Genetic diversity patterns in an endangered desert shrub from north-western China: implications for conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Zhihao Su ◽  
Liuqiang Wang ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Xiaolong Jiang ◽  
Wenjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Western China ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
North Western

Tamarix taklamakanensis is an endangered shrub endemic to the Tarim Basin and adjacent Kumtag Desert in north-western China. Here, we used two chloroplast DNA sequences, namely, psbA-trnH and trnS-trnG, to examine the genetic diversity patterns of this species across its entire covered range. A total of nineteen haplotypes were detected. The total gene diversity within the species is high. Genetic variation mainly occurred among populations, SAMOVA groups, and geographic regions. The test for isolation-by-distance showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances, and the genetic landscape shape analysis showed a significant genetic divergence between the Tarim Basin and Kumtag Desert. T. taklamakanensis likely had a potential geographic range during the Last Glacial Maximum period that was much smaller than the present range predicted by ecological niche modelling. The cold and dry climate during the glacial periods of the Quaternary might be a driver of the genetic isolation and divergence detected within T. taklamakanensis, and climatic oscillations might account for the habitat fragmentation of the species. Within the inner of the basin, populations have a higher level of genetic diversity and harbor most of this genetic diversity, thus a nature reserves should be set up in this area for the in situ conservation. In addition, five genetically distinct groups within T. taklamakanensis should be treated as different management units (MUs) when implementing conservation activities.

scholarly journals Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292094917
Author(s):  
Misael D. Mancilla-Morales ◽  
Santiago Romero-Fernández ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez ◽  
José J. Flores-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Storm Petrel

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1– FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Vigna exilis and Vigna grandiflora (Phaseoleae, Fabaceae) from Thailand based on microsatellite variation

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anochar Kaewwongwal ◽  
Arunee Jetsadu ◽  
Prakit Somta ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Peerasak Srinives
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Microsatellite Variation ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Simple Sequence

The objective of this research was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of natural populations of two rare wild species of Asian Vigna (Phaseoleae, Fabaceae), Vigna exilis Tateishi & Maxted and Vigna grandiflora (Prain) Tateishi & Maxted, from Thailand. Employing 21 simple sequence repeat markers, 107 and 85 individuals from seven and five natural populations of V. exilis and V. grandiflora, respectively, were analyzed. In total, the markers detected 196 alleles for V. exilis and 219 alleles for V. grandiflora. Vigna exilis populations showed lower average values in number of alleles, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity, and outcrossing rate than V. grandiflora populations, namely 58.00% versus 114.60%, 51.96% versus 74.80%, 0.02% versus 0.18%, 0.40% versus 0.66%, and 3.24% versus 17.41%, respectively. Pairwise FST among populations demonstrated that V. exilis was much more differentiated than V. grandiflora. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 41.83% and 15.06% of total variation resided among the populations of V. exilis and V. grandiflora, respectively. Seven and two genetic clusters were detected for V. grandiflora and V. exilis by STRUCTURE analysis. Our findings suggest that different strategies are required for in situ conservation of the two species. All V. exilis populations, or as many as possible, should be conserved to protect genetic resources of this species, while a few V. grandiflora populations can capture the majority of its genetic variation.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of Rubus hyrcanus using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and morphological markers

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Sedighi ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractRubus hyrcanus is considered as an important wild blackberry species scattered around the Caspian Sea. In this research, ISSR and morphological markers were used to assess genetic diversity in several populations of R. hyrcanus from various geographical regions of Caspian Sea in Iran. Twenty-five populations of R. hyrcanus from three regions (North- Western (NW), North- Eastern (NE) and Central (C)) and one population from R. discolor were applied in this research. Ten primers were used to amplify bands out of which 157 (77.13%) were polymorphic. Cluster and Principle coordinate analyses (PCoA) showed the higher similarity of NE and NW populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the differences among three collection regions only accounted for 28.09% of the total variation, whereas differences among populations within groups were 66.03%. Analyses among three regions showed that the minimum gene diversity over loci was observed in NW (0.16) and NE (0.17), while the highest one was found in C (0.238) region. Furthermore, narrow genetic base and relatively high genetic differentiation obtained for studied R. hyrcanus genotypes. The results of morphological analysis in most cases corresponded to those obtained through molecular analyses.

scholarly journals Low Genetic Diversity of Declining Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) at its Southern Range Limits in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Paul ◽  
Elżbieta Cieślak ◽  
Michał Ronikier ◽  
Grzegorz Migdałek ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Declining Species

