Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 2. Influence of wheat and vitamin A on reproductive performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Reynolds ◽  
EM Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Lamb Survival

In two experiments Merino breeding ewes were fed wheat in pens (wheat/pen) or small paddocks (wheat/paddock) from joining to weaning. Three levels of wheat were examined in each experiment (L1, M1, H1-experiment 1 ; L2, M2, H2-experiment 2) and at each wheat level a group of ewes received vitamin A. Control groups of ewes were run at pasture. The percentage of ewes pregnant in experiment 1 was higher in groups fed pasture than in groups fed wheat. There were no differences due to wheat level or vitamin A treatments. In experiment 2 there was an interaction between treatments in their effects on pregnancy rate. In experiment 2 wheat level had a linear effect on the proportion of multiple births and wheat/pen ewes gave birth to fewer twins than wheat/paddock ewes. The effects of wheat level on lamb birth weight were linear and quadratic in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Lamb survival between birth and weaning was not influenced by wheat level or vitamin A in experiment 1. Lamb survival among groups fed wheat and pasture was 46 per cent and 84 per cent respectively. In experiment 2 there was an interaction between the treatments in lamb survival. In experiments 1 and 2, 66 per cent and 53 per cent respectively of lamb deaths among groups fed wheat were attributed to starvation. Goitre was diagnosed in 9 per cent of dead lambs from the wheat/pen groups of experiment 2. In both experiments white muscle disease was found in dead lambs from the wheat/pen groups.

Whole wheat grain feeding of lambs. II. Growth of Merino lambs early weaned onto wheat

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Reynolds ◽  
EM Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two experiments were conducted to examine the growth characteristics of Merino lambs early weaned onto a base diet of whole wheat grain plus 1 .5 % limestone ad libitum. These data have been compared with similar information obtained for traditionally managed spring drop Merino weaners at pasture. In experiment 1, 158 lambs which were born to ewes given wheat in pens were used in a 4 x 2 factorial to examine responses to anti-white muscle disease compounds and biuret. No responses were obtained to selenium, vitamin E, or a combination of the two. The food conversion efficiency (FCE), i.e. weight units of feed ingested per weight unit increase in liveweight, was improved by addition of 3 % biuret (5.1 v. 5.5 for control). In experiment 2, 185 lambs were used in a 5 x 2 factorial where minerals and biuret were the factors. These lambs originated from groups of ewes fed on either wheat or roughage in paddocks. There was a 28.6% mortality in lambs without previous exposure to wheat when this group was early weaned onto a pasture-clover hay ration which changed over 37 days to 100% wheat. The mortality among lambs with wheat experience was 1 .5 % during this period when they were offered wheat ad libitum from weaning. Responses to biuret were small and variable, while a positive response to sodium, which was present in all four mineral treatments, was obtained. In comparison with control animals, the effects of including sodium were to reduce FCE (5.2 v. 4.7), reduce the time to finish (123 v. 111 days), and increase the rate of gain (0.84 v. 1.03 kg/week).

Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6029-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 4. Changes in hepatic vitamin A concentration

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
JA Reynolds ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship

In two experiments Merino breeding ewes were fed wheat in pens or small paddocks from joining to weaning. Three levels of wheat were examined in each experiment and at each wheat level one-half of the ewes received vitamin A, Injections of 1 million I.U. of vitamin A were given twice in the first experiment and four times in the second. Control groups of ewes were run at pasture or fed pasture hay. Ewes injected with vitamin A had higher hepatic concentrations of the vitamin than those unsupplemented. Wheat intakes, which ranged from 3.4-7.1 kg ewe-1 week-1, had no effect on either the rate of expenditure of hepatic vitamin A concentration or the extent of storage and absorption of the vitamin after dosing. Pregnancy and lactation did not significantly increase changes in hepatic vitamin A concentration. The relationship between hepatic vitamin A concentration and time was curvilinear in ewes fed wheat without vitamin A. The rate of loss was not different between experiments and amounted to 6.03 per cent per week.

scholarly journals Retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6027-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

scholarly journals Effect of selenium-vitamin E injection in selenium-deficient dairy goats and kids on the Mexican plateau

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Ramírez-Bribiesca ◽  
J.L. Tórtora ◽  
M. Huerta ◽  
L.M. Hernández ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Control

Three experiments were carried out to determine the optimum selenium-vitamin E injection level to maintain acceptable blood selenium (Se) status of does and kids, as well as to determine the relation of that status to mortality rates in kids. In experiment 1, 238 goats were assigned to one of three groups during the mating period: A1-control, A2- 0.06mgSe+0.8IU vitE/kgBW and A3-0.125mgSe+1.7IU vitE/kgBW. No differences (P>.05) for fertility and prolificacy were observed among the groups. Blood Se concentration did not differ among Se-vit E groups and control group before injection, and both groups showed Se deficient condition. There was a trend (P<.05, 32%) to increase Se blood level 60 days post-treatment, but difference was not observed between A2 and control groups, while difference (P<.05; 103%) was observed between A1 and A2 groups vs high Se injection (A3 group). In experiment 2, 48 goats were divided into four groups: B1- control, B2- 0.125mgSe+1.7IU vitE/kgBW, B3- 0.25mgSe+3.4IU vitE/kgBW and B4- 0.31mgSe+4.2IU vitE/kgBW. The B4 group reached the highest concentration at the third month after injection (0.11 ppm), then started to decline after 100 days, reaching a value slightly higher than B2 and B3 on the 135th day of pregnancy. Results of B2 and B3 groups were slightly higher that those of B1 (P<0.05). In experiment 3, 194 kids (3 to 7 days postpartum) born from Se-deficient goats were used to compare the effectiveness of Se injection. They were divided into three groups: C1- control, C2- 0.3mgSe+4.2IU vit E/kg BW and C3- 0.6mgSe+8.4IU vit E/kg BW. C1 showed the highest percentage of mortality (60%) as compared to treated Se groups, that scored equal percentage of deaths (22% averaged). The concentration of Se in blood, on day 20th after the onset of the treatment rapidly increased, according with level of Se injection. The 0.3mgSe/kgBW Se injection increased the blood Se concentration in pregnant goats and it was effective to prevent white muscle disease lesions, besides enhancing the survival of kids until weaning.

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