Improving lucerne nodulation at low pH: contribution of rhizobial and plant genotype to the nodulation of lucerne seedlings growing in solution culture at pH 5

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Charman ◽  
R. A. Ballard ◽  
A. W. Humphries ◽  
G. C. Auricht
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Rhizobial Strain ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Nodulated Plant ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solution Cultures

The effect of rhizobial strain and lucerne genotype on the nodulation of lucerne seedlings growing in solution cultures maintained at pH 5 was measured in two greenhouse experiments. Sinorhizobium strain SRDI291 increased the percentage of plants nodulated when compared with the commercial inoculant strain RRI128 (89% cf. 45% and 86% cf. 23% in the two experiments, respectively). Similarly, the mean number of nodules per nodulated plant (NNP) was greatest in the SRDI291 treatments (3.5 cf. 1.7 and 3.1 cf. 1.8). Plant genotype had fewer, but still significant effects on nodulation. Overall, lucerne genotype CRCSA29 had the highest percentage of plants forming nodules and most NNP (63% and 2.9); genotype L97a had the lowest (46% and 1.9). Greater variation in NNP occurred when the lucerne genotypes were inoculated with RRI128. Most notable was the better nodulation of CRCSA29 with 2.8 NNP compared with only 1.2 NNP for the two unselected genotypes (SARDI Ten and L97a). The lucerne genotypes typically had variable NNP, as exemplified in CRCSA29 inoculated with RRI128 where it ranged from 0–14, providing the opportunity for further plant selection. The work demonstrates that there remains substantial opportunity to increase the potential of lucerne to nodulate at low pH. Gains would appear to be most easily made by changing the strain of rhizobia that is used for inoculation.

Increased lucerne nodulation in acid soils with Sinorhizobium meliloti and lucerne tolerant to low pH and high aluminium

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wigley ◽  
Hayley J. Ridgway ◽  
Alan W. Humphries ◽  
Ross A. Ballard ◽  
Derrick J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
High Aluminium

Acidic conditions with damaging levels of available aluminium (Al3+) currently limit lucerne (Medicago sativa) production on soils in the New Zealand high country and in large areas of Australia. Increased lucerne nodulation could be achieved by using an Al3+-tolerant strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti to inoculate an Al3+-tolerant lucerne line. The Al3+ tolerance of the current commercial Australasian inoculant strain for lucerne, S. meliloti RRI128, was compared with strain SRDI736, selected in Australia for tolerance to low pH. Four Al3+ levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 µm) were created at pH 5.1 in a hydroponic system. The rhizobial strains were evaluated on SARDI AT7, a lucerne line selected for improved growth and nodulation in acidic solution culture with Al3+, and on Stamina 5, a commercial cultivar commonly grown in Australasia. SARDI AT7 when inoculated with strain SRDI736 produced more nodules per plant (3.6 vs 2.4) and had higher nodulation percentage (>80% vs <50%) at all Al3+ levels than when inoculated with RRI128. The percentage of nodulated Stamina 5 plants after inoculation with the commercial strain was lower than after inoculation with strain SRDI736 (10–16% vs 25–70%) at all Al3+ levels. The potential of S. meliloti strains SRDI736, SRDI672 and RRI128 and rates of lime to increase lucerne nodulation and dry matter production in soils of low pH (<5.5, in water) and high Al3+ (>3 mg kg–1 soil) was also investigated in a pot trial. Lime had a more consistent effect than inoculant strain for increasing nodulation. At 0.5 and 2 t lime ha–1, plants inoculated with strains SRDI672 and SRDI736 had more nodules per plant than plants inoculated with the commercial strain. At 4 t lime ha–1, the number of nodules per plant was highest for all three inoculants, and there were no differences among them. This confirms the importance of lime to increase lucerne nodulation in low-pH, high-Al3+ soils. However, where liming is uneconomic or impractical, the results show that it was possible to select rhizobial strains to increase lucerne nodulation in acidic soils with damaging levels of available Al3+.

scholarly journals EROSIVE POTENTIAL OF SPORTS BEVERAGES ON HUMAN ENAMEL “IN VITRO”

