Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. II. Differences in the utilization of P between major chemical fractions

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Chisholm ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Feedback Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Final Harvest

A solution culture experiment was conducted over a range of initial solution P concentrations (1-16 8M P) to investigate differences in P utilization of a tropical and temperate pasture legume. The species used were white clover (Trifolium repens cv. 'Ladino') and Caribbean stylo (Stylosanthes hamata cv. 'Verano'). Incorporation of solution 31P and a pulse of 32P into the soluble (inorganic, ester P), lipid and residue (phytin RNA, DNA, phosphoproteins) fractions of roots and tops was monitored over five harvests. At low P concentrations the major finding was that clover reduced its incorporation of 31P and 32P into root phospholipids at the final harvest. The reduction in P concentration in phospholipids coincided with reductions in relative growth rate of the whole plant by the final harvest, which were discussed in the first paper of this series.At high P concentrations, dry weight accumulation was related to the extent to which absorbed P was incorporated from the soluble to the lipid and residue fractions. While clover had higher dry weights and a greater incorporation capacity at high P.Correlation coefficients between dry weight and biochemical parameters showed that the best correlations between dry weight and any biochemical parameter was for the relationship between dry weight and residues P or lipid plus residue P content. A relationship between P uptake rate and root soluble P concentration indicated that root soluble P may have a feedback effect on P uptake. The negative feedback effect was greatest in stylo at high solution P concentration.

scholarly journals   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
J.U. Chandrakala ◽  
K.M. Manjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3&deg;C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (&ndash;12.3%) and grain yield (&ndash;17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT. &nbsp;

Effects of subsoil calcium on the root growth of some lucerne genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soil profiles

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
A Pinkerton ◽  
J Lazdovskis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

The root growth of lucerne was examined in an acidic soil profile modified by varying additions of calcium carbonate to different layers of the subsoil. Root growth responded strongly to changes in the concentration of exchangeable soil calcium. Symptoms of thickening, distortion and poor lateral formation occurred under low calcium treatments. The results were in agreement with the interacting effects of calcium (at 0.5–5.0mM) and aluminium ions (at 0–20,µM) on lucerne in separate solution culture experiments. Differences in root penetration were observed between three lucerne clones selected from the cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian. At the first harvest, the magnitude of these differences was increased by the addition of lime to the profiles. The three genotypes produced similar total dry weight yields, but differed in their distribution of growth between shoots and roots. This distribution was not affected by the addition of lime to the subsoil. However, the length of roots in the lower layer of the profile ( > 60 cm depth) was more responsive to subsoil treatment than was total dry weight. At the final harvest, the shoot yields of two genotypes were affected by lime treatments, but that of the deepest-rooted genotype was not. The results suggest that improved genotypes could be selected from Australian lucernes for establishment in areas with acidic subsoils, but that selection on root penetration alone would not necessarily lead to increased shoot yields.

scholarly journals POTATO RESPONSES TO FERTILIZER AND INDIGENOUS SOIL PHOSPHOROUS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 759F-759
Author(s):  
W.B. Evans ◽  
D.D. Warncke
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity ◽  
Phosphorous Level

Single-plant microplots of `Russet Norkotah' potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown outdoors in a 5 × 5 factorial RCBD of indigenous phosphorous level (200, 325, 450, 575, 700 kg·ha-1 Bray-Kurtz Pl extractable; McBride sandy loam) and banded triple super phosphate (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg P2O5/ha). Disease in the low P soil that was used to create the four lower P soil blends completely confounds response of the plants across indigenous P levels and might have accentuated responses within levels. Plants responded to fertilizer P with tuber yield increases of 100, 70, 40, and 10 percent within the 200, 325, 450, and 575 indigenous P levels, respectively. Fertilizer P also increased marketable yield and tuber P concentration. Neither indigenous nor fertilizer P altered tuber specific gravity. Companion studies compare the responses of corn (Zea mays L.) and potato to indigenous soil P levels and quantify P uptake among potato cultivars in solution culture.

scholarly journals Plant growth and phosphorus uptake in mycorrhizal rangpur lime seedlings under different levels of phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Nogueira ◽  
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) to arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), under P levels ranging from low to excessive. Plants were grown in three levels of soluble P (25, 200 and 1,000 mg kg-1), either inoculated with Glomus intraradices or left noninoculated, evaluated at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after transplanting (DAT). Total dry weight, shoot P concentration and specific P uptake by roots increased in mycorrhizal plants with the doses of 25 and 200 mg kg-1 P at 90 DAT. With 1,000 mg kg-1 P, mycorrhizal plants had a transient growth depression at 90 and 120 DAT, and nonmycorrhizal effects on P uptake at any harvesting period. Root colonization and total external mycelium correlated positively with shoot P concentration and total dry weight at the two lowest P levels. Although the highest P level decreased root colonization, it did not affect total external mycelium to the same extent. As a result, a P availability imbalance affected negatively the mycorrhizal symbiosis and, consequently, the plant growth.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY SIX POTATO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 614d-614
Author(s):  
William B. Evans ◽  
Darryl D. Warncke
Keyword(s):  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
General Nature ◽  
P Concentration

