scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera)

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Adams ◽  
TR Reardon ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Current Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Allozyme electrophoresis of 35 loci in 156 specimens of Australian bats belonging to the Molossidae was used to help elucidate the species-level taxonomy of the group in Australia. The electrophoretic data support the current species-level taxonomy of Tadarida australis and Chaerephon jobensis. However, for specimens currently allocated to the genus Mormopterus, the electrophoretic data fail to support any previous species-level account. On the electrophoretic data, a minimum of five species of the genus Mormopterus occur in Australia. A single specimen of a sixth species, whose generic affinities are undetermined, was also found.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. I. Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Adams ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
CHS Watts ◽  
T Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

The technique of allozyme electrophoresis is used in the present study to define species boundaries in Australian Eptesicus. Until 1976, only one species of Eptesicus (E. pumilus) was recognized in Australia. More recently, a further four species have been recognised (E. vulturnus, E. regulus, E. sagittula and E. douglasl). Results obtained from an allozyme electrophoretic analysis of 35 loci in 182 individuals show that there are a minimum of nine species of Eptesicus in Australia. Moreover, in some geographic areas, up to four species occur sympatrically. These results highlight the applicability and significance of allozyme electrophoresis for the dissection of species complexes.

The Use of Protein Electrophoresis for Determining Species Boundaries in Amphipods

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Electrophoretic Data

AbstractThe use of protein electrophoretic data for determining species boundaries in amphipods is addressed. Analysis of published literature on genetic differentiation in amphipods showed that pairs of allopatric populations which have genetic identities (I) above a value of 0.85 probably represent intraspecific populations, whereas pairs of populations which have genetic identities below about 0.45 probably represent different species. It was recommended that if I values fall between 0.45 and 0.85, additional factors such as evidence of a lack of gene flow between the populations, and concordant morphological variation should be considered.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of southern brown and golden bandicoots: implications for the taxonomy and distribution of endangered subspecies and species

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Kym Ottewell ◽  
Anna J. MacDonald ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Species ◽  
East West

Southern brown (Isoodon obesulus) and golden (Isoodon auratus) bandicoots are iconic Australian marsupials that have experienced dramatic declines since European settlement. Conservation management programs seek to protect the remaining populations; however, these programs are impeded by major taxonomic uncertainties. We investigated the history of population connectivity to inform subspecies and species boundaries through a broad-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of Isoodon taxa. Our analyses reveal a major east–west phylogeographic split within I. obesulus/I. auratus, supported by both mtDNA and nuclear gene analyses, which is not coincident with the current species or subspecies taxonomy. In the eastern lineage, all Tasmanian samples formed a distinct monophyletic haplotype group to the exclusion of all mainland samples, indicative of long-term isolation of this population from mainland Australia and providing support for retention of the subspecific status of the Tasmanian population (I. o. affinis). Analyses further suggest that I. o. obesulus is limited to south-eastern mainland Australia, representing a significant reduction in known range. However, the analyses provide no clear consensus on the taxonomic status of bandicoot populations within the western lineage, with further analyses required, ideally incorporating data from historical museum specimens to fill distributional gaps.

Genetic variation in the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Southgate ◽  
Mark Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Data Support

The taxonomic status of and genetic diversity amongst extant populations of the greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis, were assessed using allozyme electrophoresis. A total of 47 bilbies sampled from three geographic areas and two captive colonies were screened for 42 loci, six of which were polymorphic. The results are consistent with the view that all extant populations represent a single biological species. All populations were genetically very similar (Nei D's 0.000 to 0.004) and overall levels of within-population genetic variability were low (Ho 0.004 � 0.004 to 0.0026 � 0.017). The allozyme data support the hypothesis that there has been no significant loss of variability in the captive colonies when compared to the species as a whole.

scholarly journals KoT: an automatic implementation of the K/θ method for species delimitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Spöri ◽  
Fabio Stoch ◽  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
C. William Birky ◽  
Jean-François Flot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Fasta File ◽  
Genetic Theory ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
The Impact

K/θ is a method to delineate species that rests on the calculation of the ratio between the average distance K separating two putative species-level clades and the genetic diversity θ of these clades. Although this method is explicitly rooted in population genetic theory, it was never benchmarked due to the absence of a program allowing automated analyses. For the same reason, its application by hand was limited to small datasets of a few tens of sequences. We present an automatic implementation of the K/θ method, dubbed KoT (short for "K over Theta"), that takes as input a FASTA file, builds a neighbour-joining tree, and returns putative species boundaries based on a user-specified K/θ threshold. This automatic implementation avoids errors and makes it possible to apply the method to datasets comprising many sequences, as well as to test easily the impact of choosing different K/θ threshold ratios. KoT is implemented in Haxe, with a javascript webserver interface freely available at https://eeg-ebe.github.io/KoT/ .

