Influence of high calcium rearing diets, Christmas Island phosphate and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on the laying performance of White Leghorn × Australorp hens

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Reduced Rate

White Leghorn x Australorp pullets were reared on diets with either low (0.91-1.12 per cent) or high (1.45-1.93 per cent) levels of calcium; in the laying phase pullets from each rearing regime were fed diets with either sterilized bone meal or Christmas Island phosphate as sources of supplemental phosphorus. Each of these layer diets was supplemented with 0, 300 or 500 p.p.m. of EDTA. The level of calcium in the rearing diets had no significant effect on liveweight, feed intake or mortality of the pullets during either the rearing or laying phases. High calcium starter and grower diets, however, reduced rate of lay by 2.1 per cent (P < 0.05) and efficiency of feed conversion by 3.7 per cent (P < 0.01). There was also a non-significant tendency to lower shell thickness. The inclusion of 2.5 per cent Christmas Island phosphate in the laying diet, resulting in a daily intake of 46 mg of fluorine per hen, decreased rate of lay by 2.2 per cent (P < 0.05), hen-housed egg production by 11 eggs (P < 0.05) and efficiency of feed conversion by 5.0 per cent (P < 0.01). The addition of 300 p.p.m. EDTA to the laying diet significantly (P < 0.01) improved efficiency of feed conversion by 4.7 per cent. Neither the source of phosphorus nor the dietary level of EDTA had any significant effects on liveweight, egg weight, feed intake, shell quality or mortality.

Influence of peeling and inorganic calcium concentration on the utilisation of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza) corm meal by laying hens

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Diarra ◽  
I. Wamekeni ◽  
A. Vunagilee ◽  
H. Lavaka ◽  
T. Finau
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Main Effects

The effects of peeling and limestone flour level on the utilisation of Alocasia macrorrhiza corm meal (ACM) by laying hens were investigated. Maize-based diets with two concentrations of limestone flour (40 and 60 g/kg) and diets containing 200 g peeled and unpeeled ACM meal/kg with the same levels of limestone flour were fed to five replicate pens containing 10 20-week-old Shaver brown pullets (1635 ± 148 g), each for 105 days. Results showed no interaction or main effects of ACM or limestone concentration on feed intake, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion efficiency, egg shape index, surface area and Haugh unit (P &gt; 0.05). Feeding whole ACM with 40 g limestone/kg diet reduced hen-day production and shell thickness (P &lt; 0.05) but this was overcome by increasing limestone concentration to 60 g/kg diet. Peeled ACM with both concentrations of limestone flour maintained laying performance and egg quality. We concluded that feeding 200 g whole ACM depresses egg production and shell quality in laying hens, but increasing dietary limestone concentration overcomes this adverse effect. The concentration of limestone flour in the diet has no effect on laying performance. Higher inclusion levels of ACM, calcium source and level that will maintain laying performance and reduce feed cost need to be investigated.

The influence of calcium and phosphorus in prelayer diets and their interaction with sodium chloride and potassium sulfate in layer diets on egg production and shell quality in crossbred layers

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa ◽  
M Fox
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Tibia Ash

In a 43x2 factorial experiment, 576 White Leghorn x Australorp pullets attaining 50% egg production at about 180 days of age were given from 22 to 26 weeks of age pre-layer diets with 10.4 or 25.8 g kg-1 calcium and 6.2 or 10.9 g kg-1 phosphorus. From 26 to 74 weeks of age these pullets were given layer diets with three levels (0, 1.5 and 7.0 g kg-1) of added sodium chloride and two levels (0 and 6.0 g kg-1) of added potassium sulfate. The calcium content of the pre-layer diet had no significant effect on feed intake, bodyweight gain or tibia-ash content between 22 and 26 weeks of age, or on egg production, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency and mortality in the subsequent laying phase. The higher level (25.8 g kg-1) of calcium improved (P<0.05) the shell quality of the first eggs laid and prevented a decline in shell quality due to excess sodium chloride (7.0 g kg-1) in the layer diet. A phosphorus level of 10.9 g kg-1 of the pre-layer diet reduced (P<0.05) feed intake, and in the subsequent laying phase both hen-housed egg production and efficiency of feed conversion were reduced (P<0.05). The adverse effect on feed conversion efficiency was alleviated by adding potassium sulfate to the diet. The level of phosphorus in the pre-layer diet had no significant effect on tibia-ash content or egg shell quality. The dietary level of sodium chloride had no significant effect on egg weight, feed intake and bodyweight gain. The inclusion of sodium chloride at a level of 7.0 g kg-1 diet tended to depress rate of lay by 2.0% and during the first half of the laying cycle, increased mortality by 12.5% (P<0.05) and reduced egg shell weight and thickness (P<0.05) in birds given pre-layer diets with a low calcium content. A daily intake of 137 to 139 mg of sodium per bird was not adequate for maintenance of egg production and efficiency of feed conversion in crossbred layers. The sodium requirement of a crossbred layer given a diet containing meat and bone meal is about 160 mg/day. The adverse effects due to either a low intake of sodium or a high level of sodium chloride in the diet were alleviated by the inclusion of 6.0 g kg-1 potassium sulfate in the diet. The inclusion of potassium sulfate (6.0 g kg-1) in the layer diet increased rate of lay by 2.1% (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of Sex-linked Feathering Genes on Body Weight, Age At Sexual Maturity, Feed Intake and Subsequent Laying Performance of Baladi Chickens