AbstractViola uliginosa(bog violet) is a declining species throughout its range due to – mostly anthropogenic – drying out of the wet habitats it occupies. Using AFLP markers, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity in Polish populations, that may give an insight into the situation of plant populations facing rapid loss of natural habitats.Bog violet from several dispersed Polish populations is generally characterized by very low genetic diversity (HT= 0.048), even lower than several other endangered violets; therefore, we suggest that it should preserve at least EN rank in the red lists/red data books. The mean gene diversity within all populations (HS) was much lower than gene diversity (GST) between populations (0.020 versus 0.583, respectively) which supports the prevalence of clonal propagation of the species (mainly by stolons) but may also point to some significance of autogamy in cleisto- and chasmogamous flowers. A highFSTvalue and the Mantel test for all populations revealed significant isolation by distance. Geographically neighboring pairs of populations formed genetic clusters supported by all (in the case of two closest populations) or most statistical analyses applied. Special attention should be paid to thelocus classicusof the species in Rząska, consisting of a small number of individuals, forming a genetically distinct group, revealing very low gene diversity (Hj= 0.009) and the longest genetic distance to the remaining populations. Our results can contribute to planning future protection measures for the species at this and other locations. Genetic structure of the studied populations suggests local affinities of populations but does not generally support hypothesized recent continuity ofV. uliginosarange along the river valleys of southern Poland; this view may, however, be altered with widening of the scope of studied populations and chosen molecular markers.

Phylogeography of the rare Gymnocarpos przewalskii (Caryophyllaceae): indications of multiple glacial refugia in north-western China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ma ◽  
M. L. Zhang ◽  
S. C. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Western China ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Gymnocarpos Przewalskii ◽  
North Western

We investigated the phylogeography of Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim. (Caryophyllaceae), a rare relictual shrub restricted to north-western China, in the context of Quaternary climate oscillations. Three cpDNA regions (psbA–trnH, ycf6–psbM and rpl32–trnL (UAG)) were sequenced for 160 individuals from 16 populations. High genetic diversity (hT = 0.930, hS = 0.425) and a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, P < 0.01) were identified; 31 different cpDNA haplotypes were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the haplotypes were clustered into five clades, consistent with their distributions in the following four geographic regions: the Tarim Basin, Hami Basin, the western Yumen of Gansu Province and an easternmost region, consisting of populations in the Wulate Rear Banner region in Inner Mongolia, the Jinta and Jingyuan regions in Gansu Province and the Zhongwei region in Ningxia. The existence of regional divergence was supported by AMOVA, which revealed that ~63% of variation was due to differences among the four geographic regions. Four independent glacial refugia were inferred, in the western Tarim Basin, Hami Basin, the Liuyuan region in western Gansu and the easternmost region mentioned. Population bottlenecks and postglacial recolonisation were identified in the northern Tarim Basin, western Yumen and the Jinta region in Gansu Province.

Silk Road riches no embarrassment

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (328) ◽  
pp. 654-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. James
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Western China ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Sven Hedin ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
The Silk Road

The survival of organicmaterials in the waterless fringes of the Takla Makan and Lop Deserts in the Tarim basin in Xinjiang (north-western China) has fascinated us for a century, since Sven Hedin, Aurel Stein and Albert von Le Coq found the remains of settlements and cemeteries at the Great Wall's lonely outposts and along the routes between China and Central Asia known as the Silk Road. The finds date from the Bronze Age to the later firstmillennium AD. In the 1980s and '90s, it was shown that the most striking of them, the Tarim 'mummies', belong to both Mongoloid and Caucasoid peoples (Mallory&Mair 2000). The archaeology here of public and domestic life is full of the kinds of surprises and contradictions that we are learning to expect—if not accept—with 'globalisation'. Development in the region is now prompting new discoveries but also looters, so the research is urgent.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Threatened African Tree Species,Milicia excelsa,Using Nuclear Microsatellites DNA Markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ouinsavi ◽  
Nestor Sokpon ◽  
Damase P. Khasa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Microsatellites Dna ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

