Utilization of lupin stubbles by merino sheep: studies of animal performance, rates and time of stocking, lupinosis, liver copper and zinc, and circulating plasma enzymes

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Croker ◽  
JG Allen ◽  
DS Petterson ◽  
HG Masters ◽  
RF Frayne
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Stocking Rates

Three experiments were conducted in the West Midland region of Western Australia to evaluate the sheep-carrying capacity of dry narrow-leafed sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) stubbles. In addition, the effect of stocking rate on lupinosis, and the effect of lupinosis on circulating plasma enzymes and liver copper and zinc levels were determined. At low stocking rates (25 or less ha-1) sheep were grazed for up to 80 days with increases in liveweight. However, with higher stocking rates (50 or 75 ha-1) the maximum weights obtained were lower, and reached after a shorter period of time. Sheep grazed at the high stocking rates suffered more liver damage than those grazed at low rates, and it is suggested that outbreaks of clinical lupinosis might be precipitated by grazing sheep at high rates. Sheep that grazed the stubbles and suffered liver damage had higher liver copper levels than those that suffered no damage. Also, there was an indication that the degree of liver damage and the liver copper level were directly related. It is suggested that the toxins of Phomopsis leptostromiformis cause the liver to take up and store copper. A significant negative correlation between the degree of liver damage and the liver zinc level was found. However, it was not determined whether this diminishment of liver zinc was a direct effect of the toxins of P. leptostromiformis or due to displacement by copper which was actively being taken up. Plasma levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino transferase, measured during or at the end of the experiments, were not related to the degree of terminal liver injury. They are not considered reliable indicators of the incidence or severity of lupinosis in the field.

scholarly journals Analysis of Serum and Urinal Copper and Zinc in Chinese Northeast Population with the Prediabetes or Diabetes with and without Complications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Xu ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Gilbert Liu ◽  
Yi Tan ◽  
Lu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Simvastatin Treatment ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Zinc Levels

This study investigated the association of copper and zinc levels in the serum or urine of patients living in northeast China, with either prediabetes or diabetes. From January 2010 to October 2011, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D,n=25), type 2 diabetes (T2D,n=137), impaired fasting glucose (IFG,n=12) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT,n=15), and age/gender matched controls (n=50) were enrolled. In the T2D group, there were 24 patients with nephropathy, 34 with retinopathy, and 50 with peripheral neuropathy. Serum copper levels were significantly higher in IFG, IGT, and T2D groups. Serum zinc level was dramatically lower, and urinary zinc level was significantly higher in both T1D and T2D subjects compared with controls. The serum zinc/copper ratio was significantly lower in all the patients with IFG, ITG, T1D, and T2D. The serum copper level was positively associated with HbA1c in T2D subjects. Simvastatin treatment in T2D patients had no significant effect on serum and urinary copper and zinc. These results suggest the need for further studies of the potential impact of the imbalanced serum copper and zinc levels on metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetic complications.

Analysis of Copper and Zinc Levels in the Mucosal Tissue and Serum of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay G Nayak ◽  
Laxmikanth Chatra ◽  
K Prashanth Shenai
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zinc Levels

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-recognized potentially malignant disease of oral mucosa whose exact pathogenetic mechanisms have not been understood. Measurement of copper and zinc levels in the tissue and serum of these patients may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis. Therefore, a study was undertaken to analyze the levels of these trace elements in the populations of the coastal region of south Karnataka and north Kerala, India, who show predominant use of areca nut due to their cultural and social backgrounds. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 20 cases of OSMF and 20 controls. The tissue and serum concentrations of copper and zinc in these 40 subjects were measured by colorimetry. Results The mean tissue copper level in OSMF group was 4.31 ± 1.13 μg/gm, while the tissue zinc level was 25.18 ± 4.92 μg/gm. The mean serum copper level in the OSMF group was 1.00 ± 0.20 μg/ml while the mean serum zinc level was 0.92 ± 0.18 μg/ml. Interpretation and conclusion The tissue copper levels in OSMF group showed very highly significant difference (p = 0.001) from the controls while the difference in tissue zinc levels was highly significant (p = 0.009). The serum levels of copper (p = 0.35) and zinc (p = 0.08) did not exhibit any statistical difference from those of the control group. These findings indicate that the trace elements, copper and zinc, within the oral mucosa definitely, have a role to play in the pathogenetic mechanisms of OSMF.

