The susceptibility of rare and threatened NSW species to the root-rot pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi: 1. Initial testing and identification of key research questions

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. H. Wan ◽  
Keith L. McDougall ◽  
Edward C. Y. Liew
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Pathogen Recovery

In Australia disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi can have devastating impacts on native vegetation, especially on plant species with restricted distributions. The identification of susceptible threatened species is a crucial first step in understanding disease aetiology and selecting appropriate management. In a glasshouse trial, plants of 16 rare and threatened New South Wales native species from 10 families were inoculated with the pathogen. Phebalium squamulosum spp. alpinum was included as a susceptible control. We found that three species are highly susceptible to the pathogen (Nematolepis rhytidophylla (Albr. & N.G.Walsh) Paul G.Wilson, Prostanthera marifolia R.Br., Pultenaea sp. ‘Genowlan Point’); four others (Hibbertia spanantha Toelken & A.F.Rob, Phebalium bifidum P.H.Weston & M.J.Turton, Plinthanthesis rodwayi (C.E.Hubb.) S.T.Blake, Pomaderris delicata N.G.Walsh & Coates) are likely to be susceptible based on symptoms. The remaining species had few or no plant deaths and no pathogen recovery from the roots. All of the species regarded as highly susceptible are known from single populations. Following these results, subsequent research will assess the efficacy of prophylactic treatment on highly susceptible threatened species, and test whether glasshouse tests are indicative of field responses. Other threatened species will also be tested for susceptibility.

Mammal surveys in the forests of the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range in north-east New South Wales.

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
J. Barker ◽  
D. Lunney ◽  
T. Bubela
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North East ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Fauna Composition ◽  
Eucalypt Forests ◽  
Open Forests

Mammal surveys were carried out on the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range in north-east New South Wales between March 1988 and November 1989. The emphasis was placed on rainforest mammals, following the recognition by Adam ( 1987) that the species lists of mammals in the state's rainforests were incomplete and that more research was needed. The mammals were surveyed primarily by analysis of prey remains in Dog and Fox scats, collected from roads throughout the forests, and from bat trapping. The bat fauna at both the Carrai Plateau and Richmond Range is rich (1 0 species and nine species respectively, including the rare Golden-tipped Bat, Kerivoula papuensis, in the Richmond Range). Scat analysis revealed the presence of 24 native species on the Carrai Plateau, and on the Richmond Range there were 17 species, including high numbers of two pademelon species. Feral prey species are almost completely absent, although the Fox is an established predator in both areas. A sharp division was identified between the mammal faunas of closed and open forests. Differences were found also between the mammal fauna composition of the two rainforest sites, and with those of nearby eucalypt forests. The mammal fauna of New South Wales rainforests is distinct from open forests and future mammal surveys are needed to ensure an adequate level of knowledge to identify and conserve these areas.

The Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at Two Sites in Southern Western Australia and at Durras in South-Eastern New South Wales.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blowes ◽  
WA Heather ◽  
N Malajczuk ◽  
SR Shea
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Australian

Native forest at Durras in south-eastern New South Wales and Jarrahdale in south-western Western Australia was examined for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi by two sampling and isolation techniques. With the lupin seeding baiting technique, randomly selected samples of soil and fine roots collected from the New South Wales site yielded P. cinnamomi when baited, while similar baiting of comparable samples from Western Australia failed. Direct plating of samples of upper roots and root collars of recently dead Banksia grandis from Western Australian sites yielded P. cinnamomi, while this organism was not isolated from comparable samples of chlorotic Macrozamia communis collected at the New South Wales site. The results suggest that the form of occurrence of P. cinnamomi and its association with disease in Australia vary in different situations. Viewing each situation independently might ensure the adoption of control/prevention strategies appropriate to all.

scholarly journals The 10 Lords of the Universe respond to Lim

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Adam ◽  
Tony Auld ◽  
Doug Benson ◽  
Peter Catling ◽  
Chris Dickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Universe

Lim (1997) has recently presented a critique of aspects of the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act (TSCA), and in particular of the role of the Scientific Committee established by the Act.

Susceptibility of low chill peach rootstocks to Phytophthora spp

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
P Broadbent ◽  
MB Barkley ◽  
M Sriskanthadas ◽  
CJ Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Peach Rootstocks

Peach seedlings (Prunus persica L. Batsch cv. Ansbacher, Boyles, Clarke's Shanghai, Neilson (Fred Hill), Okinawa, O'Meara, Richens Nos 1,2 and 3, Tomm's Early and Tomm's Shanghai), which are commonly used as rootstocks for low chill peaches in coastal New South Wales, were all susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora and to a lesser extent P. parasitica, P. citricola, P. cryptogea, and P. megasperma, when tested by stem inoculations in the glasshouse. Myrobalan H29C plum (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) cuttings showed more resistance than peach seedlings. Variety of seedling peach was highly significant in stem inoculation experiments, but the performance of each varied between experiments. Root inoculations in aerated nutrient solution showed all rootstocks were susceptible to P. cinnamomi, but Neilson (Fred Hill) peach was more tolerant than other seedling peaches and less tolerant than Myrobalan H29C plum. No recommendation could be made on a rootstock for low chill peaches more tolerant of root and collar rots and waterlogging.

