Aluminium accumulation in the Australian–New Guinea flora

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Webb
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Tolerances ◽  
Aluminium Accumulation ◽  
High Aluminium

Eighty aluminium-accumulating species were detected among 1324 species tested from the Australian–New Guinea flora. Accumulation was most strongly developed in certain dicotyledons (69 spp.) and Filicales (11 spp.). A high aluminium content of the organs of accumulating plants appears to be associated with normal metabolism. Recorded accumulators are mainly restricted to what are usually regarded as the more primitive groups in dicotyledons and Filicales, suggesting that, accumulation is a physiological relic in these groups. Obligate accumulators are confined to leached acid soils from a variety of parent materials, in comparatively high-rainfall areas. The re-deposition of aluminium in vegetable debris beneath Australian rain-forest communities dominated by accumulators (e.g. Ceratopetalum apetalum D. Don.) may be an important ecological and pedogenic factor. The significance of accumulation is discussed along biochemical, ecological, and taxonomic lines. There is evidence that accumulation is an adjunct of specialization (i.e. relatively narrow physiological tolerances), chiefly among tree species able to exploit impoverished soils in relatively primitive, generally tropical, mesic habitats. Accumulation seems a useful special character to supplement other data in the clarification of some taxonomic problems.

scholarly journals Pengaruh priming terhadap vigor benih kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril.) yang dikecambahkan pada media dengan cekaman alumunium

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Agustiansyah Agustiansyah ◽  
Paul B Timotiwu ◽  
Nabila Lutfiah
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Aluminium ◽  
Improve Seed Germination

Kandungan aluminium yang tinggi pada tanah Ultisol merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam budidaya tanaman kedelai mulai dari fase perkecambahan hingga pertumbuhan tanaman. Perlakuan priming pada benih diyakini mampu memperbaiki perkecambahan pada lingkungan yang kurang menguntungkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh priming pada perkecambahan benih kedelai yang dikecambahkan dalam media masam dan mengandung aluminium. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis priming : tanpa priming, H2O (air), KNO3 1%, KNO3 2%, GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, dan PEG 6000 7,5%. Faktor kedua adalah varietas kedelai yaitu: Anjasmoro, Burangrang, dan Grobogan. Data dianalisis sidik ragamnya dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) 5% menggunakan program statistika R Studio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan priming PEG 7,5% dan varietas Burangrang secara mandiri merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk meningkatkan vigor benih kedelai berdasarkan variabel waktu muncul kecambah, kecepatan perkecambahan, dan panjang hipokotil. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah PEG 7,5% dapat digunakan untuk perbaikan perkecambahan pada tanah masam dengan kandungan aluminium yang relatif tinggi. High aluminium content in Ultisol is the main problem in soybean cultivation from germination to planting growth phases.Priming treatment is believed to improve seed germination in a poor-growing environment. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming of soybean seeds germinated under acid medium and aluminium stress. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern. The first factor was priming type : no priming, H2O (water), 1% KNO3, 2% KNO3, 50 ppm GA3, 100 ppm GA3, and 7.5% PEG 6000. The second factor was soybean variety : Anjasmoro, Burangrang, and Grobogan.  The data obtained were analyzed using the R Studio statistic program with a 5% HSD test. The study resulted that each PEG 7.5% priming and Burangrang  variety independently was the best in increasing soybean seed vigor based on sprout time emergence, germination speed and hypocotyl length. This research implicates that PEG 7.5% can be used to improve seed germination on acid soils with high aluminium content. 

Yams and megapode mounds in the lowland rain forest of Papua New Guinea

Human Ecology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Dwyer ◽  
Monica Minnegal
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

Hydrotalcite Formed by Alteration of R7T7 Nuclear Waste Glass and Basaltic Glass in Salt Brine at 190°C

1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdelouas ◽  
J. L. Crovisier ◽  
W. Lutze ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
W. Bernotat
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Basaltic Glass ◽  
Alteration Product ◽  
Nuclear Waste Glass ◽  
Salt Brine ◽  
High Aluminium ◽  
Early Alteration

ABSTRACTThe R7T7 and synthetic basaltic glasses were submitted to corrosion in a saline MgCl2dominated solution at 190°C. For both glasses, the early alteration product is a hydrotalcite-like compound in which HPO42-, SO4-2and Cl-substitutes to CO32. The measured d003spacing is 7.68 Å for the hydrotalcite formed from R7T7 glass and 7.62 Å for the hydrotalcite formed from basaltic glass which reflect the high aluminium content. Chemical microanalyses show that the hydrotalcite is subsequently covered by a silica-rich gel which evolves into saponite after few months.

