Effects of drought, aging and phosphorus status on leaf acid phosphatase activity in wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Wheat plants grown at two levels of phosphorus supply were subjected to drought or given adequate water. Acid phosphatase activities in the youngest fully expanded leaves, and inorganic and total phosphorus concentrations in the plant tops were determined at four stages of crop development. Phosphatase activity increased with plant age, with phosphorus deficiency and with drought. Inorganic phosphorus concentration decreased with plant age and phosphorus deficiency. Drought markedly decreased the inorganic phosphorus concentration in phosphorus sufficient plants but had little effect on the concentration in deficient plants. Total phosphorus concentration increased as the plants aged and was greatest where the plants were phosphorus sufficient and adequately watered. Drought markedly reduced the total phosphorus concentration in phosphorus sufficient plants, but had little effect on the total phosphorus concentration in deficient plants. Leaf acid phosphatase activity was related inversely to the inorganic phosphorus concentration in the plant tops. Changes in activity with aging, phosphorus supply and moisture stress were associated with changes in the inorganic phosphorus concentration. An argument is developed which indicates that a single 'critical value' separating sufficient from deficient plants, either for phosphatase activity, inorganic or total phosphorus concentration, is not practicable. Different values will be required for different stages of maturity. Complications introduced by drought and aging, through their effect on phosphorus concentration and enzyme activity, were overcome by developing phosphatase zymograms. Two bands were specifically associated with phosphorus deficient plants irrespective of plant age or moisture stress. The technique offers further opportunity for studies in phosphorus metabolism and shou!d provide a useful means of diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in field groRn plants.

Leaf acid phosphatase isozymes in the diagnosis of phosphorus status in field-grown wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan ◽  
DE Elliot ◽  
DGde Marco ◽  
JH Garran ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Residual Phosphorus ◽  
Stages Of Growth

This study examined the inorganic and total phosphorus in wheat plant tops, along with the phosphatase activity and the phosphatase isozymes occurring in the youngest fully expanded leaves, from two field experiments done in 1983 and I984 at two sites in South Australia. Twelve levels of phosphorus were used in the first year, and split plots in the second year allowed the effects of current and/or residual phosphorus treatments to be determined.The inorganic or total phosphorus concentration, or content per plant, could be related to plant and grain yield, but values relative to phosphorus deficiency varied between different stages of growth and between sites. Relationships with inorganic phosphorus were no better than those with total phosphorus.Leaf acid phosphatase assays were a better measure, providing similar values relative to plant deficiency between sites, between seasons and irrespective of whether current or residual phosphorus was the source, but the values varied with plant age.The phosphatase zymograms identified an isozyme which appeared when plants were deficient in phosphorus. It did not appear when they were adequately supplied. The isozyme appeared at all stages of growth to anthesis, and from late tillering through to heading was related to grain yield at both sites, in both seasons and whether freshly applied or residual phosphorus was the source of supply. For diagnostic purposes, specific sets of standards would be required for the phosphorus and phosphatase assays. They would not be required for the phosphatase zymograms.

Plant tests for diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Hoppo ◽  
D. E. Elliott ◽  
D. J. Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser

Summary. Six field experiments were conducted in the Murraylands and Mid North regions of South Australia between 1986 and 1988 to develop plant tests for diagnosing the phosphorus status of barley. The effects of applied phosphorus level on total phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades or whole shoots, and on shoot yield, were examined and critical ranges were established during vegetative growth. Experiments were conducted on a range of soil phosphorus levels with several methods of phosphorus placement and 2 barley cultivars. During early tillering, shoot yield and phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades and whole shoots were increased more by drilling phosphorus fertiliser with the seed (banded) than by spreading the same phosphorus rate over the soil surface and partially incorporating the fertiliser while sowing (broadcast). However, these methods of phosphorus placement did not affect diagnostic relationships between relative shoot yield and phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades and, as a result, critical total phosphorus concentrations were similar for both methods of applying phosphorus fertiliser. Estimated critical total phosphorus concentrations for both Schooner and Galleon barley were similar at each sampling time when allowances were made for minor differences in growth stages between the cultivars; even though phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades and whole shoots were higher in Schooner than in Galleon at adequate phosphorus supply. Between Zadoks scale 13.5 and 16.5 there was a linear decline in critical total phosphorus concentration in youngest emerged leaf blades with increasing plant age. A more variable, but steeper, decline was found for critical total phosphorus concentration in whole shoots. Critical ranges are proposed for total phosphorus concentrations in youngest emerged leaf blades and whole shoots of barley. The decline in critical total phosphorus concentration in youngest emerged leaf blades with advancing plant age was mainly caused by a higher functional requirement for phosphorus at early stages of growth and by increasing dry weight, cellulose and lignin content of youngest emerged leaf blades as plants age. Changes in the spatial distribution of applied phosphorus in relation to root growth did not seem to be important.