The effect of residual grain on the utilization of sweet lupin stubbles and concurrent changes associated with lupinosis, in particular changes in liver copper and zinc in weaner sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Croker ◽  
JG Allen ◽  
HG Masters ◽  
DS Petterson
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Peak Weight ◽  
Zinc Levels

An experiment was conducted with Merino wether weaners to examine the influence of lupin grain on the utilization of stubbles from crops of sweet, narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop). Sheep grazed at 25 ha-1 without additional grain or with grain (350 kg ha-1) added to the stubble gained weight over 65 days, but those with the additional grain grew faster (av. 126 v. 77 g d-1). At 50 ha-1, sheep grazed on normal stubble gained weight for only 44 days at a mean rate of 82 g d-1, while those with the additional grain (350 kg ha-1) reached a peak weight after 65 days of little growth (31 g d-1). The sheep developed lupinosis. Those grazed at 50 ha-1 suffered more liver damage than those at 25 ha-1, and liver copper levels increased while zinc levels decreased as the severity of liver damage increased. Plasma ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) was of minimal value in the diagnosis of lupinosis.The levels of plasma glucose were generally higher in the sheep grazed at the low stocking rate.

Hypercupraemia Induced by Antiepileptic Drugs

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghose ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Male Subjects

1 Serum copper and zinc levels were measured in 84 treated male epileptics, aged between 6 and 18 years, by an atomic absorption spectroscopic method. These patients were selected randomly from a residential special school. Twenty drug-free healthy but educationally subnormal (ESN) male subjects of similar age group from the same school acted as controls. 2 No abnormality in serum zinc level was observed. 3 In nineteen (22.6%) epileptics, copper levels were above the upper level of normal range (20.5 μmol/l), whereas this was only marginally elevated (20.8 μmol/l) in one (5%) ESN subject. 4 The mean copper level in all epileptics was higher than the controls ( P<0.01), but there was no difference between the epileptics treated with sodium valproate alone and the ESN group. 5 The patients who were receiving carbamazepine either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs except phenytoin, had higher mean copper levels than the controls ( P<0.01). A similar observation was made in relation with phenytoin polytherapy (but excluding carbamazepine). 6 There also appeared to be an association between the high serum copper levels and diffuse/generalized electroencephalographic changes ( P < 0.001). Some antiepileptic drugs, particularly carbamazepine, can produce such electroencephalographic abnormalities. 7 It is concluded that hypercupraemia observed in these treated epileptics were related to the induction of caeruloplasmin synthesis by phenytoin and carbamazepine.

Liver damage and the liveweight changes in Merino wether weaners grazing mixed crops of oats and sweet narrow-leafed lupins

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Morcombe ◽  
KP Croker ◽  
JG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Mixed Crops

Merino wether weaners were grazed on mixed crops of oats and sweet lupins at 3 stocking rates (15, 30 and 60 sheep/ha), pure lupins (60 sheep/ha) or pastures (7.5 sheep/ha) with and without an ad libitum ration of an oat-lupin grain mix in 2 experiments. Changes in liveweights and liver damage due to lupinosis were measured. In experiment 1, when grazing commenced in late January 1982, the weaners grazed on the mixed crops at 15, 30 and 60 sheep/ha gained 4.8 kg over 91 days, 2.9 kg over 43 days and 1.2 kg over 43 days, respectively, while those on the pure lupins gained 0.7 kg over 14 days. These liveweight gains were all less (P<0.05) than the 10 kg increase over 70 days by the weaners on pasture which received the ad libitum supplement of oat-lupin grain (about 2.2% N). Liver damage developed at a slower rate in the sheep on the mixed crops. In experiment 2, when grazing commenced in late November 1983, the weaners grazed on the mixed crops at 15,30 and 60 sheep/ha gained 1 1.3 kg over 70 days, 6.2 kg over 42 days and 3.5 kg over 28 days, respectively, while those on the pure lupins gained 3.4 kg over 28 days. These liveweight gains compared with a 12.5 kg gain over 84 days by the weaners on pasture which received the ad libitum supplement of oat-lupin grain (about 2.60%N). There was less Phomopsis leptostromiformis on the lupin stems in this experiment and the sheep livers were not as badly damaged as in the previous experiment. The development of liver damage was again delayed in the weaners grazed on the mixed crops. It was concluded that Merino wether weaners can increase liveweights when grazed on mixed crops of oats and sweet lupins. The amount of increase depends on the grain available to the sheep and the degree of lupinosis-associated liver damage suffered by the sheep. Grazing mixed crops reduces the development of lupinosis.