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. III. The Nycticeiini?Scotorepens and Scoteanax (Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Adams ◽  
T Reardon ◽  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Two hundred and sixty two specimens of bats of the tribe Nycticeiini were sampled from throughout Australia, and their tissues subjected to aliozyme electrophoresis with a view towards delineating species boundaries. A total of 30 loci were resolved, detailed analysis of which revealed five species - greyii, sanborni, balstoni, orion and rueppellii. The specific boundaries recognized differ from ali previous treatments of Australian members, but are supported by the taxonomic arrangement proposed by Kitchener and Caputi (1985). The data also support separate generic recognition of rueppe/lii. Finally, the genetic data reveal a high level of population sub structuring in these bats.

scholarly journals Testing the reliability of standard and complementary DNA barcodes for the monocot subfamily Alooideae from South Africa

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabas H. Daru ◽  
Michelle van der Bank ◽  
Abubakar Bello ◽  
Kowiyou Yessoufou
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Data Set ◽  
As Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combined Data

Although a standard DNA barcode has been identified for plants, it does not always provide species-level specimen identifications for investigating important ecological questions. In this study, we assessed the species-level discriminatory power of standard (rbcLa + matK) and complementary barcodes (ITS1 and trnH-psbA) within the subfamily Alooideae (Asphodelaceae), a large and recent plant radiation, whose species are important in horticulture yet are threatened. Alooideae has its centre of endemism in southern Africa, with some outlier species occurring elsewhere in Africa and Madagascar. We sampled 360 specimens representing 235 species within all 11 genera of the subfamily. With three distance-based methods, all markers performed poorly for our combined data set, with the highest proportion of correct species-level specimen identifications (30%) found for ITS1. However, when performance was assessed across genera, the discriminatory power varied from 0% for all single markers and combinations in Gasteria to 63% in Haworthiopsis, again for ITS1, suggesting that DNA barcoding success may be related to the evolutionary history of the lineage considered. Although ITS1 could be a good barcode for Haworthiopsis, the generally poor performance of all markers suggests that Alooideae remains a challenge. As species boundaries within Alooideae remain controversial, we call for continued search for suitable markers or the use of genomics approaches to further explore species discrimination in the group.

Electrophoretic divergence of Myotis leibii and Myotis ciliolabrum (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1857-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Myotis Leibii

Myotis ciliolabrum has recently been recognised as a species distinct from Myotis leibii. Electrophoretic divergence between the two species exceeds that of subspecies of other bats and is similar to that found between other species. Fixed allelic differences at two loci suggested that no introgression occurs. The electrophoretic data support the conclusion that M. ciliolabrum and M. leibii are distinct species.

scholarly journals The Trichoptera barcode initiative: a strategy for generating a species-level Tree of Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1702) ◽  
pp. 20160025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Paul B. Frandsen ◽  
Ralph W. Holzenthal ◽  
Clare R. Beet ◽  
Kristi R. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Index Numbers ◽  
Reference Specimens

DNA barcoding was intended as a means to provide species-level identifications through associating DNA sequences from unknown specimens to those from curated reference specimens. Although barcodes were not designed for phylogenetics, they can be beneficial to the completion of the Tree of Life. The barcode database for Trichoptera is relatively comprehensive, with data from every family, approximately two-thirds of the genera, and one-third of the described species. Most Trichoptera, as with most of life's species, have never been subjected to any formal phylogenetic analysis. Here, we present a phylogeny with over 16 000 unique haplotypes as a working hypothesis that can be updated as our estimates improve. We suggest a strategy of implementing constrained tree searches, which allow larger datasets to dictate the backbone phylogeny, while the barcode data fill out the tips of the tree. We also discuss how this phylogeny could be used to focus taxonomic attention on ambiguous species boundaries and hidden biodiversity. We suggest that systematists continue to differentiate between ‘Barcode Index Numbers’ (BINs) and ‘species’ that have been formally described. Each has utility, but they are not synonyms. We highlight examples of integrative taxonomy, using both barcodes and morphology for species description. This article is part of the themed issue ‘From DNA barcodes to biomes’.

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