INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. FAICHNEY ◽  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times

scholarly journals STUDY OF GIT RELATED KOSHTHANGA W.S.R. TO PAKWASHAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1466-1468
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gupta ◽  
Divya Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Partial Digestion ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Absolute Knowledge

Human anatomy is the science where human body structures are designed to enable complete physiological action thus establishing homeostasis of the human body. Acharya Sushruta had a keen observation about the human body reflecting that without the absolute knowledge of Rachana Sharir. Chikitsak cannot be considered an expert. In Ayurveda, the part of G.I.T. is mentioned in Koshthanga by various Acharya. These Koshthanga are Aamashaya, Pakwashaya, Purishdhara, Uttarguda, Adharguda, Kshudrantra etc. which are situated within the koshtha. In modern anatomy, G.I.T. or Alimentary canal includes all the structures between the mouth and anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organ of digestion, namely the stomach small intestine and large intestine, each part of the Gastric intestinal tract is adapted to its specific function. The 'oesophagus' function primarily to conduct food rapidly from the pharynx to the stomach mixing along with the digestive juic- es, carrying out partial digestion and then propelling the food into the duodenum is the function of the stomach small intestine is designed for complete digestion and absorption of nutrients. Absorption of water and electrolyte from the chyme to form solid faeces is the function of the large intestine. Pakwashaya is the main organ related to the site of Vata Dosha, Purishvaha srotas, Purishdhara kala, Koshthanga and Aashaya. Pakwashaya plays an important role in formation of urine and digestion of food. Keywords: Pakwashaya, Purish

EFFECT OF MUZZLING ON RUMINATION IN SHEEP

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CHAI ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Microbial Attack

Two experiments were completed using four esophageal-fistulated sheep (two per experiment) to study the breakdown of rumen particles of grass hay (bromegrass or reed canarygrass) when rumination was either allowed to occur normally or was restricted by means of a muzzle. When the sheep were muzzled during the nonfeeding portion of the day, there was a distinct limitation of voluntary hay intake. Muzzled sheep chewed more often than unmuzzled sheep (P < 0.01) during eating and, presumably as a result, the particles in their mastication boluses were smaller (P < 0.05). During rumination the regurgitated and chewed boluses from sheep that had been muzzled were larger (P < 0.05) than those from unmuzzled sheep. The proportion of large particles (LP, particles retained on a 1.00-mm screen) of the regurgitated bolus, rumen contents and feces were greater (P > 0.05) for muzzled than unmuzzled sheep. The effectiveness of breakdown of LP retained for chewing during the rumination cycle increased (P < 0.005) with time after feeding (33% at 3 h postfeeding for bromegrass; 57% at 11 h postfeeding). This increase was eliminated by muzzling. The specific fragility (LP breakdown per chew per unit of LP in mouth) of particles from unmuzzled sheep was consistently greater (P > 0.05) than that of particles from muzzled animals. Muzzling markedly reduced the extent to which specific fragility increased with time after feeding and increased (P > 0.01) rumen fluid retention time from 7.4 to 17.4 h. The rumen input-output balance for hay particles was estimated. It is concluded that rumination is the major factor in decreasing the size of forage particles in the rumen, thereby exposing greater surface area to microbial attack and facilitating passage along the intestinal tract. Key words: Sheep, rumination, muzzle, particle breakdown, specific fragility, rumen retention time

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals Observations on the fermentation of carbohydrates along the gastro-intestinal tract of a fistulated cow.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
B.D.E. Gaillard ◽  
A.T. van 't Klooster
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Cellulose Fermentation ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

