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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Mendoza-Flores ◽  
Clara Elizabeth Galindo-Sánchez ◽  
M. del Pilar Sánchez-Saavedra

Abstract The irradiance level used to the microalgae cultures can modify the growth and proximate composition, however, this response is specie specific. The dinoflagellate group had the potential to be used as a source to biofuel production. In this study was evaluated the effect of five irradiance levels (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol photon m-2 s­-1) on the growth rate, proximal composition, pigment content, and photosynthesis of Amphidinium carterae. The highest cell concentration was for the cultures at 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (130 × 103 cells mL-1), and the lowest values for 50 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (49 × 103 cells mL-1). The cultures maintained under the low irradiance (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1) had the highest values of total dry weight (TDW) (13418 pg cell-1), organic dry weight (ODW) (3836 pg cell-1), and inorganic dry weight (IDW) (9582 pg cell-1). The protein content as the general trend increases significantly concerning the irradiance level, with the higher values (87.47 pg cell-1) at high irradiance (250 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Carbohydrate content was different by the effect of irradiance, with the higher values (32.85 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Lipid content was modified by the effect of irradiance, with the highest values (534.74 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). As a general trend, the high irradiances increased the photosynthesis curves. These findings demonstrate that the strain of A. carterae used in this work can grow in high irradiances (100 to 250 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and increase significantly the lipid content on low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1).


2022 ◽  
Vol 2153 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
J Vásquez-Coronel ◽  
A Altamirano-Fernández ◽  
S Espinoza-Meza ◽  
M Rodriguez-Gallardo

Abstract Drought is one of the main environmental factors that limit plant growth. For this reason, it is necessary to apply nursery cultural practices to produce quality seedlings for successful reforestation in drought- prone sites. In this study, the extreme learning machines and multilayer are applied to predict survival in 5-month-old Pinus radiataseedlings belonging to 98 families of a genetic improvement program and subjected to a period of water restriction in the nursery. After applying the water restriction, survival was registered in each seedling as a categorical variable (1 = alive seedling, 0 = dead seedling). Additionally, the following morphological attributes of each seedling were also measured: total height, root collar diameter, slenderness index, dry weight of needles, stems and roots, total dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio. The extreme learning machines predicted with a better rate the survival of the “alive” class compared to the “dead” class. On the other hand, the multilayer-extreme learning machines improved the precision of survival concerning the class of “dead” seedlings. According to the results of the model, an overall precision of 74% was obtained. This may be due to the great genetic variability presented by each of the Pinus radiatafamily used in the database. However, this technique allowed predicting the survival of a group of seedlings grown in the nursery, which can be a tool to support the selection process of high quality planting stock.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramtekey ◽  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
Deepali Kothari ◽  
Akanksha Singh ◽  
...  

Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-specific variations for the studied traits. Cultivated lentils exhibited higher P uptake and utilization efficiency as compared to the wild forms. The study, based on four different techniques, identified EC714238 as the most P use-efficient genotype. The genotypes identified in this study can be utilized for developing mapping populations and deciphering the genetics for breeding lentil varieties suited for low P environments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Basim Y. Alkhafaji ◽  
Roaa Jafar Elkheralla ◽  
Ahmed Salman Abdulhasan

This experiment was conducted in pots to study the effects of sewage sludge application on some morphological, physiological and accumulation characters of Vigna radiata. The experiment contained the following treatments: control (C) 0 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T1) 300 gm sludge/30 kg soil, (T2) 600 gm sludge/30 kg soil and (T3) 900 gm sludge/30 kg soil. All sludge treatments showed a significant increase in all morphological, physiological and accumulation characters compared with control. (T2 ) treatment gave a significant increase as compared to other treatments in all morphological characters (height of the plant, leaf area, and total dry weight for shoots and roots). It increased by 34.1 cm, 33.1 cm2, 29.8 gm and 3.3 gm, respectively, compared with the control. T2 treatment also gave significant values in all physiological characters (chlorophyll and protein content) as compared to other treatments and the control treatment, (2.60 μg/gm and 17.7%) respectively compared with the control. T3 treatment showed a higher accumulation of Cd and Pb in all plant parts, the root system showed greater susceptibility to bioaccumulation than the shoot system for both the heavy metals.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amin Salehi ◽  
Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi ◽  
Amin Mirshekari ◽  
Mohammad Hamidian ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) fungi can significantly reduce the adverse effects of water deficiency. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformis mosseae on nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári (Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three factors: water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) was applied along with Hoagland solution at three levels (0, -0.4 and -0.8 MPa), two German chamomile varieties (Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksari (Sor)) and AM inoculation (Funneliformis mosseae species (fungal and non-fungal)) at four replications in perlite substrate. ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing the adverse effects of water-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.


