scholarly journals Enhancement of genetic diversity in canola-quality Brassica napus and B. juncea by interspecific hybridisation

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Schelfhout ◽  
J. M. Wroth ◽  
G. Yan ◽  
W. A. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Canola Quality

Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica napus cv. Mystic (canola) and B. juncea JN29 (near canola quality). The F1 hybrids were selfed and backcrossed in all possible combinations to parent plants. The greatest number of selfed fertile progeny were obtained when Mystic was the maternal parent, and its F1 was most successful in backcrosses to Mystic or JN29 as maternal or paternal parent. The predominant morphological type of fertile progeny was B. napus, but several B. juncea morphological types occurred in F2 and BC1-derived lines. F2 : 3 and BC1S0 : 1 progeny showed transgressive segregation for agronomic and seed quality traits in two contrasting field environments. Several of the B. juncea-type progeny had improved seed quality (lower total seed glucosinolates and higher % oleic acid) over the B. juncea parent. Selfing of interspecific hybrids between canola-quality B. napus and B. juncea has the potential to greatly enhance genetic diversity in canola-quality progeny of both species, without the loss of donor alleles that normally occurs with repeated backcrossing.

Genetic diversity of Canadian elite summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from the pre- to post-canola quality era

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y -B. Fu ◽  
R K Gugel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Canola Quality

The development of canola quality Brassica napus oilseed cultivars was a major achievement of Canadian public oilseed breeding programs. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to assess the genetic diversity of 300 plants representing one landrace introduced from Argentina in 1943, seven Canadian elite cultivars developed and released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada since 1954, and two European cultivars that were the source of the low erucic acid and low glucosinolate traits that define canola quality. Application of 22 SSR primer pairs from eight linkage groups detected 88 polymorphic alleles from 33 likely loci. The allelic frequencies in 300 samples ranged from 0.003 to 0.993 and averaged 0.388. The estimates of mean heterozygosity for these cultivars ranged from 0.055 to 0.203 and averaged 0.139. The most SSR variation was detected in the cultivars Argentine, Golden and Oro. A trend of decline in SSR variation was observed over the years of breeding effort. The proportion of total SSR variation residing among the cultivars was 51.4%; between high vs. low erucic acid cultivars 15% and between high vs. low glucosinolate cultivars 21.2%. Pairwise genetic differentiations among these cultivars ranged from 0.140 to 0.819 and averaged 0.500. Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic relationships of these cultivars were consistent with their known pedigrees. These findings are useful for broadening the genetic base of improved B. napus gene pools, selecting genetically diverse genotypes for hybrid combinations, and conserving summer rape germplasm.Key words: Simple sequence repeat, summer rape, Brassica napus, genetic diversity, genetic relationship, genetic structure

Glucosinolate profiles of Australian canola (Brassica napus annua L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars: implications for biofumigation

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
M. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Canola Quality

The glucosinolate (GSL) profiles in root, shoot, and seed tissues of 22 Australian canola (Brassica napus) and 15 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) entries were measured in the field. The Indian mustard lines included 12 low seed GSL lines from a breeding program aimed at producing canola-quality B. juncea cultivars and 3 high seed GSL condiment cultivars. The aromatic glucosinolate, 2-phenylethyl GSL, was the major GSL found in the roots of both species although Indian mustard also contained 2-propenyl GSL in the roots. The concentration of glucosinolates in the roots varied from 5 to 35 µmol/g in B. napus, from 2.5 to 25 µmol/g in low seed GSL B. juncea, and from 10 to 21 µmol/g in high seed GSL B. juncea, but was not correlated with seed glucosinolate concentrations in either species. Breeding for low seed GSLs in Indian mustard reduced the concentration of 2-propenyl GSL in both root and shoot tissues, but levels of 2-phenylethyl GSL in the roots were unaffected. The results indicate that high yielding and agronomically adapted varieties of both species could be developed with higher levels of root GSL for enhanced biofumigation potential without compromising seed quality. The GSLs which liberate isothiocyanates on hydrolysis were found primarily in the taproot and larger lateral roots (>2 mm) of both species, whereas younger fine roots (<2 mm diameter) had higher levels of indolyl GSLs. Correlations between root GSLs and susceptibility of brassicas to root pests and pathogens will need to take account of these differences in GSL profiles among different root classes.

