The effect of time and sowing and row spacing on the maturity and yield of three groundnut cultivars under irrigation

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

White Spanish, Red Spanish and Virginia Bunch cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. were sown at two row spacings (30 and 60 cm) and two times (29 October and 3 December) on an alkaline clay soil in western New South Wales. The crops were furrow irrigated between raised beds 1 m wide. Maximum oven dry pod yields were 3.0, 2.3 and 3.3 t ha-1 for white Spanish, Red Spanish and Virginia Bunch respectively. Corresponding shelling percentages were 65, 68 and 57%. White Spanish and Virginia Bunch matured 180-190 days after early sowing and Red Spanish after 210 days when frost stopped growth. The late sown crop failed to mature before the frosts, and yielded 15-25% less than the early sowing. The late crop had a shorter period for the production of pods and also a slightly lower rate of pod production because of reduced shoot growth; kernel weight per pod was similar at both sowings. Differences between cultivars were accounted for by differences in the rate of pod filling and hence ultimate kernel weight per pod, and furthermore, the harvest index differed among cultivars. White Spanish or Virginia Bunch sown in 30 cm rows before December can be recommended for irrigated groundnut production in western New South Wales.

Effect of sowing rate on grain yield, kernel weight, and grain protein percentage of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
RW Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
South Wales

The effect of sowing rate (10-110 kg/ha) on the grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was determined from a total of 20 field experiments conducted in northern New South Wales from 1983 to 1986. Effects of sowing rate on kernel weight and grain protein percentage were also determined from 12 experiments conducted in 1985 and 1986. Two barley varieties were tested each year. In all years fallow plus winter rainfall was equal to or greater than average. Grain yield increased with higher sowing rates in most experiments, with the response curve reaching a plateau above 60-70 kg/ha. For 13 of the 40 variety x year combinations, grain yield fell at the highest sowing rates. Only in an experiment where lodging increased substantially with higher sowing rates was there a reduction in yield at a sowing rate of 60 kg/ha. The average sowing rate for which 5 kg grain was produced per kg of seed sown was 63 kg/ha. Grain protein percentage usually fell, and kernel weight invariably fell, with increasing sowing rate. Increasing sowing rates from the normal commercial rate of 35 kg/ha to a rate of 60 kg/ha typically increased grain yields by 100-400 kg/ha, decreased kernel weight by 0.4-2.0 mg, and decreased grain protein by up to 0.5 percentage points. In no case was the grain weight reduced to below malting specifications. It was concluded that sowing rates for barley in northern New South Wales should be increased to about 60 kg/ha.

Weed control and row-spacing in dry-land sorghum in northern New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Holland ◽  
DW McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Growing Conditions

Six experiments were done in northern New South Wales over three seasons to study the effect of weeds on the yield of dry-land grain sorghum and methods of weed control. The relation between crop row spacing and weed control by inter-row cultivation or atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino- 6-isopropylamino-l,3,5-triazine), or both was studied. Where the site yield was high because of favourable growing conditions, an increase in the crop row spacing reduced yield. At low yielding sites, an increase in the row spacing increased yields. At most sites, weed growth was greater with wider row spacings, which resulted in a larger reduction in crop yield where weeds were not removed. Inter-row cultivation reduced weed growth to less than half that of the unweeded controls. Pre-emergent atrazine gave good weed suppression, generally reducing weed growth to less than 10% of the unweeded control when applied at 2.5 kg/ha active ingredient. Post-emergent atrazine was much less effective. Inter-row cultivation combined with a band of pre-emergent atrazine over the crop row was as effective in weed control as an overall spray of pre-emergent atrazine.

Paratylenchinae: redescription of Paratylenchus arculatus Luc & de Guiran, 1962, a new senior synonym of P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Brzeski ◽  
Ladislav Hanel ◽  
Andres Nico ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractSeveral populations of Paratylenchus arculatus from sandy soil and root samples from olive nurseries in southern Spain and from uncultivated clay soil in New South Wales, Australia are described. P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963 is considered as a junior subjective synonym of P. arculatus. Paratylenchinae: redescription de Paratylenchus arculatus Luc & de Guiran, 1962, un nouveau synonym majeur de P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) - Sont decrites plusieurs populations de Paratylenchus arculatus provenant d'echantillons de sol sableux et de racines collectes dans des pepinieres d'olivier du sud de l'Espagne et d'un sol argileux en jachere des Nouvelles Galles du Sud, Australie. P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963 est considere comme un synonyme mineur subjectif de P. arculatus.

