operating costs of the taxpaying entities in question and would they qualify for tax relief for income tax or petroleum resource rent tax purposes? This paper looks at some of the projects now underway in Australia to reduce greenhouse emissions in the petroleum sector and assesses whether the type of costs likely to be incurred in such projects might qualify for tax relief under existing legislation.

Contemporary fiscal issues impacting M&A in the oil and gas sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wee
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Australian Economy ◽  
To Come ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

Ongoing growth in deal activity in the oil and gas industry is one of the critical forces underpinning the sustained robustness of the Australian economy. Australian oil and gas assets continue to attract significant international interest and are actively pursued by global and domestic investors alike. On the supply side, exploration players are seeking the necessary funding and technical support to commercialise prospective oil and gas discoveries, while on the demand side, major established oil and gas companies are seeking to acquire viable targets as a means of rapidly replenishing their reserves. Consequently, merger and acquisition (M&A) deals and asset trades have become a regular feature of the corporate oil and gas scene in Australia. In time to come, a wave of industry consolidation is likely to emerge. This paper discusses key fiscal aspects of M&A transactions, as affected by recent developments in the Australian taxation landscape, and their impact on the overall economics of, and extracting value from, an investment in the oil and gas sector, including: the taxation of farm-in/farm-out arrangements, asset swaps and carry arrangements; structuring the deal consideration for fiscal efficiency; takeover and acquisition vehicle structures; the M&A issues associated with the extension of the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) to the onshore oil and gas industry; consideration associated with capital management, capital structure and financing trends for the industry; exit and repatriation routes—do all roads lead to tax?; managing transaction costs; and, managing tax risks in M&A deals.

Tax issues impacting acquisitions in the Australian oil and gas industry

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Chad Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Petroleum Resource

Understanding the tax implications and structuring options of a transaction is critical when assessing and comparing new opportunities. When undertaking any transaction involving Australian oil and gas assets, the applicable taxation regime should be carefully explored and understood. From an Australian perspective, taxes such as corporate income tax, petroleum resource rent tax, capital gains tax, and goods and services tax have significant potential to influence the investment decision. This presentation will focus on the tax implications applicable to the acquisition and disposal of Australian oil and gas assets, providing valuable insights for both Australian companies and inbound investors.

Unitisation of petroleum project interests

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Wee Kenneth
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gains Tax ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiscal Implications

Traditionally, the unitisation of oil and gas project interests involved the exchange of legal ownership interests between project proponents to achieve uniformity of their licence interests across the project. Recently, more contemporary and creative forms of unitisation have emerged including economic, beneficial and contractual unitisation approaches that do not necessarily involve the transfer of legal title interests. Unitisation is a way of pooling resources to improve the likelihood of an economically viable project for participants and to overcome practical challenges resulting from uneven interests in the component parts of a broader project. In some cases, unitisation is the catalyst for project sanction. Achieving agreement and alignment on the most equitable unitisation outcome, including the valuation of the relative resource base and ownership stakes, is not easy. It involves navigating a myriad of legal, commercial, operational and financial considerations. A project residing in both federal and state waters can add increasing layers of complexity due to the interaction between overlapping federal and state jurisdictional and taxing rights. This extended abstract discusses key issues arising in various unitisation models and considers the associated fiscal implications from income tax, capital gains tax, petroleum resource rent tax and royalty perspectives. It also examines the government’s announced tax measures for dealing with the swapping of interests or interest realignments resulting in a common development project and the impact and effectiveness of these rules on unitisation arrangements.

The petroleum resource rent tax (PRRT) and the economics of an oil and gas project

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Carlo Franchina ◽  
Ben Opie
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Contract Negotiation ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Key Drivers

When thinking about the key drivers of project value, the PRRT profile of a petroleum project may not be top of mind for non-tax teams. As a 40% tax on the upstream activities of a petroleum project, however, the PRRT can significantly impact on project NPV and non-tax teams can play an important role in optimising the PRRT profile of a project. For finance and legal teams, this may be as part of the due diligence, modelling, and contract negotiation phase of acquiring or disposing of an interest in a project. Operational and technical teams can play an important role in helping tax teams to understand a project so that they can apply tax technical concepts; for example, in determining the characterisation of expenditure. Properly substantiating PRRT expenditure is also of critical importance; finance, IT, commercial, and operational teams should be involved in developing systems that capture the information tax teams require to be able to quantify and evidence PRRT deductions. This extended abstract focuses on the practical ways in which non-tax teams can help optimise the PRRT profile and, in turn, the NPV of a petroleum project.