Localization of acid phosphatase activity in maize root under phosphorus deficiency

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kummerová
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Maize Root

Biomass partitioning and rhizosphere responses of maize and faba bean to phosphorus deficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Philip J. White ◽  
Chunjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
P Supply

Maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) have contrasting responses to low phosphorus (P) supply. The aim of this work was to characterise these responses with respect to the partitioning of biomass between shoot and root and biochemical modification of the rhizosphere. Maize and faba bean were grown in rhizoboxes in soil with a low P (10 mg kg–1) or high P (150 mg kg–1) supply. Solutions were collected from rhizosphere and bulk soil by suction, using micro-rhizons in situ. The pH and water-soluble P (Pi) were determined on the solutions collected by using micro-rhizons. Olsen P, soil pH and acid phosphatase activity were determined on samples of rhizosphere and bulk soil. Organic acids released from root tips were collected non-destructively and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Plants grown with low P supply had higher ratios of root : shoot dry weight than plants grown with high P supply. This response was greater in maize than in faba bean. Rhizosphere acidification, organic acid concentrations and acid phosphatase activity were greater in faba bean than maize. The Pi concentration in the maize rhizosphere solution was less than in the bulk soil, but the Pi concentration in the rhizosphere solution of faba bean was greater than in the bulk soil. It was concluded that maize responded to low P supply by investing more biomass in its root system, but acidification, concentrations of organic acids, acid phosphatase activity and mobilisation of P in the rhizosphere were greater in faba bean than in maize.

Leaf acid phosphatase activity and the phosphorus status of field-grown wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Biological Environment

Acid phosphatase activity (E.C.3.1.3.4.1) measured in leaf extracts of field-grown wheat was used to indicate the phosphorus status of the plants. Plants responded to phosphorus applications at both experimental sites, and were sampled on a number of occasions during crop development. Significant (P < 0.001) negative correlations between phosphatase activity and phosphorus status, either phosphorus content or phosphorus concentration, were obtained during the early stages of development (r > - 0.87, R2 > 79 %, and r > - 0.87, R2 > 86 % respectively). The activity at those times was also correlated significantly with final grain yield (r > 0.79, R2 > 73%, P < 0.001). The relations were less useful in the later harvests. The evidence indicates reasons for this, and suggests that even at those harvests leaf phosphatase activity continued to be a very sensitive measure of plant phosphorus status. This sensitivity should make it a useful research tool, but as a field measure, renders the assay subject to interactions with the biological environment that affect growth and yield. Under these circumstances, no single 'critical value' for activity relative to plant performance could be derived to suit all situations. Nevertheless, there seems to be scope for determining local phosphatase standards for particular crops and regional environments which would make the assay a useful diagnostic tool. The assay is simple, direct and rapid, and has the advantage, even under poor seasonal conditions, that the relation with grain yield is best for young plants, the stage at which fertilizer applications have the greatest benefit on final yield.

Localization of acid phosphatase activity in the apoplast of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules grown under phosphorus deficiency

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Sujkowska ◽  
Wojciech Borucki ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

scholarly journals Response of Sugarcane in a Red Ultisol to Phosphorus Rates, Phosphorus Sources, and Filter Cake

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Caione ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Cid Naudi Silva Campos ◽  
Leandro Rosatto Moda ◽  
Ricardo de Lima Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Application

We evaluated the effect of phosphorus application rates from various sources and in the presence or absence of filter cake on soil phosphorus, plant phosphorus, changes in acid phosphatase activity, and sugarcane productivity grown in Eutrophic Red Ultisol. Three P sources were used (triple superphosphate, Araxa rock phosphate, and Bayovar rock phosphate) and four application rates (0, 90, 180, and 360 kg ha−1of P2O5) in the presence or absence of filter cake (7.5 t ha−1, dry basis). The soil P, the accumulated plant P, the leaf acid phosphatase activity and straw, the stalk productivity, the concentration of soluble solids in the juice (Brix), the juice sucrose content (Pol), and the purity were the parameters evaluated. We found that P applications increased levels of soil, leaf, and juice phosphorus and led to higher phosphorus accumulation and greater stalk and straw productivity. These levels were highest in the presence of filter cake. Acid phosphatase activity decreased with increasing plant phosphorus concentration. Phosphate fertilization did not show effect on sugarcane technological quality. We concluded that P application, regardless of source, improved phosphorus nutrition and increased productivity in sugarcane and, when associated with filter cake, reduced the need for mineral fertilizer.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document