Reactions of titanium(IV) chloride with formic acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
RC Kumar ◽  
OB Baidya ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
Disubstituted Product

Titanium(IV) chloride reacts with formic acid to give the disubstituted product, Cl2Ti(OOCH)2, at low temperatures and the hydrolysed product (OH)2Ti(OOCH)2 at higher temperatures. These compounds have been characterized by elementary analysis, infrared and thermal measurements. The possibility of these solvolysed products acting as Lewis acids has also been explored.

Enhancing the Feasibility of Pd/C-catalyzed Formic Acid Decomposition for Hydrogen Generation – Catalyst Pretreatment, Deactivation, and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kosider ◽  
Dominik Blaumeiser ◽  
Simon Schoetz ◽  
Patrick Preuster ◽  
Andreas Bösmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Acid Decomposition ◽  
Catalyst Pretreatment ◽  
Formic Acid Decomposition ◽  
Catalyst Systems

Formic acid decomposition (FAD) generates H2 at low temperatures. However, many known catalyst systems suffer from deactivation due to competing side reactions during FAD. In this work, we focus on...

Reactions of iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides with formic acid

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Paul ◽  
OB Baidya ◽  
AJ Kaur ◽  
RD Sharma ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures

Formic acid reacts with iron(II) and iron(III) chlorides to give FeCl(OOCH),HCOOH and FeCl2(OOCH),2H2O at low temperatures and Fe(OOCH)2,2HCOOH and FeCl(OOCH)2,H2O at higher temperatures respectively. These compounds have been characterized by elementary analyses, infrared, thermal and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Reductive de-polymerization of kraft lignin with formic acid at low temperatures using inexpensive supported Ni-based catalysts

Fuel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanhua Huang ◽  
Nubla Mahmood ◽  
Yongsheng Zhang ◽  
Matthew Tymchyshyn ◽  
Zhongshun Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Supported Ni

scholarly journals Taming Super Lewis Acids for Catalysis: The Family of Ferrocene-Stabilized Silicon Cations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Oestreich ◽  
Hendrik Klare ◽  
Kristine Müther ◽  
Roland Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Deficiency

Tricoordinate silicon cations are exceptionally strong electron pair acceptors, so strong that they react with almost any σ and π basic molecule. In order to use such reactive intermediates in synthetic chemistry, Lewis acid catalysis in particular, we have designed intramolecularly stabilized silylium ions whose electron deficiency is attenuated by an adjacent, electron-rich ferrocenyl fragment. Here we wish to present the synthesis and structural characterization of these unique transition metal-stabilized silicon cations which reveal an unprecedented bonding situation different from its isoelectronic analogues. The potential of this motif is further highlighted in challenging Diels–Alder reactions, which are catalyzed at low temperatures with exceptional reaction rates and selectivities.

Efficient Depolymerization of Alkaline Lignin to Phenolic Compounds at Low Temperatures with Formic Acid over Inexpensive Fe–Zn/Al2O3 Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 7121-7130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Lu ◽  
Xiaojun Zhu ◽  
Haoquan Guo ◽  
Han Que ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Small Heater for use in Thermal Measurements at Low Temperatures

1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1372-1372
Author(s):  
J. E. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Measurements

ENTROPY CHANGES AT LOW TEMPERATURES. I. FORMIC ACID AND UREA. A TEST OF THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

1920 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1533-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gibson ◽  
W. M. Latimer ◽  
G. S. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entropy Changes ◽  
Third Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Third Law

Orthoamide, LVII [1]. Lassen sich aromatische Aldehyde nach Fries aus Arylformiaten hersteilen? / Orthoamides, LVII [1]. Can Aromatic Aldehydes be Prepared from Aryl Formates via the Fries Rearrangement?

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Ziegler ◽  
Erwin Haug ◽  
Wolfgang Frey ◽  
Willi Kantlehner
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Fries Rearrangement

The aromatic hydroxyaldehydes 3a-3g, 5a-5f, 8 , 10 can be prepared by the action of BCl3, BBr3 or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, on the aryl formates 1a-1f, 4a-e, 7, 9 via Fries rearrangement. BBr3 is more effective than BCl3. The activating ability of BBr3 can be improved by addition of FeCl3. Rearrangements which are induced by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid can give rise to the formations of regioisomers, which might be different from the products formed when the reaction is performed with Lewis acids. The yields of the aldehydes are lowered by subsequent condensation reactions. This view was confirmed by the isolation of a condensation product, which was characterized as a dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivative 6 by crystal structure analysis. For the Fries rearrangement of formyl groups a new mechanism is proposed. 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde 5c can be obtained in good yield from formic acid, BBr3, and 2 -naphthol.

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