Review of Australia's Petroleum Resource Rent Tax: Implications from a Case Study of the Gorgon Gas Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Kraal
Keyword(s):  
Oil Prices ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Business Investment ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
New Business ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Fiscal Regime

Australia has welcomed new business investment of $200 billion for integrated gas projects. However lower than expected tax receipts have tempered the early optimism of project benefits. In particular, petroleum resource rent tax (PRRT) revenues since the 2002–03 financial year have fallen. These reduced revenues have raised concerns about the effectiveness of petroleum taxation in Australia and pressured the Australian Government to call for a review of the PRRT in late 2016. Examined are the modifications necessary to the petroleum fiscal regime to address one of the PRRT Review's aims of providing an equitable return to the Australian community. Findings from a case study of an operational gas project include the need for PRRT modifications, and the addition of royalties for particular integrated natural gas projects in Commonwealth waters. The article is significant for its unique overview of Australia's petroleum taxation since the fall in oil prices from mid-2014 and the rise of gas export projects. This interdisciplinary and empirical research forms an important contribution to the current Commonwealth PRRT Review through its recommendations for change to the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax Assessment Act 1987 (Cth). It calls for more uniform federal legislation for the taxation of petroleum resource projects.

PESA 2014 business review

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Jonathon Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Export Policies ◽  
Gas Supply

This review looks back at 2014 from a business context and considers where the Australian petroleum industry will be placed in 2015. Globally, there were a number of major developments in 2014. These included new supply sources (e.g. PNG LNG), exploration successes (e.g. Brazil), and evolving energy export policies that have been set to change the market (e.g. US, OPEC). Russia agreed to a major gas supply agreement with China, and access to talent remained an issue. In Australia, there were a number of developments that shaped the business agenda, including: Capital projects—Prelude, QCLNG, and many others—achieved major milestones such as first LNG production. There were ongoing cost increases in capital projects. From a tax perspective, the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) was not renounced, and a decision was made on Browse royalties. Operators were busy with commissioning teams and preparing to operate new assets. Boards debated capital management, notably the AU$200 billion of projects in pre-FID and asset divestments. Exploration, notably for onshore east coast regulations in NSW and Victoria. The opening of the Wallumbilla gas supply hub in Queensland, in March 2014. 2015 will be an important period for the industry in Australia. For instance, the price of oil will be under pressure due to the changing global market forces for energy. Operators will have to work hard in 2015 as they commission large new facilities, reduce costs, and improve plant reliability. Also, the regulatory agenda will be focused on exploration, and balancing domestic and export market forces.

Shining the spotlight on the petroleum resource rent tax

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wee
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Resource Taxation

The petroleum resource rent tax (PRRT), a 40% profits-based upstream tax that applies to Australian oil and gas projects, has come under significant scrutiny as to its effectiveness in providing an appropriate return to the community for the exploitation of Australia’s petroleum resources. The April 2017 independent Callaghan review into the design and operation of the PRRT found that it remained the preferred way of achieving a fair return to the community from petroleum exploration and recovery, without discouraging investment into the sector. However, the Callaghan review recommended possible changes to the regime to improve its sustainability and compatibility with the current state of the industry, while ensuring fiscal stability for existing investments. In response to the findings and recommendations of the Callaghan review, Australian Treasury embarked on a consultation process to investigate potential reform options to the PRRT. Government has yet to announce its decision on the way forward. What the future holds for the PRRT and the consequential impact on existing and new or proposed projects remain to be seen pending the Government’s chosen policy direction. This paper covers the following: • a survey of the economic rent theory underpinning the framework of the PRRT regime, including its pros and cons compared with other forms of resource taxation • a review of key recent developments in the administration and interpretation of the PRRT law, and • how the PRRT regime is anticipated to change and the associated repercussions on the after-tax economics and practical compliance for existing and future projects.

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