Weed control and row-spacing in dry-land sorghum in northern New South Wales

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Holland ◽  
DW McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Growing Conditions

Six experiments were done in northern New South Wales over three seasons to study the effect of weeds on the yield of dry-land grain sorghum and methods of weed control. The relation between crop row spacing and weed control by inter-row cultivation or atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino- 6-isopropylamino-l,3,5-triazine), or both was studied. Where the site yield was high because of favourable growing conditions, an increase in the crop row spacing reduced yield. At low yielding sites, an increase in the row spacing increased yields. At most sites, weed growth was greater with wider row spacings, which resulted in a larger reduction in crop yield where weeds were not removed. Inter-row cultivation reduced weed growth to less than half that of the unweeded controls. Pre-emergent atrazine gave good weed suppression, generally reducing weed growth to less than 10% of the unweeded control when applied at 2.5 kg/ha active ingredient. Post-emergent atrazine was much less effective. Inter-row cultivation combined with a band of pre-emergent atrazine over the crop row was as effective in weed control as an overall spray of pre-emergent atrazine.

Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAE Lattimore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, the value of pastures in weed control, and their management for maximum profitability.

Herbicides as an establishment of sod sown Glycine javanica

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Murtagh
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Grass Sward

The use of a herbicide to restrict competition from an existing grass sward during the establishment of sod-sown Glycine javanica L. was examined in the Lismore district of New South Wales. Following application of a herbicide containing 27.7 per cent acid equivalent (a.e.) of the sodium salt of 2,2 DPA (2,2- dichloropropionic acid) and 12.5 per cent a.e. amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4 triazole) yields of G. javanica were proportional to the rate applied, for rates up to but not greater than 7.5 lb a.e. an acre. Yields from the successful herbicide treatments were of the order of 45-60 per cent of the cultivated seedbed. However, when sod-sown into an untreated sward, glycine virtually failed to establish. Weed growth was negligible in plots treated with a herbicide but was substantial in the cultivated seedbed. The application of these findings is discussed.

Evaluation of selected commercial oilseed rape cultivars for early vigour, weed suppression and yield in southern New South Wales

Weed Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
James M. Mwendwa ◽  
William B. Brown ◽  
Paul A. Weston ◽  
K. M. Shamsul Haque ◽  
Christopher Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Early Vigour

Effects of soil disturbance, weed control and mulch treatments on establishment of Themeda triandra (Poaceae) in a degraded white box (Eucalyptus albens) woodland in central western New South Wales

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Cole ◽  
Ian D. Lunt ◽  
Terry Koen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Basal Cover ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Albens

Temperate grassy woodlands are endangered ecosystems in Australia, and many degraded remnants are in desperate need of understorey restoration. This experiment compared the effects of soil disturbance, weed control and mulch treatments on establishment of the original dominant grass, Themeda triandra Forssk., in a degraded white box (Eucalyptus albens Benth.) woodland at Cowra in central New South Wales (NSW). Awned Themeda seeds were surface-sown into replicated plots treated as follows: soil scalping, soil disturbance (by ripping), herbicide (simazine) application and retention of natural mulch. Scalping combined with soil disturbance best promoted Themeda establishment (47.8% after 40 days and 28% after 518 days), and also reduced broadleaf-herb densities. By contrast, scalping without soil disturbance had the worst effect on Themeda establishment (5.2% after 40 days and 4.5% after 518 days). Disturbance significantly enhanced Themeda establishment and decreased the density of annual grasses and the basal cover of non-Themeda species. By contrast, the retention of 500–800 kg of natural surface mulch had no apparent effect on Themeda establishment. Contrary to expectations, simazine reduced the density and basal cover of all species, including Themeda, which is normally resistant to this herbicide. All combinations of the mulched, disturbed and herbicide treatments (i.e. all treatments except scalping) gave similar results, ranging from 10.7 to 22.0 Themeda plants m–2 after 518 days. These results suggest that Themeda stands can be established in degraded box woodlands by using awned seed materials, with minimal seedbed preparation and simple sowing techniques. Further studies are required to determine whether established swards can resist weed invasion in the absence of ongoing weed management, and whether establishment success varies with soil conditions and landscape position.