Changes in the fatty acids in seeds of interspecific hybrids between Brassica napus and Brassica juncea

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. M. Iqbal ◽  
S. R. Weerakoon ◽  
H. D. N. Geethanjalie ◽  
P. K. D. Peiris ◽  
O. V. D. S. J. Weerasena
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Parental Values ◽  
Canola Quality

Mustard (Brassica juncea) accessions from Sri Lanka have a fatty acid profile (FAP) dominated by the undesired erucic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to develop B. juncea lines with canola-quality FAP, carrying reduced erucic acid (<1%) and increased oleic acid (>50%). To improve the FAP, B. juncea accessions were hybridised with spring-type canola (B. napus) varieties grown in Australia. Interspecific crosses between three B. napus cultivars (♂) and B. juncea accessions (♀) gave crossability of 50–65%. Embryo culturing on Lichter medium overcame post-germination barriers to obtain F1 plants. Culturing of ovules 21 days after pollination was successful and embryos were independent of hormones in the culture medium and directly developed into plants. Seeds of interspecific hybrids had a FAP different from parental values, particularly for oleic and erucic acids. The low oleic acid (13%) in B. juncea increased to 23–26% in hybrids and high erucic acid in B. juncea (41%) declined to 21–23% in hybrids. Linoleic and linolenic acids showed little variation from parental values. FAP of F1 hybrids shifted towards that of canola quality. The F2 seeds had zero erucic acid and high oleic acid similar to or exceeding the canola parent. Successful interspecific hybridisation of B. juncea and B. napus was confirmed by altered FAP and molecular markers. Embryo rescue in interspecific hybrids of B. juncea and B. napus is a simple, powerful biotechnological tool to increase genetic diversity and transcend species barriers to transfer desired genes, between the species. By implementing a crossing strategy, there is a potential to improve the FAP of Sri Lankan mustard towards the canola type.

Broadening genetic diversity inBrassica napuscanola: Development of canola-quality springB. napusfromB. napus×B. oleraceavar.alboglabrainterspecific crosses

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Rick A. Bennett ◽  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Canola Quality

Rahman, H., Bennett, R. A. and Séguin-Swartz, G. 2015. Broadening genetic diversity in Brassica napus canola: Development of canola-quality spring B. napus from B. napus × B. oleracea var. alboglabra interspecific crosses. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 29–41. The narrow genetic base in spring Brassica napus (AACC) canola is a limitation for continued improvement of this crop. This research focused on broadening of genetic diversity in spring canola by using B. oleracea (CC). Seeds of B. oleracea contain high levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates, which are undesired in canola. Therefore, inheritance of these traits and the prospect of developing spring canola with allelic diversity introgressed from B. oleracea were investigated in B. napus×B. oleracea interspecific progenies. Zero-erucic plants in F2generation occurred at a lower frequency than expected based on segregation involving only the C-genome erucic acid alleles. Selection in F2to F3focused on zero erucic acid, while focus in later generation was for low glucosinolate and B. napus plants. In the F6, 31% zero-erucic families had low glucosinolate content. Flow cytometry analysis of the F8families showed no significant difference from the B. napus parent. Genetic diversity analysis by using simple sequence repeat markers from the C-genome chromosomes showed that the F8families received up to 54% alleles from B. oleracea. The results demonstrate the feasibility of enriching genetic diversity in B. napus canola by using B. oleracea.