Influence of plant population on yield and yield components of irrigated sunflower in southern New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (100) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Thompson ◽  
IG Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Three experiments conducted in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of southern New South Wales examined the influence of plant population on the yield and yield components of irrigated sunflowers. Populations ranged from 25,000 plants ha-1 to 140,000 plants ha-1. Furrow irrigation was employed with rows spaced 76 cm apart. In two of the experiments the wide range of plant populations examined had little effect on seed yield. Individual seed weight (g 1000-1) and seed number per head interacted with plant population so that seed yield was only marginally affected. In the remaining experiment, insufficient total dry matter production without improved harvest index prevented the attainment of an acceptable seed yield. There was a consistent trend for harvest index to fall with increasing plant population. Values recorded ranged from 0.36 to 0.23. Plant population had little effect on oil percentage. A plant population of 50,000 plants ha-1 is suggested as a minimum recommendation for irrigated sunflowers in southern New South Wales.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of some agronomic traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
MK Alam ◽  
UK Nath ◽  
MAK Azad ◽  
MA Alam ◽  
AA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Additive Gene

A 10×10 half diallel experiment was conducted on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to ascertain the gene action and genetic parameters of ten traits including 50% flowering, no. of pods per plant, plant height, harvest index, pod index, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod size, diseases infection and yield per plot. The experiments were carried out in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the cropping season of 2010-2011. The estimates of gene effects indicated that significance of both additive and non-additive variance for pod size, 100 pod weight and diseases infection among the traits and presence of over dominance satisfying assumptions of diallel except dormancy. However, both the additive and non-additive gene affects together importance to control of most quantitative traits in the groundnut. The average degree of dominance (H1/D) 1/2 (H1 = dominance variance, D = additive variance) was higher than one, indicating over dominance for all the traits. The narrow-sense heritability was high for 50% flowering (38%), harvest index (35%), pod size (52%), 100 pod weight (35%) and yield per plot (41%) indicating that great genetic gain could be achieved for them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17841 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 31-35, December, 2013

The effect of row spacing and weed density on yield loss of chickpea

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. M. Whish ◽  
B. M. Sindel ◽  
R. S. Jessop ◽  
W. L. Felton
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
No Till ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rapistrum Rugosum

The adoption of no-till farming and the desire to maintain stubble cover when sowing legumes in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland have resulted in an increase in commercial row spacing for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). This paper examines the effects of increasing crop row widths on weed competition in chickpea crops. Weed densities of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants/m2 of wild oats (Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana ) and turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum) were established with chickpea crops planted with either 32�or 64�cm row configurations in northern New South Wales during 1996 and 1997. A rectangular hyperbolic model adequately represented the loss in chickpea yield with increasing density of either weed. Even low densities of <10 plants/m2 caused large (approx. 50%) reductions in yield, particularly with turnip weed. In these experiments, weed-free yields were higher when chickpea was sown in 32�cm rows compared with 64�cm rows, but weeds caused no greater loss in crop yield with the wider row spacing. The results of this work show that the use of wide rows has minimal impact on weed competion in northern chickpea crops.

The effect of Alar on vegetative growth and fruiting behaviour of three varieties of apples in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A Oldham ◽  
WJ Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
South Wales

Trials were conducted in three successive years to test the response of Granny Smith, Jonathan, and Delicious apple varieties to Alar (succinic acid 2, 2-dimethyl hydrazide) applied at various times and concentrations. The results confirmed overseas reports of reduced shoot growth, increased fruit set, reduced fruit size, reduced pre-harvest drop, and, in some cases, increased blossoming the following spring. The Jonathan variety was less responsive to the growth retardant than Delicious, which was, in turn, less responsive than Granny Smith.

Correction - Variability of soil moisture in the black cracking clay soil of north-western New South Wales

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
GD Towner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability

Moisture content profiles were measured to a depth of four feet in a small bare plot on the black cracking clay soil of north-west New South Wales. The results show wide variability, and lead to the conclusion that a thorough investigation must be made on the soil moisture variability in this situation before designing any agronomic experiments measuring biological responses to moisture content.

Variability of soil moisture in the black cracking clay soil of north-western New South Wales

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
GD Towner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Soil Moisture Variability

Moisture content profiles were measured to a depth of four feet in a small bare plot on the black cracking clay soil of north-west New South Wales. The results show wide variability, and lead to the conclusion that a thorough investigation must be made on the soil moisture variability in this situation before designing any agronomic experiments measuring biological responses to moisture content.

Reduced early growth of direct drilled wheat in southern New South Wales: causes and consequences

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish ◽  
JR Lymbery
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Direct Drilling

In five experiments with wheat over 4 years on a red earth soil in southern New South Wales, direct drilling reduced plant population by an average of 15% and individual plant dry weight at 10- 11 weeks by an average maximum of 33% compared with sowing into a cultivated seed bed. The maximum reduction in dry weight per unit area averaged 44% (at tillering), but compensatory growth reduced this to 17% by anthesis. Time to emergence was not reduced and differences in plant weight soon after emergence were very small, which suggests that the effect on plant growth occurred only after emergence. Effects of direct drilling on soil surface (0- 10 cm) temperature and water content were not important factors reducing plant population or early growth but high soil strength seemed the most likely cause of reduced root extension in the direct drilled seedbed (0-1 5 cm). Reduced root extension had no direct effect on plant water relations or nitrogen concentration in leaves, but there was a small effect on phosphorus concentration. Reduced root growth appears to reduce shoot growth but the mechanisms require further study. The reduced shoot growth led to reduced preanthesis water-use. After anthesis direct drilled crops generally used more water and had higher leaf water potentials than crops in cultivated soil, leading to yield increases in 2 of the years with dry spring conditions. Only in a drought year (1982) was there evidence of direct drilling reducing the maximum depth of rooting and therefore reducing total water-use resulting in lower grain yield (8%). Overall, direct drilling increased grain yields by 2.4% (2.514 v. 2.576 t/ha) compared with conventional tillage, despite the large reduction in early growth.

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