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
A. AI-Sobayel ◽  
A.A. AI-Mulhem
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight

A total of 320 twenty week-old slow and rapid feathering Saudi Arabian Baladi pullers were used to assess the effect of sex-linked feathering genes on body weight, age at sexual maturity, feed intake and subsequent laying performance. Similar numbers of rapid feathering Leghorns pullets were included in the study for the purpose of comparison. The experimental birds of each genotypic group were randomly divided into four replicates and subjected to standard management practices. Slow feathering Baladi pullers had higher (P<0.05) adult body weight, rate of mortality, and feed intake and a similar age at sexual maturity but showed lower (P< 0.05) hen-day, and hen-housed egg production and feed conversion compared with rapid feathering Baladi pullets. Rapid feathering Leghorns had higher (P<0.05) adult body weight. age at sexual maturity, hen-day egg production, rate of mortality and feed intake and lower feed intake/kg eggs than rapid and slow feathering Baladi. However, rapid feathering Baladi and Leghorns had similar hen-housed egg production and feed intake per dozen eggs and had better (l’<0.05') performance than slow feathering Baladi.

Phenotypic characterization of local Ghanaian chickens: egg-laying performance under improved management conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Osei-Amponsah ◽  
B.B. Kayang ◽  
A. Naazie ◽  
M. Tiexier-Boichard ◽  
X. Rognon
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Local Chickens

SummaryEgg production performance of 571 local Ghanaian chickens and 107 SASSO T44 chickens kept under improved management conditions were analysed. Average egg weight, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for the three experimental chicken ecotypes. Hen-day production was significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher in the savannah local chicken ecotype than the forest ecotype and SASSO T44 chickens. Egg weights of local Ghanaian chickens compared favourably with values reported for local chickens in Africa. On the average, SASSO T44 had significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher egg weights and feed intake compared with the local chicken ecotypes. The local chicken ecotypes on the other hand, had significantly (P&lt; 0.05) better feed conversion ratios than SASSO T44 chicken. Local Ghanaian chicken ecotypes have a more efficient FCR per every unit of egg produced compared with the control population. Low feed intake, good feed conversion ratios and adaptation to the environment are traits local chicken harbour which can be exploited in future breeding programmes to improve on chicken meat and egg production in Ghana. Ghanaian local chickens could thus be a valuable genetic resource for the development of an efficient egg production chicken breed adaptable to the humid tropical climates.

The effect of cockle-shell grit, dietary level of calcium and EDTA on eggshell quality and laying performance of crossbred hens

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Cockle Shell ◽  
Ground Limestone

The eggshell quality and laying performance of White Leghorn x Australorp hens were measured in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment involving three levels (3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 per cent) of calcium, two calcium supplements (ground limestone and cockle-shell grit) and two levels (0 and 500 p.p.m.) of EDTA. The basal diet contained 14 per cent meat and bone meal as the sole protein supplement. Maximum eggshell quality was achieved on diets with 3.5 per cent calcium as ground limestone or 3.0 per cent calcium as cockle-shell grit plus ground limestone, respectively. Mortality increased with increasing levels of ground limestone in the diet. The dietary level of calcium had no effect on laying performance from 24 to 48 weeks of age but from 49 to 72 weeks of age, diets with 3.5 and 4.0 per cent calcium depressed rate of egg production (P < 0.05), hen-housed egg production (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.05) and increased mortality (P < 0.05). Egg weight, liveweight and feathering were not affected by calcium level in the diet but tibia-bone ash content was increased (P < 0.05) by the two higher levels of calcium. A daily intake of 3.5 g calcium per hen was adequate for maintenance of both eggshell quality and egg production. Compared with ground limestone, cockle-shell grit increased egg specific gravity (P < 0.05) and henhoused egg production from 49 to 72 weeks of age when the average daily maximum temperature was 27.2�C. It also increased feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced mortality (P < 0.05) during the 24 to 48 weeks of age period, increased liveweight gain (P < 0.01), final weight (P < 0.05) and feather condition (P < 0.05). EDTA decreased eggshell weight (P < 0.05) and eggshell weight per unit area (P < 0.05).

