scholarly journals   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
J.U. Chandrakala ◽  
K.M. Manjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3&deg;C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (&ndash;12.3%) and grain yield (&ndash;17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Phosphorous Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Traits Using GWAS in Mungbean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Shouvik Das ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake

Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek) is an early maturing legume grown predominantly in Asia for its protein-rich seeds. P deficiency can lead to several physiological disorders which ultimately result in a low grain yield in mungbean. The genetic dissection of PUpE (Puptake efficiency) and PUtE (P utilization efficiency) traits are essential for breeding mungbean varieties with a high P uptake and utilization efficiency. The study involves an association mapping panel consisting of 120 mungbean genotypes which were phenotyped for total dry weight, P concentration, total P uptake, and P utilization efficiency under low P (LP) and normal P (NP) conditions in a hydroponic system. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed to dissect the complexity of PUpE and PUtE traits at the genetic level in mungbean. This has identified 116 SNPs in 61 protein-coding genes and of these, 16 have been found to enhance phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbeans. We identified six genes with a high expression (VRADI01G04370, VRADI05G20860, VRADI06G12490, VRADI08G20910, VRADI08G00070 and VRADI09G09030) in root, shoot apical meristem and leaf, indicating their role in the regulation of P uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbean. The SNPs present in three genes have also been validated using a Sanger sequencing approach.

scholarly journals Root phosphatase activity, plant growth and phosphorus accumulation of maize genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Set Up

The activity of the enzyme phosphatase (P-ase) is a physiological characteristic related to plant efficiency in relation to P acquisition and utilization, and is genetically variable. As part of a study on maize genotype characterization in relation to phosphorus (P) uptake and utilization efficiency, two experiments were set up to measure phosphatase (P-ase) activity in intact roots of six local and improved maize varieties and two sub-populations. Plants were grown at one P level in nutrient solution (4 mg L-1) and the P-ase activity assay was run using 17-day-old plants for varieties and 24-day-old plants for subpopulations. Shoot and root dry matter yields and P concentrations and contents in plant parts were determined, as well as P-efficiency indexes. Root P-ase activity differed among varieties, and highest enzimatic activities were observed in two local varieties -'Catetão' and 'Caiano' -and three improved varieties -'Sol da Manhã', 'Nitrodente' and 'BR 106'. 'Carioca', a local variety, had the lowest activity. Between subpopulations, 'ND2', with low yielding and poorly P-efficient plants, presented higher root P-ase activity as compared to 'ND10', high yielding and highly P-efficient plants. In general, subpopulations presented lower P-ase activities as compared to varieties. Positive and/or negative correlations were obtained between P-ase activity and P-efficiency characteristics, specific for the genotypes, not allowing inference on a general and clear association between root-secreted phosphatase and dry matter production or P acquisition. Genotypic variability must be known and considered before using P-ase activity as an indicator of P nutritional status, or P tolerance, adaptation and efficiency under low P conditions.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VIII. Ontogeny, growth, P acquisition and P utilization of Italian ryegrass and phalaris under P deficient and P sufficient conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Kemp ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Temporal Basis

The P efficiency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamk. cv Grasslands Tama) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv Sirosa) was compared on both a temporal and ontogenetic basis. As ontogeny and growth are interrelated, such a comparison allowed the growth and physiological responses to P level of the two species to be separated from responses due to the species being at different ontogenetic stages at the time of comparison. Plants were grown from seed through to anthesis under P deficient and P sufficient conditions in soil in a glasshouse. The ontogenies of Italian ryegrass and phalaris were similar, but the rate of development of Italian ryegrass was greater at both P rates. P deficiency resulted in arrested reproductive development in phalaris. At both P levels shoot, root and total biomass and net P uptake per plant by Italian ryegrass were greater than by phalaris when the two species were compared on a temporal basis, but when compared on an ontogenetic basis the two species were similar. There were some differences in the allocation of P between the acid-soluble P, lipid P, and residue P fractions, but biomass production was not determined by the efficiency of P utilization. The superior biomass production of Italian ryegrass on a temporal basis was due to its greater seed size and rate of ontogeny rather than differences in photosynthetic rate, unit leaf rate, leaf area ratio or shoot: root ratio. Similarly, the greater P uptake per plant of Italian ryegrass on a temporal basis was driven by its greater plant size and faster root extension rate rather than by P uptake per unit root length. The level of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection in the roots of the two species was similar under P deficiency but greater in phalaris under P sufficient conditions. Overall, the different temporal responses to P of Italian ryegrass and phalaris were largely related to their different rates of ontogeny and the interrelationships between ontogeny and growth rate rather than to differences in their physiology in relation to P acquisition and utilization.

