Variation in the morphology and flowering time of cluster clover (Trifolium glomeratum L.) and its relationship to distribution in southern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
FP Smith ◽  
PS Cocks ◽  
MA Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Growth Habits

Cluster clover is a widely distributed and ecologically successful introduced legume in southern Australia. In an attempt to understand the role of genetic variation in this success, morphological and physiological traits were measured in 94 accessions from southern Australia and 6 from the Mediterranean basin. Flowering time ranged from 105 to 185 days after sowing, but was not strongly correlated with annual rainfall or length of growing season at the site of collection. Variation in other traits partitioned the populations into two morphs which, apart from flowering time and leaf marker, were largely homogeneous. The morphs differed significantly in floret number per inflorescence (22 v. 32-37) and seed mass (379 8g v. 523 8g), had different growth habits and strong within-morph associations between leaf markers and stipule and petal coloration. The morphs differed in their distributions within southern Australia and the pattern of distribution was related to summer maximum temperatures, winter minimum temperatures and spring rainfall. These results demonstrate that genetic variation has been important to the success of cluster clover and suggests that the variation is organized. The pattern of variation observed and its relationship to ecogeography is consistent with findings for other highly inbreeding species. A map of the species distribution in Western Australia is presented.

The climate of Aldabra Atoll

1971 ◽  
Vol 260 (836) ◽  
pp. 67-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Instrumental Records

Meteorological observations made by members of the expedition since August 1967 are the first to appear from Aldabra which cover a sufficient time span to merit analysis. Data for the period November 1967 to October 1968 are compared with marine derived parameters available from climatological atlases. Aldabra experiences a 5- or 6-month wet season in most years and its climate may be classified as V 2 /V 3 . During midsummer 1967/8 a marked positive pressure anomaly was observed: this coincided with a 3-month failure of the monsoon. For 7 months of the year the southeast trade winds blow, with a constancy of more than 90%. Summer maximum temperatures average 32 °C (90 °F) at the Settlement synoptic station, but this station is atypical for much of the atoll where maximum temperatures are about 3 °C lower. Winter minimum temperatures average 22 °C (72 °F). The annual pattern of temperature fluctuation for Picard compares most closely with the Comoro Islands. Summer maxima are identical with Diégo Suarez values; winter minima with the Seychelles. The highest and lowest shade temperatures recorded in the year were 36.3 °C (97.4 °F) and 19.5 °C (67.1 °F). The diurnal temperature range varies little throughout the year, averaging 6.5 °C, though extremes of 11 °C are occasionally recorded. Lagoon water temperatures are tidally controlled. At springs mean values may exceed the local air shade temperature by more than 3 °C. This could lead to very high temperatures in the lagoon in summer, but the exact magnitude must be ascertained from future observations. Sunshine measurements have not yet been made on the atoll. Calculations of probable monthly sunshine totals based on cloud observations show that October is clearly the sunniest month with a computed average of 8.6 h/day; January and April are least sunny, with 5.4 h/day. The annual total calculated for Aldabra (2400 h average; 2100 h 1967/8) is considerably at variance with regional values shown on world maps of climatology (indicating 1800 h). This can be resolved only by obtaining instrumental records from the island. The mean annual rainfall of 670 mm (26.5 in) derived from 7 years records is strikingly lower than atlas predictions. It places Aldabra in the most arid sector of the western Indian Ocean. From 1950 to 1960 a sequence of pairs of wet and dry years can be discerned, with extreme yearly totals of 1200 and 350 mm (47 and 14 in). The monsoon may occasionally be as short as 2 months, and droughts of 3 months or more are recorded during the trades. In 1967/8 summer rainfall showed a continental-type bimodal distribution, though on average it shows a broad plateau tending towards a late summer maximum (cf. Lindi, Tanzania). In 1967/8, 42% of the yearly rainfall fell on 5 days as violent showers with more than 40 mm (1.6 in). Local climatic effects were investigated from an auxiliary meteorological station set up at Middle Camp, Passe Houareau. In October 1968 the mean trade-wind speed exceeded 9 m s -1 (19 knots) from 08h00 to 13h00; which indicates a tendency to underestimate its strength considerably when observing at Settlement. Appreciable east—west variation in rainfall totals occurred. It is this essential to evaluate any precipitation gradient which may exist during the monsoon, for rainfall totals from Picard may bear little relation to the southeastern region. Analysis of autographic charts indicates that relative humidity varies from stable night values of around 93% to minima of 70% during early afternoon. In late September/October, values as low as 50% have been recorded. A strongly semi-diurnal distribution of rainfall is shown by Dines tilting syphon raingauge charts, which correlates with the S 2 atmospheric tide. During the monsoon frequency of rain shows a pre-dawn maximum: during the trades a pre-dusk maximum, which is not typical of a truly oceanic atoll.