Weed control when establishing irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa)

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
WL Felton ◽  
AC Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
South Wales

Three experiments were done at Tamworth, New South Wales, on weed control during lucerne establishment. In experiment 1, autumn sown, trifluralin incorporated in the soil eight weeks before sowing provided better control than benefin of grasses (mainly Poa annua) and deadnettle (Lamium amplexicaule). Neither of these treatments controlled shepherds purse (Capsella bursa pastoris), reduced lucerne density nor increased its yield. Post emergent treatment with 2,4-DB or prometryne increased lucerne yield, the latter being the more effective. In experiment 2, also autumn sown, the problem weeds were deadnettle and shepherds purse. Trifluralin and benefin both increased lucerne yield when applied either one or three weeks before sowing, but hay quality, as gauged by weed contamination, was not improved. Post emergent application of prometryne increased lucerne yield and improved the quality of the hay. Experiment 3 was spring sown. The problem weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp), was controlled by benefin and trifluralin, resulting in greater lucerne yield and better hay quality. Trifluralin was more effective when applied three weeks before sowing compared with one week.

Effect of tillage practice on the persistence of atrazine in two contrasting soils in northern New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
IG Ferris ◽  
WL Felton ◽  
JF Holland ◽  
MS Bull
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
South Wales

Grain sorghum was sown at 2 sites at Tamworth in northern New South Wales in 1980 in order to examine the influence of fallow tillage practices and post harvest cultivation on the persistence of atrazine. In a non-cracking red clay (pH 5.7) atrazine (3.2 kg/ha) was applied both to the sorghum fallow and at sowing (1.8 kg/ha). The concentration of carryover atrazine 3 months after sorghum harvest was 0.11 µg/g in the 0-5 cm mil layer and 0.06 µg/g in the 5-15 cm layer. By contrast, the same treatment resulted in 0.61 and 0.52 µg/g in the 0-5 and 5-15 cm zones of a grey clay (pH 7.5). Cultivation after the sorghum was harvested reduced the atrazine residue in the surface soil (0-5 cm) by 20-40%, depending on the initial rate of application. There was no associated increase in the 5-15 cm zone. Despite the reduction in the amount of atrazine residue, cultivation increased the severity of atrazine injury to wheat sown at the grey clay site. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity at the red clay site.

Field studies of the effects of pre-sowing weed control and time of sowing on tropical perennial grass establishment, North-West Slopes, New South Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge ◽  
M. A. Brennan ◽  
S. Harden
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Frequency

Two separate experiments on the North-West Slopes of New South Wales investigated: (1) the effects of differing lengths of pre-sowing weed control (2 years, 1 year, and 3–4 months in the spring immediately before sowing) on the soil seed density of liverseed grass (Urochloa panicoides) from November 2005 to November 2007 and its seedling density at establishment (December 2007), as well as on subsequent herbage mass and plant frequency of this species and Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi (Expt 1); and (2) the effects of cultivar, time of sowing (November 2006, January 2007, and March 2007), and defoliation in the autumn after sowing, on the over-wintering ability of 5 tropical perennial grasses (Expt 2). The cultivars sown in Expt 2 were Bambatsi, Dichanthium aristatum cv. Floren, Chloris gayana cv. Katambora, Digitaria eriantha var. eriantha cv. Premier, and Bothriochloa bladhii var. glabra cv. Swann. At sowing (November 2007), liverseed grass seed and seedling densities in Expt 1 were lowest (P < 0.05) in the 2-year pre-sowing weed control treatment (15 and 13/m2, respectively), and the subsequent herbage mass of Bambatsi (January and October 2008) was highest (P < 0.05) in this treatment. In Expt 2, 59 frosts occurred in 2007, and Floren, Bambatsi, and Swann sown in March of that year over-wintered poorly and had lower (P < 0.05) herbage mass and plant frequency in the following spring compared with the other sowing times. These differences were also evident in autumn and spring 2008, up to 23 months after sowing.