scholarly journals Detection of QTL for phosphorus efficiency and biomass traits at the seedling stage in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Y. Yuan ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
F. Kong ◽  
Y. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the most vital nutrient elements in crop output and quality formation. In this study, four biomass, four P uptake efficiency (PupE), and three P-utilization efficiency (PutE) traits were investigated using a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of “SN0431 × LM21”, under hydroponic culture trials at low P (LP) and normal P (NP) levels in two different seasons, respectively. A total of 85 QTL were identified on 18 chromosomes except for 1D, 2A, and 3D. Among them, 36 and 42 QTL were detected under LP and NP, respectively, and seven QTL were simultaneously detected under LP and NP. Seventeen relatively high-frequency QTL (RHF-QTL) were detected. The average contributions of 13 major RHF-QTL were over 10.00%. Five important QTL clusters were detected on chromosomes 4D, 5A, and 5B. Among them, positive linkages were observed between PutE and biomass traits at four QTL clusters, C1, C2, C3, and C6, showing these loci may be hot spots for genetic control of both phosphorus utilization and biomass accumulation in wheat seedlings. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that three biomass traits (SDW, RDW, and TDW) should be used as primary selection indexes for PE at the seedling stage.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DAN PUPUK P TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT LEDA (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume) DI MEDIA TANAH PASCA TAMBANG Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and P Fertilizer on Seedling Growth of Leda (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Ida Rosita ◽  
Sri Wilarso B. ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
P Fertilizer

Leda (Eucalyptus deglupta) is one of fast growing species that prospecting for revegetation in post mined area. Leda is able to grow in poorly soil nutrient. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of AMF and P fertilizer on growth and P uptake of leda seedling. This research was conducted in split plot in Completely Randomize Design (CRD). The application AMF as a main plot consisted of 5 levels, namely M0 (control), M1(AMF from rubber plantation), M2 (AMF from primary forest), M3 (AMF from oil palm plantation), and M4 (AMF from natural rubber). The rock phosphate as subplot, consisted of three levels, such as 0 g P (P0), 2 g P (P1), and 5 g P (P2). The result showed that interaction between AMF from rubber plantation and 2 g of rock phosphate significantly gave the best effect for height and diameter of Leda while interaction between AMF-primary forest (M2) and P1 (2 g of rock phosphate) reach the best of the total dry weight. Both AMF from primary forest and oil palm plantation that combined with 2 g of rock phosphate give the best effect but was not significantly different for P uptake and P uptake efficiency.Key words: amf, growth, miychorrhiza, leda, p uptake, p efficiency

Characteristics of the canopy, root system and grain yield of a crop of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
EAN Greenwood ◽  
P Farrington ◽  
JD Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Parts

The time course of development of a lupin crop was studied at Bakers Hill, Western Australia. The aim was to gain insight into the crop factors influencing yield. Weekly measurements were made of numbers and weights of plant parts, and profiles of roots, leaf area and light interception. A profile of carbon dioxide in the crop atmosphere was taken at the time of maximum leaf area, and the net carbon dioxide exchange (NCE) of pods was estimated for three successive weeks. The crop took 10 weeks to attain a leaf area index (LAI) of 1 and a further 9 weeks to reach a maximum LAI of 3.75, at which time only 33% of daylight reached the pods on the main axis. Once the maximum LAI was attained at week 19, leaf fall accelerated and rapid grain filling commenced almost simultaneously on all of the three orders of axes which had formed pods. Measurements of NCE between pods on the main axis and the air suggest that the assimilation of external carbon dioxide by the pods contributed little to grain filling. Grain dry weight was 2100 kg ha-1 of which 30%, 60% and 10% came from the main axis, first and second order apical axes respectively. Only 23% of the flowers set pods and this constitutes an important physiological limitation to grain yield.

scholarly journals Phosphorus acquisition and internal utilization efficiency in tropical maize genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Netto Parentoni ◽  
Claudio Lopes de Souza Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Available P ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil Available P