Architecture of Trees in the Rain Forest of Morobe District, New Guinea

Biotropica ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Halle
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea

scholarly journals Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a New Guinea rain forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
Anthony R. Clarke ◽  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Solomon Balagawi ◽  
Barbara Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Single Genus

Frugivorous dacine fruit flies were studied in a lowland tropical rain forest in Papua New Guinea to determine their host specificity, abundance, and the number of species attacking various plant species. Plant species hosted 0–3 fruit fly species at median (1–3 quartile) densities of 1 (0–17) fruit flies per 100 fruits. Fruit flies were mostly specialized to a single plant family (83% species) and within each family to a single genus (88% species), while most of the species (66%) were able to feed on >1 congeneric plant species. Only 30 from the 53 studied plant species were colonized by fruit flies. The plant–fruit fly food web, including these 30 plant species and the total of 29 fruit fly species feeding on them, was divided into 14 compartments, each including 1–8 plant species hosting mutually disjunct assemblages of fruit flies. This structure minimizes indirect interactions among plant species via shared herbivores. The local species pool was estimated at 152±32 (±SE) fruit fly species. Forty per cent of all taxonomically described species known from Papua New Guinea were reared or trapped in our study area. Such a high proportion indicates low beta-diversity of fruit flies. Steiner traps were highly efficient in sampling the lure-responsive fruit fly species as they re-collected 84% of all species trapped in the same area 5 y before. Fruit fly monitoring by these traps is a cheap, simple and efficient method for the study of spatial and temporal changes in rain-forest communities.

Treefall Gap Dynamics in a Tropical Rain Forest in Papua New Guinea

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arison Arihafa ◽  
Andrew L. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Gap Dynamics ◽  
Treefall Gap

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of tree species distribution in New Guinea primary and secondary lowland rain forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Fibich ◽  
Jan Lepš ◽  
Vojtěch Novotný ◽  
Petr Klimeš ◽  
Jakub Těšitel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

A revision of the Australian Tortricini, Schoeotenini, and Chlidanotini, (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
IFB Common
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Cape York

The Australian Tortricini, Schoenotenini, and Chlidanotini together include 40 species in 17 genera. The Tortricini which are represented by 16 species in six genera, fall into two groups, the Phricanthes group with two genera and the Eboda group with four genera. Phricanthes Meyr. contains four Australian species, P. peistica and P. diaphorus being described as new. The other two species have a wide distribution abroad. The larvae attack plants in the family Dilleniaceae. The endemic genus Scolioplecta Meyr. includes seven widely scattered species, of which S. exochus and S. allocotus are described as new. A new species, A. diapella, from the Cape York Peninsula is referred to Amboyna Razowski, based on an Indonesian species. Anameristes, gen. nov. is a monotypic genus from north Queensland rain forest, established for Eboda cyclopleura Turn. Eboda Walk, contains one Australian species, and a series of others in the Indo- Malayan and Papuan areas. Asterolepis Razowski includes three species from Australia and New Guinea, with A. earina from Cape York and A. brandti from Papua described as new. The Schoenotenini are represented by 19 Australian species in seven genera. Two elements are distinguished. The Proselena group ranges from India to the New Hebrides and Rapa, including eastern Australia and New Zealand, while the Schoenotenes group has reached its greatest diversity in New Guinea. Proselena Meyr, has two species; Syncratus, gen. nov. has two new species, S. scepanus and S. paroecus; Tracholena, gen, nov., with type species Cnephasia sulfurosa Meyr., has three species; and Palaeotoma Meyr. is monotypic. The larvae of Proselena are leaf miners in Bursaria, those of T. sulfurosa tunnel in the bark of exotic Cupressus, while Palaeotoma has larvae boring in insect galls on Eucalyptus. Larval characters of these are discussed and compared with those of the New Zealand Prothelymna and Dipterina. The wide-ranging Diactenis Meyr., with a single new Australian species D. tryphera, may also belong to this group. Two genera of the Schoenotenes group are known from Australia. Cornuticlava Diak. includes three rain forest species in northern Queensland, including C. aritrana and C. phanera described as new. Epitrichosma Low. contains seven Australian species, one of which comes from the Darwin area, another E. hesperia, sp. nov. from south-western Australia, one from rain forest in southern Queensland and eastern New South Wales, and four including two new species E. ceramina and E. metreta from north-eastern Queensland. The last also occurs in New Guinea. The Chlidanotini contain five Australian species in four genera. Trymalitis Meyr. and Caenognosis Wals. are small but widely distributed Old World genera. The two new monotypic endemic genera Daulocnema, based on D. epicharis, sp. nov., and Leurogyia, based on L. peristictum, sp. nov., are described. The venation, genitalia, mouth-parts, and other adult structures, used to distinguish the genera, together with the larval characters of a few species, are discussed and figured. The genitalia of both sexes and the wings of the Australian species are figured and keys to the genera and species are given.

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