THE ROLE OF GRASSLAND IN MANAGEMENT

1968 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
B.K. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Very High ◽  
Wilting Point

THE PROPERTY to be discussed is a mixed sheep and cropping unit, situated ei ht a miles east of Ashburton and midway between the Ra aia and the Ashburton rivers. Average annual rainfall is 27 in., evenly spread, but there is very high summer evaporation and therefore frequent droughts. On average, the soil is below wilting point for 40 to 50 days each summer. Winters are cold with the soil temperature being below 48°F for about four months each year. The soil is a Lismore stony silt loam averaging 9 in. in depth over gravel.

Genetic background of cholesterol absorption efficacy. The role of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor and its genetic variation in lipid metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (34) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Harangi ◽  
István Balogh ◽  
János Harangi ◽  
György Paragh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Niemann Pick

A Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 egy szterolfelismerő domént tartalmazó membránfehérje, amelyet nagy számban expresszálnak csúcsi felszínükön a bélhámsejtek. Az utóbbi évek vizsgálatai azt igazolták, hogy ez a fehérje szükséges a szabad koleszterin bejutásához a bélhámsejtekbe a bél lumenéből. Biokémiai vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy a Niemann–Pick C1-like-1-hez kötődik az ezetimib, amely egy hatékony koleszterinfelszívódást gátló szer. A bélből történő koleszterinfelszívódás ütemében és az ezetimibkezelés hatékonyságában tapasztalt egyéni eltérések hátterében felmerült néhány Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 génvariáció oki szerepe.

The role of personality traits in initiating and maintaining addictive behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S307-S307
Author(s):  
M. Manea ◽  
B. Savu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Addictive Disorder ◽  
Substance Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIt is well known that certain personality traits are more linked to drug abuse than others. Psychiatrists are more likely to emphasize the importance of impulsivity in the connection with substance disorders but in the following study we found an important percentage of patients that have a substance abuse were linked to anxiety through impulsiveness as a personality trait.ObjectivesMost youths admitted for a substance abuse are highly impulsive. Our quest was to differentiate what component of impulsivity was more frequently linked to a substance use disorder.MethodsIn the study were included 50 patients admitted in the 3rd Psychiatric Clinic, Substance Dependences Department, Cluj-Napoca. For the identification of the drug abused we used the multitest screening kit in correlation with the results from the Forensic Medicine Institute of Cluj-Napoca. Each patient completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality.ResultsHigh scores on BIS-11 strongly correlated with attentional impulsiveness (Pearson's r correlation = .838) which means high inattention and cognitive instability this being linked with anxiety disorders. Cognitive Instability was correlated with Psychic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.29) and Motor Impulsiveness with Somatic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.3). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.ConclusionsThe underrecognized anxiety disorders in young adults whom are admitted for an addictive disorder prefrontal cortex is known to be the source of both impulsivity and could be linked to anxiety as well (valence asymmetry hypothesis). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals POPULATION GENETICS OF ALLOZYME VARIATION IN NEUROSPORA INTERMEDIA