One cow was provided with cannulae in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum. Three experimental rations were offered: 1, hay 7 kg/day and concentrate 6; 2, hay 3 kg/day, paper pulp 3 and concentrate 3.7; 3, fresh grass 11 kg DM/day. Rations 2 and 2 were given twice daily and 3 was offered more frequently. Experimental periods were 5 days in experiment 1 and 7 days in 2 and 3. Samples were taken from each cannula every 2 h for 5 days. Faeces were collected in each period. Flow rate of the intestinal contents was measured with polyethylene glycol and chromium sesquioxide as markers. Carbohydrates in the feed, digesta and faeces were fractionated according to solubility into ethanol-soluble sugars, alpha -glucose polymers, fructosan, water-soluble polysaccharides other than alpha -glucose polymers and fructosan, neutral-detergent-soluble polysaccharides and neutral-detergent residue. Sugars, sialic and uronic acids were measured in the hydrolysates and the sugars were separated chromatographically.Most of the ethanol-soluble sugars and all the fructosan was digested in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum, considered collectively as the stomach. Digestion of alpha -glucose polymer occurred mainly in the stomach and only 5 to 10% was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon. The hay and concentrate ration contained more starch than the others and a higher proportion of this was digested in the small intestine and caecum with colon (20.3 and 6.8% of the digestible starch). The water-soluble fraction was digested mostly in the stomach; on rations 1 and 3 more component carbohydrates disappeared from the small intestine than the caecum with colon. Bacterial polysaccharides were thought to be digested in the small intestine and some bacterial growth was indicated, particularly on ration 2 which contained large amounts of cellulose. Fermentation and addition of bacterial polysaccharides and mucus confused the picture of digestion of the neutral-detergent-soluble fraction, but on all 3 rations it was higher in the small intestine than in the caecum with colon. The neutral-detergent residue was mainly fermented in the stomach and the caecum with colon. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Hindgut fermentation in dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 65-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Singh ◽  
W Hendriks ◽  
L Tucker ◽  
D G Thomas ◽  
G Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

There is a large body of research investigating the nutritional needs of the dog at different life-stages and the use of different feed ingredients in commercial diets (Clapper et al, 2001; Schroeder & Smith, 2008). Despite this, though there has been relatively little published work looking at the role the large intestine plays in nutrient digestion in the dog. The dog’s gastro-intestinal tract has been compared to the cat’s in terms of relative length. However the cat is a true carnivore and has little need to ferment fibre from the diet, whereas the dog is a scavenger and will consume a much wider range of food, and therefore may need to ferment fibrous material from the diet. The dog may therefore require a more developed large intestine to harbour a microbial population to aid in the digestion of this fibrous material. This study was performed to determine differences in digestion of nutrients in this segment of the canine gastrointestinal tract.

PARTICULATE AND FLUID PASSAGE STUDIES IN SHEEP FED A HAY-BASED DIET

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PONCET ◽  
A. AL ABD
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Digesta Passage

Cr-mordanted fiber, Cr-impregnated cellulose, 169ytterbium, 51Cr-EDT and PEG were compared as digesta passage rate markers in the stomachs and the whole tract in sheep fed hay (80%) and concentrates (20%). Mean retention times of the particulate markers are in the order Cr-mord. > Cr-cell > 169Yb. Cr-EDTA gives more consistent results than PEG. Key words: Particulate markers, fluid markers, mean retention time, rumen, whole tract, feeding frequency, hay, sheep

scholarly journals Gastro-intestinal Tract Function in Sheep Infused with Somatostatin

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Barry ◽  
GJ Faichney ◽  
Carolyn Redekopp
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The effect of a 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of somatostatin (4�6 ng min- I kg-I) was studied, using anoestrous ewes given 791 g dry matter per day of a 60: 40 lucerne hay: oat grain pelleted diet from a continuously moving belt. 5ICr-EDTA, I03Ru-phenanthroline and lignin were used as markers to determine digesta mean retention times (MRT) by a continuous infusion-total sampling procedure.

Species of Gastro-intestinal Helminths of Lambs in Northern Ireland

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Taylor ◽  
R. J. G. Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Prevalent Species

A survey of the helminths parasitising the gastro-intestinal tract of lambs in Northern Ireland is described. Twenty-four species were identified from the three hundred and seventy-two animals examined, which were drawn from abattoirs in different areas.The major species found in the abomasum were Ostertagia circumcincta, 0. trifurcata, 0. pinnata and Trichosirongylus axei. Nematodints battus, N. filicollis, T. vitrinus and Cooperia curticei were the most prevalent species in the small intestine. Some observations are made on the relative incidence and role in the production of parasitic gastro-enteritis.

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