Low Genetic Diversity of Declining Viola uliginosa (Violaceae) at its Southern Range Limits in Poland

AbstractViola uliginosa(bog violet) is a declining species throughout its range due to – mostly anthropogenic – drying out of the wet habitats it occupies. Using AFLP markers, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity in Polish populations, that may give an insight into the situation of plant populations facing rapid loss of natural habitats.Bog violet from several dispersed Polish populations is generally characterized by very low genetic diversity (HT= 0.048), even lower than several other endangered violets; therefore, we suggest that it should preserve at least EN rank in the red lists/red data books. The mean gene diversity within all populations (HS) was much lower than gene diversity (GST) between populations (0.020 versus 0.583, respectively) which supports the prevalence of clonal propagation of the species (mainly by stolons) but may also point to some significance of autogamy in cleisto- and chasmogamous flowers. A highFSTvalue and the Mantel test for all populations revealed significant isolation by distance. Geographically neighboring pairs of populations formed genetic clusters supported by all (in the case of two closest populations) or most statistical analyses applied. Special attention should be paid to thelocus classicusof the species in Rząska, consisting of a small number of individuals, forming a genetically distinct group, revealing very low gene diversity (Hj= 0.009) and the longest genetic distance to the remaining populations. Our results can contribute to planning future protection measures for the species at this and other locations. Genetic structure of the studied populations suggests local affinities of populations but does not generally support hypothesized recent continuity ofV. uliginosarange along the river valleys of southern Poland; this view may, however, be altered with widening of the scope of studied populations and chosen molecular markers.

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Genetic Diversity Within and Among Populations of Shorea Robusta Roxb. Ex Gaertn. In Bangladesh and Its Implications for Conservation

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 405-412

Author(s):

Pragga Saha Sharmi ◽

Md Abul Kashem ◽

Rifat Samad ◽

Mohammad Zabed Hossain

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Size ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Small Population ◽

Deciduous Forests ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographical Regions

Fragmentation and reduction of natural population size render threats to the conservation of forest resources through depletion of genetic diversity. Hence, information on genetic structure of Sal (Shorea robusta Roxb. ex Gaertn.) populations is relevant for proper management and conservation of the tropical deciduous forests. The present study focused on assessing the genetic diversity of the populations of Sal which was the dominant tree species of the deciduous forests of Bangladesh. Plant leaf samples were collected from the three populations of Sal distributed in the three geographical regions including Madhupur tract in the districts Tangail and Gazipur and that of the districts of Cumilla and Dinajpur. DNA band profiles were generated using eight ISSR primers for a total of 13 samples taken from the three populations. Statistical analysis was done using PopGen 32 and GenAlEx 6.5 softwares. Principal coordinate analysis done on the DNA band profiles revealed that Sal populations of Madhupur tract and Cumilla positioned nearby while Dinajpur showed maximum genetic distance with that of Cumilla. Mantel test showed significant (p=0.05) correlation between genetic and geographic distances indicating “Isolation by Distance”. Data of the present study indicated higher genetic polymorphism (68.87%) in the Sal population of Madhupur tract compared to other two populations. Small population size of Sal of Dinajpur forest might be related with its low genetic diversity. Data of the present study suggest immediate attention for the conservation of Sal forests in Bangladesh before further genetic erosion occurs. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 405-412, 2021 (June)

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Population Genetic Structure of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10100319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Nam ◽

Park ◽

Lee

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Study Results ◽

Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽

Genetic Clusters

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of A. gossypii populations in Korea. Samples were collected from 37 locations in Korea (18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018) from pepper plants. A. gossypii had low to moderate genetic diversity, and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.354 to 0.719. A Mantel test of isolation by distance indicated no relationship between genetic structure and geographic distance among all populations (r2 = 0.0004, p = 0.370), suggesting high gene flow among populations in Korea. Populations of A. gossypii in Korea were divided into two distinct genetic clusters (ΔK = 2). In 2016 and 2017, the genetic clusters changed into opposite genetic structures within one year mostly in northwest and southeast parts of Korea. Possible relevance of study results was discussed. Chemical control, cyclical parthenogenesis, and immigrants from the exterior might have resulted in this low genetic diversity and opposite genetic clusters.