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-805
Author(s):  
P T Spieth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Neurospora Intermedia ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Electrophoretically detectable variation in the fungus Neurospora intermedia has been surveyed among isolates from natural populations in Malaya, Papua, Australia and Florida. The principal result is a pattern of genetic variation within and between populations that is qualitatively no different than the well documented patterns for Drosophila and humans. In particular, there is a high level of genetic variation, the majority of which occurs at the level of local populations. Evidence is presented which argues that N. intermedia has a population structure analogous to that of an annual vascular plant with a high level of vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction appears to be a regular feature in the biology of the species. Substantial heterokaryon function seems unlikely in natural populations of N. intermedia. Theoretical considerations concerning the mechanisms underlying the observed pattern of variation most likely should be consistent with haploid selection theory. The implications of this constraint upon the theory are discussed in detail, leading to the presentation of a model based upon the concept of environmental heterogeneity. The essence of the model, which is equally applicable to haploid and diploid situations, is a shifting distribution of multiple adaptive niches among local populations such that a given population has a small net selective pressure in favor of one allele or another, depending upon its particular distribution of niches. Gene flow among neighboring populations with differing net selective pressures is postulated as the principal factor underlying intrapopulational allozyme variation.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Adaptive Hitchhiking Upon High Recombination inDrosophila simulans

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Quesada ◽  
Ursula E M Ramírez ◽  
Julio Rozas ◽  
Montserrat Aguadé
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Extended Haplotype ◽  
Major Haplotype ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

AbstractNatural selection is expected to leave a characteristic footprint on neighboring nucleotide variation through the effects of genetic linkage. The size of the region affected is proportional to the strength of selection and greatly reduced with the recombinational distance from the selected site. Thus, the genomic footprint of selection is generally believed to be restricted to a small DNA stretch in normal and highly recombining regions. Here, we study the effect of selection on linked polymorphism (hitchhiking effect) by surveying nucleotide variation across a highly recombining ∼88-kb genomic fragment in an African population of Drosophila simulans. We find a core region of up to 38 kb with a major haplotype at intermediate frequency. The extended haplotype structure that gradually vanishes until disappearing is unusual for a highly recombining region. Both the presence in the structured genomic domain of a single major haplotype depleted of variability and the detected spatial pattern of variation along the ∼88-kb fragment are incompatible with neutral predictions in a panmictic population. A major role of demographic effects could also be discarded. The observed pattern of variation clearly provides evidence that directional selection has acted recently on this region, sweeping out variation around a strongly adaptive mutation. Our findings suggest a major role of positive selection in shaping DNA variability even in highly recombining regions.

scholarly journals Low level of plasminogen increases risk for mortality in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Della-Morte ◽  
Francesca Pacifici ◽  
Camillo Ricordi ◽  
Renato Massoud ◽  
Valentina Rovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

AbstractThe pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and especially of its complications is still not fully understood. In fact, a very high number of patients with COVID-19 die because of thromboembolic causes. A role of plasminogen, as precursor of fibrinolysis, has been hypothesized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between plasminogen levels and COVID-19-related outcomes in a population of 55 infected Caucasian patients (mean age: 69.8 ± 14.3, 41.8% female). Low levels of plasminogen were significantly associated with inflammatory markers (CRP, PCT, and IL-6), markers of coagulation (D-dimer, INR, and APTT), and markers of organ dysfunctions (high fasting blood glucose and decrease in the glomerular filtration rate). A multidimensional analysis model, including the correlation of the expression of coagulation with inflammatory parameters, indicated that plasminogen tended to cluster together with IL-6, hence suggesting a common pathway of activation during disease’s complication. Moreover, low levels of plasminogen strongly correlated with mortality in COVID-19 patients even after multiple adjustments for presence of confounding. These data suggest that plasminogen may play a pivotal role in controlling the complex mechanisms beyond the COVID-19 complications, and may be useful both as biomarker for prognosis and for therapeutic target against this extremely aggressive infection.

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