Selenium excretion in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Langlands ◽  
JE Bowles ◽  
GE Donald ◽  
AJ Smith
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Action ◽  
Se Status

Factors affecting the fate of selenium (Se) in the gastro-intestinal tract and its excretion in faeces were examined in four experiments. Large quantities of Se were secreted into the anterior region of the small intestine and were absorbed from the posterior region. These processes were not affected by the infusion of arsenite or by tying off the pancreatic duct. Faecal and urinary Se excretion were increased in sheep of higher Se status; the increase in faecal excretion was evident for several weeks after a change in Se intake but was not significant because of high variability between animals; it was attributed to the release of Se when tissues were turned over as tissue Se concentration equilibrated with contemporary Se intake. The bile was a possible route for the entry of such Se into the gastro-intestinal tract, and relationships between biliary Se and whole blood and plasma Se concentrations are presented. Faecal Se excretion was more sensitive to an increase in the organic matter intake than to an increase in forage Se concentration in one experiment. It is postulated that Se excretion was increased because rumen microbial activity was stimulated by the increased nutrient intake, and this increased the quantity of dietary Se which was reduced to an unavailable form by rumen microbial action.

scholarly journals The digestion process of the sugar alcohol isomalt in the intestinal tract of the pig

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Van Weerden ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Digestion Process

In a study with twelve pigs of 60–70 kg live weight provided with a re-entrant cannula at the end of the ileum, and twelve intact, non-cannulated pigs, the fate of dietary doses of 100 and 200 g isomalt/kg during gastrointestinal passage was examined. From sugar analyses in ileal chyme it was calculated that 0.43 and 0.30 of the isomalt consumed was digested in the small intestine with the 100 and 200 g/kg doses of isomalt respectively. From findings on ileal energy digestibility it was calculated that, because of a secondary effect of isomalt on the digestion of the basal diet, isomalt digestibility in the small intestine was distinctly lower. In faeces no sugars were found, so faecal digestibility of isomalt was 1.00 for both doses. The bacterial fermentation in the large intestine of the isomalt not digested in the small intestine caused an increase in the faecal excretion of nitrogen and energy. This increased faecal excretion was hardly (nitrogen) or not (energy) compensated by a decreased urinary excretion.

scholarly journals Observations on the fermentation of carbohydrates along the gastro-intestinal tract of a fistulated cow.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
B.D.E. Gaillard ◽  
A.T. van 't Klooster
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Cellulose Fermentation ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

One cow was provided with cannulae in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. Three experimental rations were offered: 1, hay 7 kg/day and concentrate 6; 2, hay 3 kg/day, paper pulp 3 and concentrate 3.7; 3, fresh grass 11 kg DM/day. Rations 2 and 2 were given twice daily and 3 was offered more frequently. Experimental periods were 5 days in experiment 1 and 7 days in 2 and 3. Samples were taken from each cannula every 2 h for 5 days. Faeces were collected in each period. Flow rate of the intestinal contents was measured with polyethylene glycol and chromium sesquioxide as markers. Carbohydrates in the feed, digesta and faeces were fractionated according to solubility into ethanol-soluble sugars, alpha -glucose polymers, fructosan, water-soluble polysaccharides other than alpha -glucose polymers and fructosan, neutral-detergent-soluble polysaccharides and neutral-detergent residue. Sugars, sialic and uronic acids were measured in the hydrolysates and the sugars were separated chromatographically.Most of the ethanol-soluble sugars and all the fructosan was digested in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum, considered collectively as the stomach. Digestion of alpha -glucose polymer occurred mainly in the stomach and only 5 to 10% was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon. The hay and concentrate ration contained more starch than the others and a higher proportion of this was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon (20.3 and 6.8% of the digestible starch). The water-soluble fraction was digested mostly in the stomach; on rations 1 and 3 more component carbohydrates disappeared from the small intestine than the caecum with colon. Bacterial polysaccharides were thought to be digested in the small intestine and some bacterial growth was indicated, particularly on ration 2 which contained large amounts of cellulose. Fermentation and addition of bacterial polysaccharides and mucus confused the picture of digestion of the neutral-detergent-soluble fraction, but on all 3 rations it was higher in the small intestine than in the caecum with colon. The neutral-detergent residue was mainly fermented in the stomach and the caecum with colon. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Factors affecting magnesium absorption in relation to the aetiology of acute hypomagnesaemia

1967 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Care ◽  
L. B. Vowles ◽  
S. O. Mann ◽  
D. B. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The absorption of28Mg from the gastro-intestinal tract of sheep has been measured on both hay and spring grass diets, each of which supplied approximately the same amount of magnesium daily. A hypomagnesaemic response to the latter diet was accompanied by a reduction in the efficiency of magnesium absorption and was not merely due to the presence of bound magnesium in spring grass.

INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. FAICHNEY ◽  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times

Species of Gastro-intestinal Helminths of Lambs in Northern Ireland

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Taylor ◽  
R. J. G. Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Prevalent Species

A survey of the helminths parasitising the gastro-intestinal tract of lambs in Northern Ireland is described. Twenty-four species were identified from the three hundred and seventy-two animals examined, which were drawn from abattoirs in different areas.The major species found in the abomasum were Ostertagia circumcincta, 0. trifurcata, 0. pinnata and Trichosirongylus axei. Nematodints battus, N. filicollis, T. vitrinus and Cooperia curticei were the most prevalent species in the small intestine. Some observations are made on the relative incidence and role in the production of parasitic gastro-enteritis.

THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN LEVEL ON THE NITROGEN ABSORPTION IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF DAIRY COWS FED GRASS SILAGE FERTILIZED WITH TWO LEVELS OF NITROGEN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. MØLLER ◽  
V. FRIIS KRISTENSEN ◽  
P. E. ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Increased recycling of nitrogen to the forestomachs on low nitrogen rations was found. On high CP rations the AAN at duodenum was greater than or equal to the N intake. Apparently absorbed TN in the small intestine was increased on the SBM supplemented ration. No significant difference was found for absorbed AAN fractions. Key words: Nitrogen, cattle, metabolism, gastro-intestinal tract

Survival and metabolic activity of the GanedenBC30 strain of Bacillus coagulans in a dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maathuis ◽  
D. Keller ◽  
S. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC30 during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC30 was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC30 was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC30 was added to the milk. When GanedenBC30 was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC30 alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC30 are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.

1.2 Post-Ruminal Digestion and the Utilization of Nitrogen

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Lindsay ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Ruminal Digestion ◽  
Microbial Mass

The preceding paper has detailed our current understanding of the processes of N digestion in the ruminant animal as they relate to the events occurring within the reticulo-rumen. It is the purpose of this paper to consider the processes of digestion occurring principally within the small intestine and to comment on the significance of events occurring within the caecum and colon in so far as they relate to nitrogen digestion. The fate of amino acids subsequent to their absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract will also be discussed, in particular the way they are catabolized and whether this limits their availability for the synthesis of protein. Reference will also be made to purine and pyrimidine nitrogen; these products arise from the considerable content of nucleic acids in the microbial mass which leaves the reticulo-rumen and undergoes digestion in the small intestine.

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