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Genetic diversity in populations of <i>Erica andevalensis</i>, a vulnerable metallophyte species from the Iberian Peninsula

Web Ecology ◽

10.5194/we-8-135-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Bandeira de Albuquerque ◽

S. Rodríguez-Echeverría ◽

H. Freitas

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Genetic Isolation ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

Low Genetic Diversity ◽

Spanish Populations ◽

Erica Andevalensis

Abstract. Erica andevalensis is an endemic vulnerable species that grows in metal-polluted soils from the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The genetic diversity of six E. andevalensis populations from Portugal and Spain was studied using PCR Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). The obtained data showed that a) there is a very low genetic diversity within the populations from Portugal, and b) the populations sampled in Portugal are genetically different from the Spanish populations. The lack of genetic diversity in the Portuguese populations suggests the existence of founder effects and subsequent genetic isolation. Plant genetic diversity was also low in the Spanish populations, although the analysis showed that the studied populations were different among them. A Mantel test of the correlation between genetic and geographic distances was significant evidencing the genetic isolation by distance of the studied populations. The distinctiveness and low genetic diversity of the Portuguse populations emphasizes the importance of taking measures for their conservation.

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Genetic Diversity of Wild Oat (Avena fatua)Populations from China and the United States

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-06-108.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Runzhi Li ◽

Shiwen Wang ◽

Liusheng Duan ◽

Zhaohu Li ◽

Michael J. Christoffers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

The United States ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Nei's Distance ◽

The Impact

Weed genetic diversity is important for understanding the ability of weeds to adapt to different environments and the impact of herbicide selection on weed populations. Genetic diversity within and among six wild oat populations in China varying in herbicide selection pressure and one population in North Dakota were surveyed using 64 polymorphic alleles resulting from 25 microsatellite loci. Mean Nei's gene diversity (h) for six wild oat populations from China was between 0.17 and 0.21, and total diversity (HT) was 0.23. A greater proportion of this diversity, however, was within (Hs= 0.19) rather than among (Gst= 0.15) populations. For the wild oat population from the United States,h= 0.24 andHT= 0.24 were comparable to the values for the six populations from China. Cluster analysis divided the seven populations into two groups, where one group was the United States population and the other group included the six Chinese populations. The genetic relationships among six populations from China were weakly correlated with their geographic distribution (r= 0.22) using the Mantel test. Minimal difference in gene diversity and small genetic distance (Nei's distance 0.07 or less) among six populations from China are consistent with wide dispersal of wild oat in the 1980s. Our results indicate that the wild oat populations in China are genetically diverse at a level similar to North America, and the genetic diversity of wild oat in the broad spatial scale is not substantially changed by environment, agronomic practices, or herbicide usage.

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Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

Tropical Conservation Science ◽

10.1177/1940082920949177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 194008292094917

Author(s):

Misael D. Mancilla-Morales ◽

Santiago Romero-Fernández ◽

Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez ◽

José J. Flores-Martínez ◽

Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Population Genetic Structure ◽

Mate Selection ◽

Gulf Of California ◽

Population Genetic ◽

Life Histories ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Storm Petrel

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1– FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.

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Genetic diversity patterns in an endangered desert shrub from north-western China: implications for conservation

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt18192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 571

Author(s):

Zhihao Su ◽

Liuqiang Wang ◽

Li Zhuo ◽

Xiaolong Jiang ◽

Wenjun Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tarim Basin ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Western China ◽

Niche Modelling ◽

Diversity Patterns ◽

North Western

Tamarix taklamakanensis is an endangered shrub endemic to the Tarim Basin and adjacent Kumtag Desert in north-western China. Here, we used two chloroplast DNA sequences, namely, psbA-trnH and trnS-trnG, to examine the genetic diversity patterns of this species across its entire covered range. A total of nineteen haplotypes were detected. The total gene diversity within the species is high. Genetic variation mainly occurred among populations, SAMOVA groups, and geographic regions. The test for isolation-by-distance showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances, and the genetic landscape shape analysis showed a significant genetic divergence between the Tarim Basin and Kumtag Desert. T. taklamakanensis likely had a potential geographic range during the Last Glacial Maximum period that was much smaller than the present range predicted by ecological niche modelling. The cold and dry climate during the glacial periods of the Quaternary might be a driver of the genetic isolation and divergence detected within T. taklamakanensis, and climatic oscillations might account for the habitat fragmentation of the species. Within the inner of the basin, populations have a higher level of genetic diversity and harbor most of this genetic diversity, thus a nature reserves should be set up in this area for the in situ conservation. In addition, five genetically distinct groups within T. taklamakanensis should be treated as different management units (MUs) when implementing conservation activities.