Six potato cultivars (Atlantic, Sebago, Onaway, Russet Burbank, Lemhi Russet,and Norland) were evaluated for phosphorus uptake efficiency in solution culture. Individual rooted cuttings of each cultivar were transferred from a standard 1/5 Hoagland's solution into solutions containing one of six P concentrations (0.05,0.1,0.22,0.5,1.1 and 2.3mg/l). After a 24h adjustment period P uptake was followed over a 6h period by collecting solution aliquots every two hours. All cultivars depleted the two lowest initial P concentrations to similar stable P concentration. The P uptake rate per unit length of root showed a sigmoidal relationship to the initial P solution concentration. The general nature of the P uptake relation to solution P concentration was similar among the cultivars, although the actual values varied. In general, P uptake rate increased from 5.0 × 10-4 at the lowest concentration to 7.0 × 10-2μg·cm-1·h-1 at the highest P solution concentration.

Significance of intracellular and secreted acid phosphatase enzyme activities, and zinc and calcium interactions, on phosphorus efficiency in wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin Gunes ◽  
Ali Inal
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars ◽  
Apase Activity

Phosphorus efficiency (PE), and its relationship with intracellular (APase) and secreted (S-APase) acid phosphatases, anthocyanin accumulation, and calcium and zinc nutrition, were compared among 8 cultivars of each of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil grown under greenhouse conditions with low and high rates of P supply in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Except for the chickpea cultivars, deficiency of P resulted in significant decreases in shoot dry weight of all the crop cultivars and led to significant decreases in root dry weight in wheat and sunflower, significant increases in root dry weight in chickpea, and no significant difference in root dry weight in lentil. PE differed greatly among species and their cultivars. On average, shoot P concentration in cultivars of wheat, sunflower, chickpea, and lentil increased by 44%, 54%, 47%, and 8%, respectively, with P supply, and the increases in P concentration differed greatly among cultivars of all species. Intracellular leaf APase activity of wheat and lentil cultivars was slightly decreased by P supply, while it was unchanged in sunflower and chickpea cultivars. However, root-secreted acid phosphatase (S-APase) activity was significantly reduced by P supply in wheat, sunflower, and chickpea cultivars. Under low-P conditions, S-APase activities of all species except sunflower were negatively correlated with PE. Phosphorus deficiency increased the anthocyanin concentration of the cultivars of wheat and sunflower, whereas it was usually decreased in cultivars of the P-efficient species chickpea and lentil. In general, concentration of Ca was found to be lower, but Zn concentration was higher, in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars. The results demonstrated that PE of the cultivars clearly depends on their ability to take up P and Zn, and on secretion of acid phosphatases from their roots under P deficiency. The results also suggest that characteristics of Zn and Ca nutrition should be taken into consideration when screening cultivars of crop species for their P efficiency.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. III. Correlations of dry matter accumulation with phosphorus pool sizes and their net transfer rate

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Chisholm ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Incorporation Rate ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Soluble P

Results of an experiment over five solution P concentrations ( 1 , 2, 4, 8, 16 8M P) and five harvests were used in a response surface approach to determine the size and incorporation rates of major plant P pools in white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Ladino) and stylo (Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano).At low P stylo had a greater total flux of P from the soluble P (inorganic P, ester P) pool to supply lipid and residue P (RNA, DNA, phosphoprotein) pools.At high P concentrations large soluble P pools in tops were associated with depressed dry weight accumulation in stylo compared to white clover. Possible reasons for this effect of soluble P, as related to photosynthetic rate, are discussed.Since both pool size and incorporation rate affected the efficiency of phosphorus use, the two measures were combined in a model of plant P use to assist in understanding reaction to high or low P. The model demonstrated the importance of maintenance of P supply to structural P pools, particulary phospholipids, at low P levels.Pool size and incorporation rate were combined as a transfer coefficient of P. RGR was best correlated with the transfer coefficients of structural (lipid, residue) pools in the roots rather than the tops. R2 values as high as 0.99 were obtained for relationships between structural P pools and dry weight. Strong correlations were also found when the data of both species were combined, including that the same factors were associated with RGR in different species. Selection for 'P efficiency' based on biochemical parameters is possible, but must take account of roots rather than simpler tops P concentrations.