To accurately estimate the genetic diversity and population structure for improved conservation planning ofMilicia excelsatree, 212 individuals from twelve population samples covering the species' range in Benin were surveyed at seven specific microsatellite DNA loci. All loci were variable, with the mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 5.86 to 7.69. Considerable genetic variability was detected for all populations at the seven loci (AR=4.60;HE=0.811). Moderate but statistically significant genetic differentiation was found among populations considering bothFST(0.112) andRST(0.342). All of the populations showed heterozygosity deficits in test of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and significantly positiveFISvalues due to inbreeding occurring in the species. PairwiseFSTvalues were positively and significantly correlated with geographical distances (r=0.432;P=.007, Mantel's test) indicating that populations are differentiated by “isolation by distance.” Bayesian analysis of population structure showed division of the genetic variation into four clusters revealing the existence of heterogeneity in population genetic structure. Altogether, these results indicate that genetic variation inMilicia excelsais geographically structured. Information gained from this study also emphasized the need for in situ conservation of the relict populations and establishment of gene flow corridors through agroforestry systems for interconnecting these remnant populations.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity and wilt disease resistance in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) germplasm from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Dawit Bedane Woubit ◽  
Shiferaw Eleni ◽  
Sileshi Fitsum ◽  
Assefa Mekonnen ◽  
Aklilu Shimeles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Abstract Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important crop in Ethiopia. Wide variability in hot pepper germplasm in Ethiopia is expected due to the presence of diverse environmental conditions and variation in farming systems. The present study was carried out to evaluate the resistance of 75 hot pepper accessions to wilt disease and assess their genetic diversity using SSR markers. Out of 75 accessions tested, the present study identified 23 accessions that showed resistance (R) with the value of 1-10% disease incidence. The genetic diversity assessment using 13 polymorphic SSR markers allowed the detection of 111 clear and scorable bands. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 13, with an average of 8.54. The PIC value ranged from 0.27 to 0.87 with an average of 0.59. The gene diversity indices were highly variable across SSR loci and ranged from 0.29 to 0.88 with mean genetic diversity of 0.62. Observed heterozygosity was also highly variable between loci (0.01-0.45) indicating that the accessions were not fixed to homozygosity. Furthermore, genetic diversity parameters were estimated among populations by grouping accessions based on their origin. Within populations, the PIC value ranged from 0.31 to 0.77. The genetic distances among the eight populations ranged from 0.15 to 0.48. The observed highest genetic diversity (0.80) in the Amhara region (Gojam) may indicate this area as the primary site for designing in situ conservation for this crop in Ethiopia. The research findings provide baseline information on disease resistance germplasm sources to be used for the breeding program, as well as the status of genetic diversity of the accessions for efficient conservation and proper utilization of the existing genetic resources in the country.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Eurycoma apiculata in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfahmi Zulfahmi ◽  
Parjanto Parjanto ◽  
Edi Purwanto ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Zulfahmi, Parjanto, Purwanto E, Yunus A. 2021. Genetic diversity and population structure of Eurycoma apiculata in Eastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4431-4439. Information on genetic variation within and among populations of Eurycoma apiculata plants is important to develop strategies for their conservation, sustainable use, and genetic improvement. To date, no information on genetic variation within and among populations of the E. apiculata has been reported. This study aims to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of E. apiculata based on RAPD markers, and to determine populations to collect E. apiculata genetic material for conservation and breeding programs. Young leaves of E. apiculata were collected from six natural populations. Fifteen RAPD primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of each population. The data obtained were analyzed with POPGEN and Arlequin software. The amplification results of 15 selected primers produced 3-16 loci with all primers 100% polymorphic. At the species level, the mean allele per locus (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei’s gene diversity index (He) and Shannon information index (I) were 2.000, 1.244, 100%, 0.167, and 0.286, respectively. At the population level, the mean values for Na, Ne, PPL, He and I were 1.393, 1.312, 39.27%, 0.119, and 0.186, respectively. The highest value of gene diversity within population (He) was found in the Lingga-1 population and the lowest value was found in the Rumbio population. The value of genetic differentiation among populations (GST) of E. apiculata is 0.284, consistent with the results of the AMOVA analysis which found that genetic variation among populations was 23.14%, indicates that the genetic variation of E. apiculata was more stored within populations than among populations. The gene flow (Nm) value of E. apiculata was 1.259 migrants per generation among populations. The Nm value of this species was high category, and could inhibit genetic differentiation among populations. The clustering of E. apiculata population based on the UPGMA dendrogram and PCA was inconsistent with its geographic distribution, reflecting the possibility that genes migration occurred between islands in the past. The main finding of this study was the genetic variation of the E. apiculata mostly stored within the population. Therefore, the population with the highest genetic diversity is a priority for in-situ conservation, and collection of E. apiculata genetic material for ex-situ conservation and breeding programs should be carried out minimum from Lingga-1 and Pokomo populations.

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