Cryptic invasion by Capsella rubella in Chile detected by ARMS–PCR

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Castro ◽  
Roberto Ovalle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
South America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Cryptic Invasion ◽  
Capsella Rubella ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Central South

Cryptic species are morphologically similar species that tend to be recognised as a single taxon. The genus Capsella contains two cryptic species, C. bursa-pastoris and C. rubella, which are sympatrically distributed on the Iberian Peninsula, but only one of them (C. bursa-pastoris) has been recognised as an introduced species in South America. In continental Chile, two specimens of C. rubella were collected from two distant sites, but it is unclear whether this indicates only local presence or a wider distribution. After extensive sampling throughout continental Chile, we analysed the diversity of collected Capsella specimens using molecular markers. Our aim was to establish the presence of C. bursa-pastoris and/or C. rubella in continental Chile. To this end, we used an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) to detect the trnD–trnY fragment of cpDNA, which allowed the differential amplification of polymorphic sites for both species. A subsample of these amplification products (n = 8 fragments) was sequenced and compared with previously documented sequences for C. bursa-pastoris and C. rubella. Of 188 plants, 96.8% were identified as C. bursa-pastoris and 3.2% as C. rubella. C. bursa-pastoris was collected at all localities (28°34ʹS–53°09ʹS), whereas C. rubella was collected only in central-south Chile (34°59ʹS–41°28ʹS). This confirms that both C. bursa-pastoris and C. rubella are present in continental Chile, although they apparently exhibit different abundances and ranges. Our results suggest efforts to elucidate distribution of both Capsella species in South America.

Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Monchenko ◽  
L. P. Gaponova ◽  
V. R. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

Two New Species of Aira (Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Javier López-Alvarado ◽  
Pere Fraga ◽  
Regina Berjano ◽  
M. Ángeles Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract—Two new diploid species, Aira minoricensis and Aira hercynica, are described and illustrated, along with chromosome counts, risk assessment, distribution and habitat, phenology, and comparisons with morphologically similar species. A comparative table and a key for the species of Aira for the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are provided to assist in the identification of these overlooked species, and their relationships to other taxa are discussed.

Genetic Variation in TNF-α, its Relation with Inflammatory Biomarkers and Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadiga Ahmed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Factor Α

Background: Tumor necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is encoded and controlled by TNF-α gene, which is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility. This research aimed to identify genetic variations of TNF-α (G308A) and to establish its association with inflammatory markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis predisposition. Methods: In the present study, fifty RA patients and fifty volunteers were involved and evaluated for the C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and TNF-α were estimated by ELISA, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) by Wintergreen method and for TNF-α-308 G>A polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction with amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS). Results: The CRP, RF, ESR and TNF-α were significantly elevated in RA patients relative to controls. The serum level TNF-α was also significantly elevated in female patients and in patients ≥50 years. Analysis of TNF-308 gene polymorphism revealed that GG genotypes were more prevalent in RA patients than in the healthy individuals and that GG genotype may be a potential factor to RA. The G allele was more common in RA than in the control. Elevated TNF-α serum levels were significantly associated the GG genotype and functional disability in RA patients. Conclusion: TNF-α promoter 308polymorphism GG genotype may be considered as a risk factor for RA and the TNF-α serum level was significantly related to the functional disability in the disease.

Molecular Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the Shenzhen Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Sheng Lin ◽  
Shiguo Chen ◽  
Qunyan Wu ◽  
Kaifeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
G6pd Gene ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Hotspot Mutations ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Generation Sequencing

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is caused by one or more mutations in the G6PD gene on chromosome X. This study aimed to characterize the G6PD gene variant distribution in Shenzhen of Guangdong province. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 33,562 individuals were selected at the hospital for retrospective analysis, of which 1,213 cases with enzymatic activity-confirmed G6PD deficiency were screened for G6PD gene variants. Amplification refractory mutation system PCR was first used to screen the 6 dominant mutants in the Chinese population (c.1376G&#x3e;T, c.1388G&#x3e;A, c.95A&#x3e;G, c.1024C&#x3e;T, c.392G&#x3e;T, and c.871G&#x3e;A). If the 6 hotspot variants were not found, next-generation sequencing was then performed. Finally, Sanger sequencing was used to verify all the mutations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The incidence of G6PD deficiency in this study was 3.54%. A total of 26 kinds of mutants were found in the coding region, except for c.-8-624T&#x3e;C, which was in the noncoding region. c.1376G&#x3e;T and c.1388G&#x3e;A, both located in exon 12, were the top 2 mutants, accounting for 68.43% of all individuals. The 6 hotspot mutations had a cumulative proportion of 94.02%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study provided detailed characteristics of G6PD gene variants in Shenzhen, and the results would be valuable to enrich the knowledge of G6PD deficiency.

scholarly journals Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid Detection of rpoB Gene Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanta Kumari Chaudhary ◽  
Mitesh Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Chaudhary ◽  
Bal Hari Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Arms Pcr ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rifampin Resistance

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a serious worldwide threat including in Nepal. MDR-TB refers to the pathological condition whereby Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes resistant to the first line of drug treatment i.e. rifampin and isoniazid. Resistance to rifampin (RIF) is mainly caused by the mutations in the rpoB gene which codes for the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. In this study, Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS – PCR) technique has been used to detect mutations in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Total DNA samples of 34 phenotypic MDR-TB were subjected to ARMS – PCR using three different codon specific primers (516, 526 and 531). These three codons occupy large portion of total mutation responsible for rifampin resistance. Out of the total DNA samples, all were bearing mutation in at least one of the three codons mentioned. Of those bearing mutation, the highest number had mutation in codon 531 (97.05 %) followed by codon 516 (17.64 %) and finally in codon 526 (11.76%) respectively. Hence, ARMS – PCR may be used as an alternative diagnostic technique for detection of rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, especially for a developing country like Nepal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 81-85

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