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Genetic diversity and structure of Jatropha curcas L. in its centre of origin

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262114000550 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

M. Salvador-Figueroa ◽

J. Magaña-Ramos ◽

J. A. Vázquez-Ovando ◽

M. L. Adriano-Anaya ◽

I. Ovando-Medina

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Random Mating ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Reproductive Pattern ◽

Chain Reactions ◽

Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽

Centre Of Origin ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure

To investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Jatropha curcas L. oilseed plant, in this study, native populations from Chiapas, Mexico, were evaluated, using microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 93 representative samples were selected from seven sites in two regions in the state of Chiapas grouped by geographical proximity, where leaf samples were collected to isolate the genomic DNA. Individual polymerase chain reactions were carried out with ten pairs of specific oligonucleotides for the microsatellites of J. curcas, separating the products of amplification by acrylamide electrophoresis. Twenty-seven fragments were detected (77% polymorphic) with which heterozygous individuals were distinguished. The most informative microsatellite was Jcps20 (nine alleles, polymorphic index content 0.354). The average polymorphism per population was 58%. The Hardy–Weinberg tests revealed a reproductive pattern of non-random mating. The diversity descriptors and the analysis of molecular variance revealed that the populations were structured and moderately differentiated (FST 0.087) and that this differentiation was not due to isolation by distance, as the Mantel test was not significant (P= 0.137), but rather due to allopatry. Bayesian analysis revealed that the accessions belonged to only four genetic groups and confirmed the differentiation between the regions. Because some loci were in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium, it is proposed that differentiation is due to the clonal reproduction of J. curcas practised by farmers in Chiapas, along with the anthropogenic dispersion at regional levels. The results of this study reveal that J. curcas in Chiapas has genetic diversity that is greater than that reported in other parts of the world, which represents a potential germplasm pool for the selection of genotypes.

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Does silvoagropecuary landscape fragmentation affect the genetic diversity of the sigmodontine rodent Oligoryzomys longicaudatus?

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3842 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3842 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniela Lazo-Cancino ◽

Selim S. Musleh ◽

Cristian E. Hernandez ◽

Eduardo Palma ◽

Enrique Rodriguez-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Landscape Fragmentation ◽

Native Forest ◽

Least Cost Path ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Forest Patches ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽

Oligoryzomys Longicaudatus

Background Fragmentation of native forests is a highly visible result of human land-use throughout the world. In this study, we evaluated the effects of landscape fragmentation and matrix features on the genetic diversity and structure of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the natural reservoir of Hantavirus in southern South America. We focused our work in the Valdivian Rainforest where human activities have produced strong change of natural habitats, with an important number of human cases of Hantavirus. Methods We sampled specimens of O. longicaudatus from five native forest patches surrounded by silvoagropecuary matrix from Panguipulli, Los Rios Region, Chile. Using the hypervariable domain I (mtDNA), we characterized the genetic diversity and evaluated the effect of fragmentation and landscape matrix on the genetic structure of O. longicaudatus. For the latter, we used three approaches: (i) Isolation by Distance (IBD) as null model, (ii) Least-cost Path (LCP) where genetic distances between patch pairs increase with cost-weighted distances, and (iii) Isolation by Resistance (IBR) where the resistance distance is the average number of steps that is needed to commute between the patches during a random walk. Results We found low values of nucleotide diversity (π) for the five patches surveyed, ranging from 0.012 to 0.015, revealing that the 73 sampled specimens of this study belong to two populations but with low values of genetic distance (γST) ranging from 0.022 to 0.099. Likewise, we found that there are no significant associations between genetic distance and geographic distance for IBD and IBR. However, we found for the LCP approach, a significant positive relationship (r = 0.737, p = 0.05), with shortest least-cost paths traced through native forest and arborescent shrublands. Discussion In this work we found that, at this reduced geographical scale, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus shows genetic signs of fragmentation. In addition, we found that connectivity between full growth native forest remnants is mediated by the presence of dense shrublands and native forest corridors. In this sense, our results are important because they show how native forest patches and associated routes act as source of vector species in silvoagropecuary landscape, increasing the infection risk on human population. This study is the first approach to understand the epidemiological spatial context of silvoagropecuary risk of Hantavirus emergence. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of landscape fragmentation in order to generate new predictive models based on vector intrinsic attributes and landscape features.