Correction - The influence of calcium and phosphorus in prelayer diets and their interaction with sodium chloride and potassium sulfate in layer diets on egg production and shell quality in crossbred layers

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
H Karunajeewa ◽  
M Fox
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Tibia Ash

In a 43x2 factorial experiment, 576 White Leghorn x Australorp pullets attaining 50% egg production at about 180 days of age were given from 22 to 26 weeks of age pre-layer diets with 10.4 or 25.8 g kg-1 calcium and 6.2 or 10.9 g kg-1 phosphorus. From 26 to 74 weeks of age these pullets were given layer diets with three levels (0, 1.5 and 7.0 g kg-1) of added sodium chloride and two levels (0 and 6.0 g kg-1) of added potassium sulfate. The calcium content of the pre-layer diet had no significant effect on feed intake, bodyweight gain or tibia-ash content between 22 and 26 weeks of age, or on egg production, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency and mortality in the subsequent laying phase. The higher level (25.8 g kg-1) of calcium improved (P<0.05) the shell quality of the first eggs laid and prevented a decline in shell quality due to excess sodium chloride (7.0 g kg-1) in the layer diet. A phosphorus level of 10.9 g kg-1 of the pre-layer diet reduced (P<0.05) feed intake, and in the subsequent laying phase both hen-housed egg production and efficiency of feed conversion were reduced (P<0.05). The adverse effect on feed conversion efficiency was alleviated by adding potassium sulfate to the diet. The level of phosphorus in the pre-layer diet had no significant effect on tibia-ash content or egg shell quality. The dietary level of sodium chloride had no significant effect on egg weight, feed intake and bodyweight gain. The inclusion of sodium chloride at a level of 7.0 g kg-1 diet tended to depress rate of lay by 2.0% and during the first half of the laying cycle, increased mortality by 12.5% (P<0.05) and reduced egg shell weight and thickness (P<0.05) in birds given pre-layer diets with a low calcium content. A daily intake of 137 to 139 mg of sodium per bird was not adequate for maintenance of egg production and efficiency of feed conversion in crossbred layers. The sodium requirement of a crossbred layer given a diet containing meat and bone meal is about 160 mg/day. The adverse effects due to either a low intake of sodium or a high level of sodium chloride in the diet were alleviated by the inclusion of 6.0 g kg-1 potassium sulfate in the diet. The inclusion of potassium sulfate (6.0 g kg-1) in the layer diet increased rate of lay by 2.1% (P<0.05).

UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM IN CANOLA MEAL SUPPLEMENTED LAYING DIETS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. SUMMERS ◽  
DIANE SPRATT ◽  
STEVE LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
High Calcium

White Leghorn pullets were offered a corn, soybean meal laying diet or similar diets containing 15% canola meal. These diets were fed with dietary calcium levels of 3 and 5% and two levels of supplemental phytic acid (0 and 0.2%). A significant decrease in feed intake was noted with the canola meal diets. Poorer shell quality was noted for the canola versus the soybean meal diets, the low vs. high calcium diets and the phytic acid supplemented vs. nonphytic acid supplemented diet. Key words: Canola meal, laying hens, phytic acid, calcium

scholarly journals  Efficacy of contrast levels of non-phytate phosphorus and Aspergillus niger phytase in hens fed wheat-maize-based diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
G. Dlouhá ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
M. Skřivan
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
P Content ◽  
Laying Performance

A 2 &times; 2 factorial design experiment examined the effect of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) (1.3 and 4.0 g/kg) and 3-phytase (F) (0 and 150 FTU/kg) on the performance indicators of hens, physical parameters of eggs, phosphorus (P) content of the eggshells, and the pH of the digestive tract of laying hens. Two hundred and forty hens (ISA Brown) were housed in enriched cages and fed a wheat-maize-based diet. A significant effect of both NPP and F was found for the yolk colour (P = 0.016) and shell thickness (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.038). The F supplement or higher level of NPP alone and in combination increased the value of the yolk colour and shell thickness. The supplementation of the basal diet with F significantly increased the laying performance, especially with regard to the egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The higher dose of NPP had a negative effect on the egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. The lower level of NPP (1.3 g/kg) decreased the internal egg quality and shell quality, except for the shell strength. In contrast, the addition of 3-phytase to the diet increased the shell thickness and shell weight. The P content in the eggshells was not influenced by the dietary treatment. The higher level of NPP or F increased the pH in the gizzard to a value suitable for F activity. The hens fed a diet containing 1.3 g/kg NPP achieved a higher performance; moreover, the F supplement at 150 FTU/kg increased the external quality of the eggs. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

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