The reactivity of p-nitrophenyl esters with surfactants in apolar solvents. V. p-Nitrophenyl acetate in benzene solutions of butane-1,4-diamine bis(dodecanoate)

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ O'Conner ◽  
TD Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Micellar Catalysis ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Arrhenius Parameters

The rate of decomposition of p-nitrophenyl acetate in benzene in the presence of butane-1,4-diamine bis(dodecanoate) (budb) has been measured at temperatures between 333 and 353 K. The data fit a rate equation which consists of a term arising from micellar catalysis and a term arising from a bimolecular reaction between the ester and the components of budb. Arrhenius parameters have been estimated for the two reaction modes and compared with newly extended data for the similar reaction with dodecylammonium propionate (dap). 13C n.m.r. analysis of the products from there action of p-nitrophenyl propionate in the presence of dap has revealed that the amide is formed by an aminolysis reaction. The decrease in reaction rate observed with increasing water concentration is interpreted in terms of a biphasic water environment.

The reactivity of p-nitrophenyl esters with surfactants in nonaqueous solvents. I. p-Nitrophenyl acetate in benzene solutions of dodecylammonium propionate

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ O'Conner ◽  
RE Ramage
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Micellar Catalysis ◽  
Nonaqueous Solvents ◽  
Arrhenius Parameters

The rate of decomposition of p-nitrophenyl acetate, pnpa, in benzene in the presence of dodecyl-ammonium propionate, dap, has been measured at temperatures between 288 and 308 K. The proposed rate equation consists of a term arising from micellar catalysis and a term arising from a bimolecular reaction between the ester and the components of dap. Arrhenius parameters have been estimated for the two reaction modes. Literature data related to similar reactions have been reviewed.

Modeling of Gas Turbine Combustors—A Convenient Reaction Rate Equation

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kretschmer ◽  
J. Odgers
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Mass ◽  
Rich Mixtures ◽  
Reaction Rate Equation

In order to model a practical combustion system successfully, it is necessary to develop one or more reaction rate equations which will describe performance over a wide range of conditions. The equations should be kept as simple as possible and commensurate with the accuracy needed. In this paper a bimolecular reaction is assumed, based upon a simple mass balance. Temperatures derived from the latter are related to measured practical ones such that, if required, an evaluation of the partly burned product composition can be made. A convenient reaction rate equation is given which describes a wide range of blow-out data for spherical reactors at weak mixture conditions. NVP2φ={1.29×1010(m+1)[5(1−yε)]φ[φ−yε]φe−C/(Ti+εΔT)}/{0.082062φyε[5(m+1)+φ+yε]2φ[Ti+εΔT]2φ−0.5} Analysis of the components used in the above equation (especially the variation of activation energy) clearly shows its empirical nature but does not detract from its engineering value. Rich mixtures are considered also, but lack of data precludes a reliable analysis. One of the major results obtained is the variation of the reaction order (n) with equivalence ratio (φ): weak mixtures, n = 2φ; rich mixtures, n = 2/φ. Some support for this variation has been noticed in published literature of other workers.

The kinetics of the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in catechol

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haleem ◽  
MA Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
First Order ◽  
Absolute Reaction Rate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Absolute Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate Equation

Kinetic data are reported for the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in resorcinol and catechol for the first time. The reaction is first order. The observation supports the view that the decomposition proceeds through an intermediate complex mechanism. The parameters of the absolute reaction rate equation are calculated.

Micellar catalysis in reaction-rate methods

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pérez-Bendito ◽  
S. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Micellar Catalysis

The Diffusion Stratification Effect in Bunsen Flames

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Sivashinsky
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Lewis Number ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Adiabatic Temperature ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Light Component ◽  
Stratification Effect ◽  
Bunsen Flames

The thermal diffusion flame model for a bimolecular reaction under stoichiometry conditions of the fresh mixture was examined. The structure of the flame tip of the Bunsen cone was studied. A local breakdown in the stoichiometry in the vicinity of the reaction zone was found such that the light component is always insufficient. For Lewis numbers greater than unity, the flame front is continuous. The temperature at the exit from the reaction zone exceeds the adiabatic temperature of the combustion products. For a Lewis number of the light component less than unity, either a flame with a continuous front, the temperature of which is less than the adiabatic temperature, or a flame with an exposed tip is possible. The problem is solved on the assumption of a strong temperature dependence of the reaction rate.

scholarly journals Modified Rate Law for Bimolecular Reactions: Applicable to Surface as well as Non-surface Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1433
Author(s):  
Gami Girishkumar Bhagavanbhai ◽  
Rawesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Bimolecular Reaction ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Bimolecular Reactions ◽  
Rate Law ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The rate equations in kinematics are expressed through basic laws under surface reaction as well as non-surface reaction. Rate law is center theme of non-surface reaction whereas Langmuir adsorption isotherms are basis of surface reaction rate expressions. A modified rate equation for bimolecular reaction is presented which considers both catalyst surface affairs as well as fraction of successful collision of different reactant for cracking and forming bonds. The modified rate law for bimolecular reaction for surface as well as non-surface reaction is stated as “Rate of a reaction is directly proportional to concentration as well as catalyst surface affair of each reactant” as r = k ΩA[A] ΩB[B] where catalyst surface affair of ith species is defined as Ωi = Ki/(1+Ki[i] + Kj[j] + …). Here, Ki is the equilibrium constant of “i” species for adsorption-desorption processes over catalyst. i, j,… indicates the different adsorbed chemical species at uniform catalyst sites and the same [i], [j], … indicates the concentration of different adsorbed chemical species at uniform catalyst sites.

scholarly journals The development of a new inhibition kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of phenylhydrazine

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mitic ◽  
Snezana Nikolic ◽  
Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reagent Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Kinetic ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

Anew sensitive kinetic method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of phenylhydrazine in the range of 1.08x10-7 to 1.08x10-6 g/cm3. The detection limit of this method is 0.008 ?g/cm3, based on the 3Sb criterion. Themethod is based on the inhibitory effect of phenylhydrazine on the oxidation of Victoria Blue 4-R by KBrO3. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically at 596.3 nm. The method development includes the optimization of the reagent concentration and temperature. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported and a rate equation is suggested. The effects of certain foreign ions upon the reaction rate were determined for the assessment of the selectivity of the method. The new developed method was found to have fairly good selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity and rapidity.

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