Participation of Industry, Community and Government in Monitoring the Impact of Waste Development through the Early Warning System

In human life, it cannot be separated from the environment in which we live. Human negligence in building industry without caring the impact on environment can damage the physical and biological environment slowly and indirectly. Therefore an effort to preserve the quality of environment, especially for the environment adjacent to the settlement, is necessary and can be performed in various ways including technology utilization. The development of technology-based microcontrollers gains more popularity. Technology develops rapidly and electronic devices have become one compulsory device to be owned. Wastewater is industrial waste should be controlled prior to passing surrounding environment to avoid pollution. The concluded of this research are 1 implementation of management and monitoring carried out by industry should be led to the awareness for environmental sustainability, 2 Industrial business actor has not benefited directly from the activities of management and monitoring that have been carried out, and still considers that the obligation is a heavy burden in terms of cost, 3 Inter-institution coordination mechanism is still not clear so that each institution has not been performed their duties and functions well, 4 involvement and community awareness around the industry is relatively low.

Fast and specific enrichment of cancer-related exosomes by DNA-nanoweight-assisted centrifugation

Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells and play an important role in the diagnosis of cancer-related diseases. However, it is challenging to efficiently enrich exosomes from extracellular fluids. In this work, we used DNA-tetrahedron as a nanoweight during centrifugation to precisely enrich tumor exosomes from a complex biological environment. Two different DNA tetrahedral nanostructures (DTAs), each carrying a specific aptamer for exosome biomarker recognition, were incubated with clinical samples simultaneously. One DTA triggered the cross-linking of multiple target exosomes, and therefore enabled low-speed and fast centrifugation for enrichment. The other DTA further narrowed down the target exosome subtype and initiated a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for sensitive signal amplification. The method enabled the detection of 180 MCF-7-derived exosomes per microliter and 560 HepG2-derived exosomes per microliter, with 1000-fold higher sensitivity than conventional ELISA. This easy-to-operate method can enrich exosomes with excellent specificity and therefore will be appealing in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.

Impact of dietary supplements based on L-carnitine on free-radical processes in model systems

Introduction. According to the results of numerous studies and meta-analyses, the effectiveness of male infertility therapy with micronutrients-antioxidants in various variants remains low, especially concerning the increase in live-birth rates and the incidence of clinical pregnancy. This may be due to both the empirical nature of such therapy with an imbalance of ejaculate redox systems, and an overdose of individual ingredients of antioxidant complexes.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of complex preparation based on L-carnitine for the treatment of male infertility in an experimental model system.Materials and methods. The dietary supplements «AndroDoz®» («Nizhfarm» JSC, Russian Federation) and «Proxeed® plus» (Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc., Italy) were tested. The antioxidant properties of the preparations were determined in vitro by recording chemiluminescence in model systems generating reactive oxygen species using the «LKB-Wallac 1256 chemiluminometer» (Wallac Oy/PerkinElmer®, Finland). Chemiluminescence was evaluated by the light sum and the maximum amplitude of the glow, the antioxidant activity in the biological environment was studied when adding drugs to chicken yolk lipids similar to blood lipoprotein complexes.Results. The introduction of «AndroDoz®» and «Proxeed® plus» into the incubation medium in an amount comparable to the physiological level of L-carnitine in seminal plasma, inhibited the luminescence of the model system. At the same time, if «Proxeed® plus» almost completely inhibited the formation of radicals, then an equivalent dose of «AndroDoz®» reduced the intensity of chemiluminescence by 60%. Approximately in the same proportions, the preparations suppressed the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in a model system with lipoprotein complexes similar to blood lipids, that is, the antioxidant activity was preserved in the biological environment. A decrease in the value of the chemiluminescence light sum was also found against the background of the use of these dietary supplements, which may indicate their protective effect on biological membranes, including subcellular structures of spermatozoa.Conclusion. The combined dietary supplements used in the study have a high antioxidant potential. The preparation «Proxeed® plus» can completely suppress the processes of lipoperoxidation with the possible development of a deficiency of free radicals that provide vital processes. The preparation «AndroDoz®» has a milder effect on free-radical phenomena probably due to a lower content of active ingredients and a balanced composition, which reduces the risk of complications in the form of an «antioxidant paradox» or reductive stress.

A Review on Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles, Characterisation and Their Biological Applications

The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the last decade. The biosynthesis of BNPs mediated by natural extracts is simple, low-cost, and safe for the environment. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds that act as reducing agents (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids) and stabilising ligands moieties (carbonyl, carboxyl, and amine groups), useful in the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), and are free of toxic by-products. Noble bimetallic NPs (containing silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) have potential for biomedical applications due to their safety, stability in the biological environment, and low toxicity. They substantially impact human health (applications in medicine and pharmacy) due to the proven biological effects (catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and regenerative activity). To the best of our knowledge, there are no review papers in the literature on the synthesis and characterisation of plant-mediated BNPs and their pharmacological potential. Thus, an effort has been made to provide a clear perspective on the synthesis of BNPs and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and size/shape-dependent applications of BNPs. Furthermore, we discussed the factors that influence BNPs biosyntheses such as pH, temperature, time, metal ion concentration, and plant extract.