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Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

Author(s):

FATEMEH AZIMISHAD ◽

MASOUD SHEIDAI ◽

SAYED MEHDI TALEBI ◽

ZAHRA NOORMOHAMMADI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Species Relationships ◽

Species Relationship

Abstract. Azimishad F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2019. Species relationship and genetic diversity in some Iranian Lamium L. species using ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 20: 1963-1972. Lamium is a widespread and taxonomically complex genus of Lamiaceae which comprises of 16-38 species. This genus is represented in Iran by nine species. In the present study, we used morphological and molecular (ISSR, Cp DNA, and nrITS) data to evaluate species relationships, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the genus. 27 morphological characteristics, including 13 qualitative and 14 quantitative, and ten ISSR markers were used for morphological and genetical evaluation of 73 accessions from eight taxa. In general, species relationships obtained from morphological and molecular data were largely congruent. In the morphological study, characteristics like the life form, leaf shape, absence/existence of bracts and shape of corolla, were distinctive traits and we did not encounter intermediate forms. Our findings indicated a very high efficiency of the ISSR markers in the identification and delimitation of Lamium species. These results confirmed the placement of L. galeobdolon in the genus Lamium and segregation of L. purpureum and L. garganicum in section Lamium. AMOVA analysis revealed that the species of this genus are genetically differentiated. Nm analysis showed very low value of gene flow among the studied species and mantel test indicated isolation by distance occurred among them.

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Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analysis of a Tunisian Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum Var. Durum) Collection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51248/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maroua Ouaja ◽

Bochra Amina Bahri ◽

Lamia Aouini ◽

Sahbi Ferjaoui ◽

Maher Medini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The South ◽

Population Structure Analysis

Abstract Background: Tunisia is a center of genetic diversity of durum wheat and has a large number of abandoned old local landraces. An accurate investigation and characterization of the morphological and genetic features of these landraces would allow their rehabilitation and use for practical and beneficial purposes. In this context, a collection of 304 local accessions of durum wheat, collected from five regions and three climatic zones of central and southern Tunisia, was studied. Results: Morphological characterization was carried out using 12 spike-related traits and rendered a mean Shannon-Weaver Index (H') of 0.80 indicating the presence of a high level of polymorphism among accessions. Based on these traits 11 local landraces, namely Mahmoudi, Azizi, Jneh Khotifa, Mekki, Biskri, Taganrog, Biada, Badri, Richi, Roussia and Souri were identified. Spike length (H’=0.98) and shape (H’=0.86) with grains size (H’=0.94), form (H’=0.87) and color (H’=0.86) were the most polymorphic morphological traits. The genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers, with a polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.69. Levels of genetic diversity were generally high, with a Shannon's Information Index (I) of 0.62 and a gene diversity (He) of 0.35. In addition, population structure analysis distinguished 11 genetic groups resulted from STRUCTURE and Mantel test showed a significant correlation between genetic and morphological distances. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed high genetic variations within regions (81%) and wheat subpopulations (41%) showing a considerable amount of admixture between landraces realized by farmers; as well as a moderate (19%) and high (59%) genetic variations among regions and wheat subpopulations, indicating practices of selection pressure conducted by farmers. The Mahmoudi landrace showed spike densities significantly different between the center to the south of Tunisia; notably loose spikes with open glumes in the south and compact ones in the center, which may represent an adaptation form for tolerance to high temperature. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the genetic richness of local resources for better in situ or ex situ conservation and for their subsequent use in plant breeding programs.

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