Diurnal Variation of Serum Copper and Zinc in Epileptics Receiving Anti-Convulsants

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taylor ◽  
K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

1 Serial measurements of copper and zinc concentrations in serum were made at 06.00, 14.00, 22.00 and again at 06.00 hours in 37 male patients with epilepsy, aged between 9 and 19 years. Anti-convulsant drugs were administered at 08.00 and 20.00 hours, and standard hospital meals were allowed at 07.30, 12.00, 16.00 and 19.00 hours. 2 Similar to our previous results, eight patients (21.6%) had serum copper levels greater than the reference range (11.0–20.5 μmol/l) and this hypercupraemia was associated with carbamazapine and/or phenytoin medication. 3 No diurnal variation in serum copper level was observed. Serum copper concentration had no correlation with either 24 h urinary copper excretion or serum anti-convulsant drug levels. 4 Serum zinc concentrations were within the reference range (10–16.5 μmol/l), confirming our previous report. No relation with anti-convulsant medication or serum copper levels was found. 5 Diurnal variations in serum zinc levels with peak and trough concentrations at 06.00 and 14.00 hours, respectively, were observed. 6 It is proposed that these variations in serum zinc concentrations are a normal physiological process and is unlikely to be related to anti-convulsant drugs or epilepsy.

scholarly journals Superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1), manganese and the effect of ethanol in adult and foetal rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Dreosti ◽  
Susan J. Manuel ◽  
R. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Manganese Superoxide ◽  
Maternal Alcoholism ◽  
Zinc Levels

1. The activity of manganese-superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1; SOD) was increased in the livers and kidneys of adult rats after exposure to aqueous ethanol (200 ml/l) for 32 weeks.2. The concentration of Mn in the livers and kidneys was significantly higher after 24 weeks, and by 32 weeks liver copper and zinc levels were lower.3. The activity of foetal (day 19) liver superoxide dismutase was appreciably higher in offspring from dams receiving ethanol during pregnancy. Quantitatively the response appeared to be almost entirely due to the Mn-SOD form of the enzyme.4. Maternal alcoholism during pregnancy had no effect on the levels of Cu, Mn or Zn in foetal (day 19) livers.

scholarly journals Association between Reduced Serum Zinc and Diastolic Dysfunction in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Jiun-Chi Huang ◽  
Ya-Chin Huang ◽  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Wen-Hsien Lee ◽  
Yi-Chun Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Serum Zinc Levels

Diastolic dysfunction is an emerging challenge among hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the associations between serum zinc with echocardiographic parameters and diastolic function remain uncertain. A total of 185 maintenance HD patients were stratified by the tertiles of serum zinc level to compare their clinical characteristics and echocardiography. Correlations of serum zinc levels with echocardiographic parameters were examined using Pearson’s analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of E/e’ ratio >15 and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 34 mL/m2, both indicators of diastolic dysfunction. Patients belonging to the first tertile of serum zinc level had a significantly higher E/e’ ratio and LAVI. Serum zinc levels were negatively correlated with E (r = −0.204, p = 0.005), E/e’ ratio (r = −0.217, p = 0.003), and LAVI (r = −0.197, p = 0.007). In a multivariate analysis, older age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.950–0.999, p = 0.039) were significantly associated with E/e’ ratio >15. Furthermore, diabetes and lower serum zinc levels (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.958–0.999, p = 0.041) were significantly associated with LAVI >34 mL/m2. Reduced serum zinc level was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction among HD patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate whether zinc supplementation can attenuate cardiac dysfunction in maintenance HD patients.

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