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Dalila Meazza Damo ◽  
Guilherme Anziliero Arossi ◽  
Helena Alvez da Silva ◽  
Leonardo Haerter dos Santos ◽  
Diego Rafael Kappaun
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: The low pH of sports drinks may cause tooth enamel demineralization. Objective: To measure Vickers hardness of human enamel exposed to sports drinks. Methods: Human molars were used to collect the enamel samples. Each sample had a test surface (exposed to the drinks) and a control surface (unexposed). The samples were exposed to isotonic drinks Gatorade and Powerade, and to maltodextrin drinks Malto Advanced and Malto Active, for 10 minutes every 12 hours over 30 days. The Vickers microhardness test was conducted with three indentations on each surface. The mean of the indentations within each group was considered in the statistical analysis. Sports drinks variables were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey (p≤0.01). The independent t-test was used in the comparison between the control and test surfaces of each drink (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Enamel exposure to Gatorade (p = 0.000) Malto Advanced (p = 0.000) and Malto Active (p = 0.000) was seen to significantly reduce microhardness, while the isotonic drink Powerade had no significant effect on enamel (p = 0.248). Conclusion: It was concluded that with the exception of the isotonic drink Powerade, all the sports drinks tested caused a reduction in the microhardness of human enamel. Evidence Level III; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

scholarly journals Improvement of Lactic Acid Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Cell Sorting for High Intracellular pH

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5492-5499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoska Valli ◽  
Michael Sauer ◽  
Paola Branduardi ◽  
Nicole Borth ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenases

ABSTRACT Yeast strains expressing heterologous l-lactate dehydrogenases can produce lactic acid. Although these microorganisms are tolerant of acidic environments, it is known that at low pH, lactic acid exerts a high level of stress on the cells. In the present study we analyzed intracellular pH (pHi) and viability by staining with cSNARF-4F and ethidium bromide, respectively, of two lactic-acid-producing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CEN.PK m850 and CEN.PK RWB876. The results showed that the strain producing more lactic acid, CEN.PK m850, has a higher pHi. During batch culture, we observed in both strains a reduction of the mean pHi and the appearance of a subpopulation of cells with low pHi. Simultaneous analysis of pHi and viability proved that the cells with low pHi were dead. Based on the observation that the better lactic-acid-producing strain had a higher pHi and that the cells with low pHi were dead, we hypothesized that we might find better lactic acid producers by screening for cells within the highest pHi range. The screening was performed on UV-mutagenized populations through three consecutive rounds of cell sorting in which only the viable cells within the highest pHi range were selected. The results showed that lactic acid production was significantly improved in the majority of the mutants obtained compared to the parental strains. The best lactic-acid-producing strain was identified within the screening of CEN.PK m850 mutants.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminum, Iron and/or Low pH on Rice Seedlings Grown in Solution Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Jamaludin Alia ◽  
Jusop Shamshuddin ◽  
Che Ishak Fauziah ◽  
Mohd Hanif Ahmad Husni ◽  
Qurban Ali Panhwar
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Aluminum Iron

AN AUREOMYCIN-ROSE BENGAL AGAR FOR ENUMERATION OF YEAST AND MOLD IN COTTAGE CHEESE

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Overcast ◽  
David J. Weakley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mold And Yeast

A peptone dextrose agar containing 20 ppm of aureomycin and 20 ppm of rose bengal was compared to acidified potato dextrose agar for the enumeration of yeast and mold. Mold and yeast isolates, as well as yeast and mold from Cottage cheese, were compared on the two agars. The results of the study showed no statistically significant difference between the mean counts on the agars and tests for bacterial growth of five species were all negative. The aureomycin-rose bengal agar had several advantages over the potato dextrose (PD) agar; spreading mold colonies were eliminated, there was no precipitation of casein to interfere with counting colonies, the possibility of some yeast and mold species not growing because of the low pH of the acidified PD medium was eliminated, and the red background aided in detecting colonies of yeast and mold.

Assessment of strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) for serradellas (Ornithopus spp.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Total Annual Production ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Early Production

Several strains of Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) were compared, in the glasshouse and field, with the Australian commercial inoculant strain, WU42.5, for symbiotic performance on serradella. Strains WSM471 and USDA3709 were more effective in nitrogen fixation (12 and 8% respectively) than WU42.5 across 10 serradella lines, although WU42.5 generally displayed good levels of effectiveness. WSM471 was a more saprophytically competent strain than WU425 in mildly acidic sandy soils, resulting in a 2.8-fold increase in the nodule score of serradella sown 32 cm from a line of bradyrhizobia established the previous year. Although WSM471, when compared with WU42.5, increased the nodulation and early production of an established sward of serradella, it did not improve total annual production of the sward. The possible replacement of WU42.5 with WSM471 in serradella inoculants is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of aluminum resistance in hybrids of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keise Mara Belmonte de Oliveira ◽  
Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios ◽  
Lucimara Chiari ◽  
Valdemir Antônio Laura ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Aluminum Resistance ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids ◽  
Root Vigor