The objective of this work was to determine the relative importance of phosphorus acquisition efficiency (PAE - plant P uptake per soil available P), and phosphorus internal utilization efficiency (PUTIL - grain yield per P uptake) in the P use efficiency (PUE - grain yield per soil available P), on 28 tropical maize genotypes evaluated at three low P and two high P environments. PAE was almost two times more important than PUTIL to explain the variability observed in PUE, at low P environments, and three times more important at high P environments. These results indicate that maize breeding programs, to increase PUE in these environments, should use selection index with higher weights for PAE than for PUTIL. The correlation between these two traits showed no significance at low or at high P environments, which indicates that selection in one of these traits would not affect the other. The main component of PUTIL was P quotient of utilization (grain yield per grain P) and not the P harvest index (grain P per P uptake). Selection to reduce grain P concentration should increase the quotient of utilization and consequently increase PUTIL.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variationin Dry Weight and Nitrogen Concentration of Wheat Plant Parts; Relations to Grain Yield and Grain Protein Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hafeez Malik ◽  
Allan Andersson ◽  
Ramune Kuktaite ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub Mujahid ◽  
Bismillah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Plant Parts

scholarly journals Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rates for Maize in the Northeast Plain of China for Sustainable Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiaohu Liu ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Lihui Yang ◽  
Yuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

Optimizing the phosphorus (P) application rate can increase grain yield while reducing both cost and environmental impact. However, optimal P rates vary substantially when different targets such as maximum yield or maximum economic benefit are considered. The present study used field experiment conducted at 36 experiments sites for maize to determine the impact of P application levels on grain yield, plant P uptake, and P agronomy efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits and private profitability, and to evaluated the agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically (EOPR) optimal P rate at a regional scale. Four treatments were compared: No P fertilizer (P0); P rate of 45–60 kg ha−1 (LP); P rate of 90–120 kg ha−1 (MP); P rate of 135–180 kg ha−1 (HP). P application more effectively increased grain yield, reaching a peak at MP treatment. The plant P uptake in HP treatment was 37.4% higher than that in P0. The relationship between P uptake by plants (y) and P application rate (x) can be described by the equation y = −0.0003x2 + 0.1266x + 31.1 (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.01). Furthermore, grain yield (y) and plant P uptake (x) across all treatments also showed a significant polynomial function (R2 = 0.787–0.846). The MP treatment led to highest improvements in P agronomic efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits (BY) and private profitability (BP) compared with those in other treatments. In addition, the average agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically optimal P rate (EOPR) in 36 experimental sites were suggested as 127.9 kg ha−1, 110.8 kg ha−1, and 114.4 kg ha−1, which ranged from 80.6 to 211.3 kg ha−1, 78.2 to 181.8 kg ha−1, and 82.6 to 151.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Economically optimal P application (EOPR) can be recommended, because EOPR significantly reduced P application compared with AOPR, and average economically optimal yield was slightly higher compared with the average yield in the MP treatment. This study was conducive in providing a more productive, use-effective, profitable, environment-friendly P fertilizer management strategy for supporting maximized production potential and environment sustainable development.

Responses to phosphorus among barley genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
G. K. McDonald ◽  
J. D. Taylor ◽  
X. Gong ◽  
W. Bovill
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Total P

Genetic improvement in phosphorus (P) use efficiency (i.e. the ratio of biomass or yield at nil P to that at a given rate of application) is an important goal to improve P recovery and P efficiency of farming systems. Experiments were conducted at three sites in South Australia between 2009 and 2011 to characterise genetic variation in yield with no applied P and in the response to P fertiliser among a diverse range of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes. In each experiment, 39–54 genotypes were grown at 0 or 30 kg P/ha. Responses to P were measured near the beginning of stem elongation by using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and by harvesting the grain. Rhizosheath size was also measured on seedlings. Consistent differences in growth and yield at 0 kg P/ha were measured among the genotypes. By contrast, there were large environmental effects on responses to P, but some genotypes showed consistent responses. Measurements of growth, yield and P uptake on a subset of genotypes showed that most of the variation in biomass and yield could be attributed to variation in P-uptake efficiency (net total P uptake per unit available P) rather than to P-utilisation efficiency (biomass or yield per unit total P uptake). The size of the rhizosheath made a small contribution to variation in NDVI but not grain yield, suggesting that rhizosheath size may be of some benefit to early growth but that this does not persist through to yield. Genetic correlations between NDVI and yield were often weak but were generally positive at 0 kg P/ha. Correlations between responses in NDVI and responses in grain yield were low and often negative. The study identified several barley genotypes that showed consistent differences in yield at low P and responses to P; however, selection for P efficiency based solely on responses in vegetative growth may not be appropriate. Variation in P uptake appeared to be more important than P-utilisation efficiency for P efficiency in barley.

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