The genetic diversity and distinctiveness of the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus (Gray, 1854) in New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Pope ◽  
Andy Sharp ◽  
Craig Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feral Animals ◽  
Species Being

Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (YFRW) Petrogale xanthopus have declined in numbers since European settlement from past hunting for skins, habitat disturbance and predation and competition with feral animals (Gordon et al. 1978, 1993; Copley 1983; Henzell 1990). This has led to the species being classed as potentially vulnerable to extinction in Australia (Kennedy 1992), and endangered in New South Wales (Schedule 1, Threatened Species Conservation Act, 1995).

Ecological attributes of the threatened fauna of New South Wales

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
A. L. Curtin ◽  
D. Fisher ◽  
D. Ayers ◽  
C. R. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Status ◽  
Threatened Fauna

The aims of this study were to identify common ecological patterns among threatened fauna in New South Wales, and to identify priority areas for research and management by determining which regions and habitats contain high numbers of threatened fauna. Threatened and non-threatened fauna were taken from the listings of Lunney et al. (1996, 1997). Species were categorized into weight classes, diet groups, habitats and regions and by level of knowledge available about them. All regions and habitats of the State contain threatened species. The northeastern region of New South Wales contains the greatest number of threatened species but the western region has suffered the most extinctions, especially of mammals. Species that historically inhabited a greater number of regions are less likely to be currently threatened or to be extinct than those with restricted distributions, and large species are more likely to be threatened than smaller species. The best predictors of a threatened mammals species were seeds and vegetation in the diet, heavier body weight, and ground-dwelling, burrowing, and rock pile/cave-dwelling habits. The Critical Weight Range (35?5 500g), although strongly associated with extinction of non-volant mammals, was not the most important predictor. Lord Howe Island held the highest proportion of threatened and extinct birds. Factors showing the strongest associations for threatened birds were carnivory, large size, and distribution in the southeastern region. The most poorly-known region for birds was the north-east, and the least known habitat was shrubland (including mallee, heath and chenopod shrubland). The status of reptiles was poorly known in all regions, especially the western region. Frogs were also poorly known in all regions. Frogs were most at risk if they were large, inhabited closed forest or occurred in the central or northeastern region. The study further revealed little association between particular ecological attributes and conservation status. This indicates that there are complex and pervasive threats affecting the status of New South Wales fauna. Research and management priority status could be argued for all regions and most habitats in the State, but the western or northeastern regions may face the most problems depending on the criteria used (e.g., past extinctions, number vs proportion of threatened species). Further, the conservation status of birds, reptiles and frogs is in particular need of attention from researchers.

The conservation and ecology of rainforest pigeons in northeastern New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Date ◽  
H. F. Recher ◽  
H. A. Ford ◽  
D. A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Food Source ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Conservation And Management

A survey of conservation reserves, rainforest remnants and agricultural districts in northeastern New South Wales was conducted to determine the abundance, movements and habitat requirements of rainforest pigeons, to evaluate the extent and use of suitable habitat in conservation reserves, and to provide guidelines for the conservation and management of rainforest pigeons. Eight species of rainforest pigeon occur in northeastern New South Wales. Commencing with the clearing of rainforest in the 1860s for agriculture, rainforest pigeons declined in abundance throughout New South Wales and by the 1970s five species were thought to be threatened in the state. Since then, rainforest pigeons have apparently increased in abundance and distribution, but the Wompoo, Rose-crowned and Superb Pigeons continue to be listed by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service as vulnerable and rare. However, populations of all species of rainforest pigeons in New South Wales are relatively small and vulnerable to further loss of habitat. Most rainforest pigeons show a preference for subtropical rainforest habitat, but moist eucalypt forests, gardens and weedy exotic vegetation along roads and on abandoned farmland are also frequented to varying degrees by different species. To investigate recent trends in pigeon abundance we used data collected for up to 12 years from eight sites and during 1988, 1989 and 1990 from 17 rainforest remnants in northeastern New South Wales. The data suggest that rainforest pigeons now occur more frequently in lowland agricultural areas than in the recent past and tend to confirm an increase in abundance since the 1970s. Nesting and foraging habitats for rainforest pigeons are extensive in the conservation reserve system of northeastern New South Wales, but these habitats, which are largely at high elevations, lack winter food resources. Instead, pigeons congregate in remnant rainforest and exotic berry-bearing trees and shrubs in agricultural areas at lower elevations and near the coast. They rely on these habitats for food during winter and it is the restricted extent of this habitat that probably limits their abundance, not the area or quality of habitat at higher elevations. The conservation and management of rainforest pigeons requires the protection of low elevation and coastal rainforest remnants. As development of northeastern New South Wales proceeds, to avoid a decline in the abundances of rainforest pigeons it will be necessary to protect sclerophyll forest with native or exotic fruit bearing trees and shrubs and to extend the area of suitable habitat by the regeneration of rainforest and by the planting of native species used by pigeons as a food source. This will become increasingly important as the control and removal of exotic plants, such as Lantana Lantana camara and Camphor Laurel Cinnamonum camphora, on which some pigeons depend as a winter food source, becomes more successful.

The feasibility of applying a cost-effective approach for assigning priorities for threatened species recovery with a case study from New South Wales, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit K. Szabo ◽  
Sue V. Briggs ◽  
Rachel Lonie ◽  
Linda Bell ◽  
Richard Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Biodiversity Management ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Key Terms

May (2002) estimated that the current rate of extinction of species globally is 100?1000 times background rates. Hence a primary goal of biodiversity management is to bring the rate of extinction back to normal levels. Conservation managers face two interrelated problems: limited time and money, and how to allocate the finite available resources (Bottrill et al. 2008, 2009). In this paper we tackle the second of these problems. Definitions of key terms are in Appendix 1.

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