Allelic diversity in a novel gene pool of canola-quality Brassica napus enriched with alleles from B. rapa and B. carinata

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chen ◽  
J. Zou ◽  
W. A. Cowling ◽  
J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Type B ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
New Type ◽  
Canola Quality

Brassica napus is an amphidiploid with genome AACC and is relatively deficient in genetic diversity. The abundant genetic diversity in other A- and C-genome Brassica species is a valuable resource to expand the narrow gene pool of B. napus. Recently the Ar genomic components from Chinese B. rapa (ArAr) and Cc genomic components from Ethiopian mustard B. carinata (BBCcCc) were introgressed into B. napus through interspecific hybridisation, and the Ar/Cc components were enriched through two generations of molecular marker-assisted selection. In this study, the simple sequence repeat (SSR) allelic diversity of 29 of these new-type B. napus lines, 12 from the first generation and 17 from the second generation, was compared with 66 international B. napus varieties from Australia, China and other countries. Hierarchical clustering and two-dimensional multidimensional scaling revealed that second generation lines and a few first generation lines, all selected for high Ar/Cc components, formed a unique population that was distantly separated from international B. napus. This novel gene pool had significantly higher richness of private SSR alleles and more alleles per SSR marker than the international B. napus varieties. The new-type B. napus lines showed variation in agronomic traits beyond the canola-quality B. napus parent. Many of the lines had low erucic acid and low glucosinolates in the seed (canola quality), indicating that they could be utilised immediately in canola breeding programs.

Genetic diversity in Chinese rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars based on EST-SSR markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Li-chuan ◽  
Zhang Ming-long ◽  
Liu Ji-ye ◽  
Li Xiao-bai ◽  
Cui Hai-rui
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Ssr Markers

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genotype, Environment, and Management Interactions on Fava Beans under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Mohamed Houssemeddine Sellami ◽  
Antonella Lavini ◽  
Davide Calandrelli ◽  
Giuseppe De Mastro ◽  
Cataldo Pulvento
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Fava Beans ◽  
Total Seed

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.), also known as fava beans, like other crops, are influenced by several factors: their genotype, environment, and management, as well as the interaction between these, have an important impact on seed yielding and seed quality traits. This study was conducted at three locations in South Italy between 2017 and 2019 to evaluate the sowing date effect on yield and yield components of three Vicia faba L., originating from cool climates. The results showed that seed yield (SY) and yield components declined with sowing delay. The crop’s environment (year × site) and management (sowing date) were found to explain 34.01% and 42.95% of the total seed yield variation, respectively. The data showed that the tested genotypes were positively influenced by the environment with sandy loam soil and early winter sowing date, resulting in either a greater number of SY and THS than in the other environment. The three faba bean genotypes showed tolerance to winter frost conditions in the two growing seasons.

PrBn, a Major Gene Controlling Homeologous Pairing in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Haploids

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jenczewski ◽  
Frédérique Eber ◽  
Agnès Grimaud ◽  
Sylvie Huet ◽  
Marie Odile Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Ph1 Locus ◽  
Likelihood Approach ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Statistics

Abstract Precise control of chromosome pairing is vital for conferring meiotic, and hence reproductive, stability in sexually reproducing polyploids. Apart from the Ph1 locus of wheat that suppresses homeologous pairing, little is known about the activity of genes that contribute to the cytological diploidization of allopolyploids. In oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids, the amount of chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) of meiosis varies depending on the varieties the haploids originate from. In this study, we combined a segregation analysis with a maximum-likelihood approach to demonstrate that this variation is genetically based and controlled mainly by a gene with a major effect. A total of 244 haploids were produced from F1 hybrids between a high- and a low-pairing variety (at the haploid stage) and their meiotic behavior at MI was characterized. Likelihood-ratio statistics were used to demonstrate that the distribution of the number of univalents among these haploids was consistent with the segregation of a diallelic major gene, presumably in a background of polygenic variation. Our observations suggest that this gene, named PrBn, is different from Ph1 and could thus provide complementary information on the meiotic stabilization of chromosome pairing in allopolyploid species.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the Brassica napus L. Gene Pool Using SSR Markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hasan ◽  
F. Seyis ◽  
A. G. Badani ◽  
J. Pons-Kühnemann ◽  
W. Friedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Brassica Napus L
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