The effect of time and sowing and row spacing on the maturity and yield of three groundnut cultivars under irrigation

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

White Spanish, Red Spanish and Virginia Bunch cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. were sown at two row spacings (30 and 60 cm) and two times (29 October and 3 December) on an alkaline clay soil in western New South Wales. The crops were furrow irrigated between raised beds 1 m wide. Maximum oven dry pod yields were 3.0, 2.3 and 3.3 t ha-1 for white Spanish, Red Spanish and Virginia Bunch respectively. Corresponding shelling percentages were 65, 68 and 57%. White Spanish and Virginia Bunch matured 180-190 days after early sowing and Red Spanish after 210 days when frost stopped growth. The late sown crop failed to mature before the frosts, and yielded 15-25% less than the early sowing. The late crop had a shorter period for the production of pods and also a slightly lower rate of pod production because of reduced shoot growth; kernel weight per pod was similar at both sowings. Differences between cultivars were accounted for by differences in the rate of pod filling and hence ultimate kernel weight per pod, and furthermore, the harvest index differed among cultivars. White Spanish or Virginia Bunch sown in 30 cm rows before December can be recommended for irrigated groundnut production in western New South Wales.

A survey of fallow practices and weed floras in wheat stubble and grain sorghum in northern New South Wales.

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
WL Felton ◽  
GA Wicks ◽  
SM Welsby
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Atrazine Treatment ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A survey undertaken in northern New South Wales after the 1989 wheat harvest investigated the effects of cultural practices used by dryland farmers on summer weed flora. Only 50% of fallow paddocks surveyed between December and February were weedfree, and by mid January 65% had inadequate stubble cover (<1000 kg/ha) for protection from soil erosion, mainly because of excessive tillage. By February, only 10% of paddocks were being sprayed with a herbicide to control weeds. Examination of 65 uncultivated fallow wheat stubble paddocks and 25 grain sorghum crops identified 87 and 51 different weed species, respectively. In fallow paddocks where no herbicide had been used, 69 and 61 species were found in ungrazed and grazed paddocks, respectively. Where glyphosate had been used the number of species was 37 (grazed) and 39 (ungrazed), and for glyphosate plus atrazine, 23 and 18 species. The number of weed species found in grain sorghum was 29 for cultivated without atrazine, 35 for cultivated with atrazine, and 35 for no-tillage with atrazine, The most important weeds found in fallow were liverseed grass, native millet, common sowthistle, wireweed, and barnyard grasses. Black bindweed was a problem where atrazine had not been used. Native millet was the most abundant species where atrazine had been applied. In grain sorghum the most common broadleaf weeds for cultivated paddocks with no atrazine treatment were Tribulus spp., Australian bindweed, pigweed, and Bathurst burr, while the most common grass weeds were barnyard grasses, liverseed grass, stinkgrass, and native millet. When cultivation plus atrazine was used, barnyard grasses, native millet, wild oats, and liverseed grass were the most common weeds. In minimum tillage or no-tillage paddocks treated with atrazine, native millet, Queensland blue grass, liverseed grass, common sowthistle, Australian bindweed, and windmill grass were the most common weeds.

A grower survey of weeds and herbicide use in the New South Wales cotton industry

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Charles
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Grower Survey

In 1989, 52 cotton growers from the 7 major cotton areas of New South Wales were surveyed regarding their weed-control costs, major weed problems and herbicide use. This paper presents and discusses the major results from this survey. On average, weed control costs the cotton grower $A187/ha annually, the major components being $76/ha for cotton herbicides and $67/ha for hand chipping. The major cotton weeds are Xanthium occidentale, X. spinosum, Cyperus spp., Physalis spp. and Ipomoea lonchophylla. Although these weeds affect a large proportion of the cotton-growing area, their incidence is generally stable or declining under the current management systems. However, Cyperus spp., which presently affect 15% of the cotton area, are escaping the weed management practices and rapidly becoming the major weed problem in many fields. Diplachne fusca is a major weed on irrigation channels and is not controlled by the registered herbicides. Trifluralin, diuron and fluometuron herbicides are used in cotton by over 60% of cotton growers. Glyphosate is used by 59% of growers in fallows prior to cotton, and atrazine, diuron and glyphosate are used on irrigation channels by over 60% of growers. Generally, cotton growers are dissatisfied with t h e high cost of weed control and the ineffectiveness of control of some problem weeds such as Cyperus spp.

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