Author(s):  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Carolyn F. Scagel ◽  
Scott B. Lukas ◽  
Dan M. Sullivan

Excess salinity is becoming a prevalent problem for production of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium L. section Cyanococcus Gray), but information on how and when it affects the plants is needed. Two experiments, including one on the northern highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar, Bluecrop, and another on the southern highbush (V. corymbosum interspecific hybrid) cultivar, Springhigh, were conducted to investigate their response to salinity and assess whether any suppression in growth was ion specific or due primarily to osmotic stress. In both cases, the plants were grown in soilless media (calcined clay) and fertigated using a complete nutrient solution containing four levels of salinity [none (control), low (0.7–1.3 mmol·d−1), medium (1.4–3.4 mmol·d−1), and high (2.8–6.7 mmol·d−1)] from either NaCl or CaCl2. Drainage was minimized in each treatment except for periodic determination of electrical conductivity (EC) using the pour-through method, which, depending on the experiment, reached levels as high as 3.2 to 6.3 dS·m−1 with NaCl and 7.8 to 9.5 dS·m−1 with CaCl2. Total dry weight of the plants was negatively correlated to EC and, depending on source and duration of the salinity treatment, decreased linearly at a rate of 1.6 to 7.4 g·dS−1·m−1 in ‘Bluecrop’ and 0.4 to 12.5 g·dS−1·m−1 in ‘Springhigh’. Reductions in total dry weight were initially similar between the two salinity sources; however, by the end of the study, which occurred at 125 days in ‘Bluecrop’ and at 111 days in ‘Springhigh’, dry weight declined more so with NaCl than with CaCl2 in each part of the plant, including in the leaves, stems, and roots. The percentage of root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi also declined with increasing levels of salinity in Bluecrop and was lower in both cultivars when the plants were treated with NaCl than with CaCl2. However, leaf damage, which included tip burn and marginal necrosis, was greater with CaCl2 than with NaCl. In general, CaCl2 had no effect on uptake or concentration of Na in the plant tissues, whereas NaCl reduced Ca uptake in both cultivars and reduced the concentration of Ca in the leaves and stems of Bluecrop and in each part of the plant in Springhigh. Salinity from NaCl also resulted in higher concentrations of Cl and lower concentrations of K in the plant tissues than CaCl2 in both cultivars. The concentration of other nutrients in the plants, including N, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, was also affected by salinity, but in most cases, the response was similar between the two salts. These results point to ion-specific effects of different salts on the plants and indicate that source is an important consideration when managing salinity in highbush blueberry.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Ronaldo H Naiborhu

Illegal disposal of used oil causes soil contamination which can damage and reduce the soil productivity. Planting salam (Syzygium polyanthum) with the addition of cow manure and wood charcoal is expected to improve the characteristics of soil that was contaminated by used oil. This study analyzed the effect of giving cow fertilizer and wood charcoal on the growth of salam and determining the optimal dose to increase the growth of salam on contaminated soil by used oil. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors; that is cow manure and wood charcoal and using 60ml/kg of soil contaminated with used oil. This study shows that giving 90 gram of cow manure and 40 gram of wood charcoal gave the best response to total wet weight and root length. The application of 90 gram of cow manure and 20 gram of wood charcoal gave the best response to the diameter and application of 90 gram of cow manure gave the best response to the total dry weight of salam seeds. Giving cow manure and wood charcoal can also reduce the Pb content by 0,43 ppm. Keywords: cow manure, Syzygium polyanthum, used oil, wood charcoal


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Cecep Kusmana ◽  
Fadlilatul Hasanah

Mangrove forests are ecosystems located in tidal areas in coastal areas, beaches, and small islands. The area of ​​mangrove forests is decreasing due to the conversion of mangrove forests into fishponds, plantations, and timber exploitation. Mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation activities need to be carried out through planting. Avicennia alba is a pioneer mangrove species that grows in mangrove swamp habitats on sheltered coastal locations, as well as in the saltier parts of the coastline. The objectives of this research is to analyze the effect of planting media and shade intensity on the seedling growth of Avicennia alba. The study used a two-factor experimental design in a complete randomized design. The first factor is planting media and the second one in shade intensity. The results showed that the shading intensity most influenced the growth of Avicennia alba seedlings. The variables affected include height, diameter, number of leaves, total wet weight, and total dry weight. The treatment combination that gave the best results was A2N0, that means the planting medium in the form of a mixture of mud, sand and compost and without shade (0% shade). Keywords: Avicennia alba, growth, photosynthesis, planting media, shade intensity


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 936-945
Author(s):  
Vu Tien Binh ◽  
Sorgan S. K. Tai

The study was conducted to evaluate the germination, physiological responses, yield-related traits, and seed yield of three mungbean varieties, viz. DXVN7, DXVN5, and DX11, under waterlogging coditions in the 2019 Summer. In experiment 1, the seeds of the three mungbean varieties were immersed in distilled water in Petri dishes for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72h. Afterwards, water was removed and the percentage of germinated seeds was calculated at 84h after sowing. In experiment 2, plants were waterlogged at the seedling stage (25 days after germination) for 3, 6, and 9 days. Waterlogging depth was maintained at 3cm above the soil surface. Physiological traits were determined at the recovery period after termination of waterlogging (45 days after germination). The results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased germination percentages, plant height, root dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), SPAD value, Fv/Fm index, leaf photosynthesis, total dry weight, and seed yield of all varieties. Germination percentages at 12 and 24h of waterlogging were not significantly affected, whereas germination was significantly reduced at up to 36h of waterlogging. Seventy-two hours of waterlogging caused failure in germination. Nine days of waterlogging at the seedling stage adversely affected the physiological traits and seed yield of the mungbean varieties with 31% of yield reduction. Meanwhile, plants grew better at 3 days of waterlogging. Among the three varieties, DXVN7 showed the best adaptability under waterlogging conditions, attaining the highest seed germination and yield.


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