The protein-nanoparticle interaction (protein corona) and its importance on the therapeutic application of nanoparticles

Nanobiotechnology has provided promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies which capable to create a broad spectrum of nano-based imaging agents and medicines for human administrations. Several studies have demonstrated that the surface of nanomaterials is immediately coated with suspended proteins after contact with plasma or other biological fluids to form protein corona-nanoparticle complexes. Cells react after exposure with these complexes. since, the biological fate and functions of nanomaterials are determined by physiological responses to protein -nanoparticle complexes in this article, we aimed to review some studies about the effects of the protein profiles and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles in the biological environment on the formation of protein corona and subsequent the biological responses upon exposure to nanoparticles. Also, some used methods for of protein corona analysis has been reviewed. It has been shown that the biological impacts of protein corona may be both constructive and/or destructive in the biomedical applications of nanomaterials. The protein corona–cell interactions can facilitate targeted delivery and cellular absorption of therapeutic nanomaterials and also, they mitigate the unfavorable cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles. On the other hand, these interactions may cause rapid clearance of nanoparticles from the body as well as the activation of undesirable inflammatory responses. Hence, the study of the formation mechanism and biological effects of protein corona plays an important role in the design of nanoparticles with specific physicochemical properties proportional with their intended biological activity.

Multifunctional Coatings of Titanium Implants Toward Promoting Osseointegration and Preventing Infection: Recent Developments

Titanium and its alloys are dominant material for orthopedic/dental implants due to their stable chemical properties and good biocompatibility. However, aseptic loosening and peri-implant infection remain problems that may lead to implant removal eventually. The ideal orthopedic implant should possess both osteogenic and antibacterial properties and do proper assistance to in situ inflammatory cells for anti-microbe and tissue repair. Recent advances in surface modification have provided various strategies to procure the harmonious relationship between implant and its microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest strategies to endow titanium implants with bio-function and anti-infection properties. We state the methods they use to preparing these efficient surfaces and offer further insight into the interaction between these devices and the local biological environment. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in the development of ideal materials for bone implantation.

An efficient way to screen inhibitors of energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters in bacteria uptake assay

Herein, we report a novel whole-cell screening assay using Lactobacillus casei as model microorganism to identify inhibitors of energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters. This promising and underexplored target may have important pharmacological potential through modulation of vitamin homeostasis in bacteria and, importantly, it is absent in humans. The assay represents an alternative, cost-effective and fast solution to demonstrate the direct involvement of these membrane transporters in a native biological environment rather than using a low-throughput in vitro assay employing reconstituted proteins in a membrane bilayer system. Based on this new whole-cell screening approach, we demonstrated the optimization of a weak hit compound (2) into a small molecule (3) with improved in vitro and whole-cell activities. This study opens the possibility to quickly identify novel inhibitors of ECF transporters and optimize them based on structure–activity relationships.

Application of the migration method for radiotomography of breast cancer

A new method to visualize microwave image is presented to early non-invasive detection of breast cancer tumors. A new processing method to compute microwave images of heterogeneity in a biological environment is described here, as well as a new algorithm for accelerating the calculation of three-dimensional radio images. Sounding of synthetic phantoms with dielectric properties of breast tissue was carried out in the range of 2–8 GHz using a special radar system developed by the authors. Results show that it is possible to use this microwave imaging method to form 3D accurate images using hemispherical scan Images of tumor phantoms were obtained during probing in the 2–8 GHz range with a resolution of about 5–7 mm. According to the results of the reconstruction of three-dimensional radio images, it was revealed that the calculation time can be reduced by at least 2 times with an insignificant loss of quality.

Transformation from calcium sulfate to calcium phosphate in biological environment

The formation of a nano-apatite surface layer is frequently considered a measure of bioactivity, especially for non-phosphate bioceramics. In the present study, strontium-doped calcium sulfate, (Ca,Sr)SO4, was used to verify the feasibility of this measure. The (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen was prepared by mixing 10% SrSO4 by weight with 90% CaSO4·½H2O powder by weight. A solid solution of (Ca,7.6%Sr)SO4 was then produced by heating the powder mixture at 1100 °C for 1 h. The resulting (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen was readily degradable in phosphate solution. A newly formed surface layer in the form of flakes was formed within one day of specimen immersion in phosphate solution. Structural and microstructure–compositional analyses indicated that the flakes were composed of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals. An amorphous interface containing OCP nanocrystals was found between the newly formed surface layer and the remaining (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen. The specimen was also implanted into a rat distal femur bone defect. In addition to new bone, fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells were found to interlace the (Ca,Sr)SO4 specimen. The present study indicated that a more comprehensive evaluation is needed to assess the bioactivity of non-phosphate bioceramics.