Genotypic variation in phosphorus utilisation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Murr.] grown in various sparingly soluble P sources

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
Y. F. Qiao ◽  
X. Z. Han ◽  
S. J. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Total P

This study compared the utilisation of sparingly soluble P among soybean genotypes selected from 3 geographical regions with contrasting soil pH. Plants of 5 genotypes from each region were grown for 72 days in soil columns supplied with hydroxyapetite (Ca-P), AlPO4 (Al-P), or FePO4 (Fe-P) at a rate of 25 mg P/kg soil. NaH2PO4 (Na-P) was used as control at the same rate. Shoot weights ranged from 2.4 to 5.9 g/plant. On average, the genotypes selected from calcareous soils of north-west China produced the highest shoot biomass whereas those from neutral soils of the north-east region the least. Root biomass and root surface area followed the same trend. In contrast, the root-to-shoot weight ratio was highest in Fe-P and lowest in Na-P while root length in Na-P and Fe-P was greater than in the other P forms. The genotypes from the north-east region had higher P concentration in the shoot than those from the other 2 regions. Total P uptake ranged from 9.0 to 15.9 mg/plant for Na-P, and from 6.3 to 12.4 for the sparingly soluble P. Average total P uptake was the highest for the genotypes from the north-west region, and was greatest in Na-P and lowest in Fe-P. The genotypes from the north-east region displayed the greatest ability to use sparingly soluble P, and those from the north-west the least relative to Na-P. Total P uptake from the sparingly soluble P correlated highly with plant biomass production, N2 fixation and nodulation, and seed P, while the relative P uptake correlated highly with P concentration in shoots but neither correlated with root carboxylate release nor leachate pH. The results suggest that there is a substantial genotypic variation in utilisation of sparingly soluble P, which is related to early vigour, nodulation, and seed P reserve but not to origin site pH or root exudation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Starter Solution on Growth of Two Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill)Varieties in Sandy Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Desher
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment is conducted during the growing season of 2012 - 2013 on a sandy loam soil at Al-Berjsia researches station / Ministry of Agriculture , Basrah province , south of Iraq . The aim of study is to determine the effect of phosphate fertilizer starter solution  on the growth of Two Tomato( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ) varieties ( Hotuf and Speedy ) and P-uptake . Phosphate fertilizer as consternated super Phosphate (CSP)is applied at level 120 Kg P ha-1 . An equivalent of 0 , 0.05 , 0.10 and 0.20 % of Phosphor level are added as starter solution either at transplanting time or three days after transplanting . The remaining of Phosphorus level was applied to soil at two doses . Percentage of dead seedling , plant height , number of leaves plant-1 , number of branchesplant-1 , number of flower clusters plant-1 , shoot and root dry weight , P concentration in leaves and P-uptake by plant are investigated . The results showthat addition of CSP starter solution significantly decreases the percentage of dead seedling of compared with the control treatment. Plants received Phosphor starter solution show a higher growth parameters and P-uptake as compared with control treatment plants . Increasing the level of Phosphor starter solution from 0 to 0.20 % decreases percentage of dead seedling by 90.1 % and increased plant height by 19.23 % , number of leaves by 33 % , number of branches by 23.52 % , number of flower clusters by 69.24 % , shoot dry weight by 183.1 % , root dry weight by 175 % , P concentration by 60.8 % and P-uptake by 309.7% . Comparing between two tomato varieties ,results show thatSpeedy tomato varietyis more tolerant to transplanting and gives a higher growth and P-uptake ,the results show also tomato seedlings received starter solutions at three days after transplanting time appear more resistant to soil shuck of transplanting than those plants received starter solution at transplanting.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Starter Solution on Growth of Two Tomato(Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill)Varieties in Sandy Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Desher
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field experiment is conducted during the growing season of 2012 - 2013 on a sandy loam soil at Al-Berjsia researches station / Ministry of Agriculture , Basrah province , south of Iraq . The aim of study is to determine the effect of phosphate fertilizer starter solution  on the growth of Two Tomato( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ) varieties ( Hotuf and Speedy ) and P-uptake . Phosphate fertilizer as consternated super Phosphate (CSP)is applied at level 120 Kg P ha-1 . An equivalent of 0 , 0.05 , 0.10 and 0.20 % of Phosphor level are added as starter solution either at transplanting time or three days after transplanting . The remaining of Phosphorus level was applied to soil at two doses . Percentage of dead seedling , plant height , number of leaves plant-1 , number of branchesplant-1 , number of flower clusters plant-1 , shoot and root dry weight , P concentration in leaves and P-uptake by plant are investigated . The results showthat addition of CSP starter solution significantly decreases the percentage of dead seedling of compared with the control treatment. Plants received Phosphor starter solution show a higher growth parameters and P-uptake as compared with control treatment plants . Increasing the level of Phosphor starter solution from 0 to 0.20 % decreases percentage of dead seedling by 90.1 % and increased plant height by 19.23 % , number of leaves by 33 % , number of branches by 23.52 % , number of flower clusters by 69.24 % , shoot dry weight by 183.1 % , root dry weight by 175 % , P concentration by 60.8 % and P-uptake by 309.7% . Comparing between two tomato varieties ,results show thatSpeedy tomato varietyis more tolerant to transplanting and gives a higher growth and P-uptake ,the results show also tomato seedlings received starter solutions at three days after transplanting time appear more resistant to soil shuck of transplanting than those plants received starter solution at transplanting.

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