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate hybrids of Brachiaria decumbens for root vigor and aluminum resistance as components of edaphic adaptation. One hundred intraspecific hybrids and their parents were evaluated in a greenhouse solution-culture. Significant differences for both traits indicate that there is genetic variability amongst hybrids. The parents had a similar performance for root growth, but differed significantly for aluminum resistance. Twenty three and seven hybrids were superior to cv. Basilisk for root vigor and aluminum resistance, respectively, but most of them were not coincident for both traits. Aluminum resistance seemed to vary quantitatively, since the majority of the hybrids were placed around the mean and fewer in the extremes. The estimate of heritability based on progeny means for aluminum resistance (0.27) was lower than for root vigor (0.69). The method used was efficient in discriminating hybrids, and identified the best ones for edaphic adaptation.

Genomic panorama of Bradyrhizobium japonicum CPAC 15, a commercial inoculant strain largely established in Brazilian soils and belonging to the same serogroup as USDA 123

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pereira Godoy ◽  
Ana Tereza Ribeiro Vasconcelos ◽  
Ligia Maria Oliveira Chueire ◽  
Rangel Celso Souza ◽  
Marisa Fabiana Nicolás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Inoculant Strain

scholarly journals Callogenesis and Organogenesis as Affected by NAA and Picloram Concentrations under an Aluminum Medium in Malus prunifolia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 442C-442
Author(s):  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
Marisa de F. Oliveira ◽  
Nilvane T. G. Muller ◽  
Janine T.C. Faria ◽  
Luciana B. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than ◽  
High Aluminum ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The apple crop in Brazil is established in acid soils with low pH. This condition leads to high aluminum levels in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the callogenesis and organogenesis of apple rootstock somatic material under aluminum and different auxins concentrations. Internodes of apple rootstock cv. Marubakaido were inoculated in a MS medium containing aluminum (10 mg·L–1), BAP (5.0 mg·L–1), MS vitamins, myo-inositol (100 mg·L–1), sucrose (30 g·L–1), and agar (6.0 g·L–1). Picloram and NAA were tested at (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μM. Internodes were inoculated in test tubes and the whole material remained in dark for 3 weeks and then to 16-h photoperiod, 25 ± 2°C and 2000 lux. NAA-treated explants performed better than picloram ones. Callus intensity was maximized at 0.5 μM NAA. Although the higher percentage of callus formed (91%) occurred for NAA at 1.0 μM and 82% for picloram at the same concentration. NAA-treated explants responded for 62% of regenerated callus, while picloram presented only 6%. NAA also increased the mean number of shoots (3.54) and buds (11.52) as compared to picloram, which presented 1.40 and 2.78, respectively.

scholarly journals Planktonic communities in a small post-peat reservoir (Ustka Forest District, Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rychert ◽  
Magdalena Wielgat-Rychert ◽  
Anna Matviikiv ◽  
Yana Kryvoshei ◽  
Anastasiia Parfeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gonyostomum Semen ◽  
Dystrophic Lakes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Planktonic Communities

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the present state of a small (area of 0.2 ha), shallow (mean depth of 2 m) and approximately 30-year-old post-peat reservoir located in Bruskowskie Bagno, a Baltic raised mire in northern Poland. The study was conducted during all seasons of the year (August 2019–July 2020). The reservoir was characterised by a yellow to brown water colour, low pH (5.4) and quite low conductivity (40.4 μS cm-1), which are the main features of dystrophic water bodies. Similar to natural, dystrophic lakes and ponds, the phytoplankton was mainly composed of mixotrophic species like Dinobryon sp. and Gonyostomum semen. The only numerous non-flagellate group within the phytoplankton was desmids, which indicated that the water was influenced by the mire. The reservoir was characterised by a high abundance of ciliates (annual mean of 55.6 cells ml-1) and a very high abundance of rotifers (annual mean of 3.72 ind. ml-1). Among ciliates, the most important were prostomatids, accounting for 53% of the mean annual ciliate abundance. The results of our study indicate that artificial, approximately 30-year-old, post-peat reservoir resembled a natural dystrophic water body.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document