Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of wheat sown by minimum tillage into rice stubble and the effects of rice stubble treatment

Egret wheat was sown into rice stubble using a minimum cultivation technique called seedavation. Nitrogen was surface applied as sulphate of ammonia in 1974 and ammonium nitrate in 1975 at 0,60 and 120 kg N ha-1. Phosphorus as single superphosphate was drilled with the seed at 0 and 17.5 kg P ha-1. The effects of burning, incorporating and removing rice stubble were compared. Large grain yield responses to nitrogen were achieved with yields up to 5 t ha-1 despite the use of minimum tillage. Tiller numbers were highly correlated with yield. No yield response to phosphorus was obtained. Low protein levels (less than 10%) suitable for biscuit wheat were obtained even at the high nitrogen fertilizer rates. The effect of stubble treatment varied between years; in 1974 it had no effect on yield; however, in 1975 removing or incorporating stubble reduced yields compared with burning the stubble. These results indicate that in rice growing areas a significant rise in wheat yields can be achieved through the use of higher nitrogen fertilizer rates.

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Site-factor Influence on Barley Response to Fertilizer in On-farm Trials in Northern Syria: Descriptive and Predictive Models

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700023024 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 63-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. J. Jones ◽

A. Wahbi

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Variability ◽

Growth Period ◽

Yield Response ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Data Set ◽

Site Factor ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Fertilizer Rates

SummaryThe effects of site and rate of application of fertilizer on the grain and straw production of barley were investigated in 75 trials on representative farmers' fields. Grain and straw production were strongly but curvilinearly correlated with growth-period rainfall over the range 136–568 mm, almost irrespective of soil type, previous crop or fertilizer rate, and responded positively to applied nitrogen and/or phosphorus in 74 of the trials. Responses to nitrogen increased and those to phosphorus decreased with increasing rainfall. Yields tended to be lower but responses to nitrogen were higher where barley followed barley and were influenced by the availability of phosphate and mineral nitrogen in the soil at planting time.These results are summarized in regression equations, which express yield quadratically in terms of fertilizer rates, seasonal rainfall and their interactions over the full 75-trial data set and within representative sub-sets. The wide differences in crop response to fertilizer highlight the problem of recommending fertilizer rates for a low and variable rainfall environment. Simple second-order multiple regressions for different geographical areas, rainfall zones, crop rotations etc., based on mean rainfall values, account for around 40% of the variance in yield response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer; only a small proportion of the remaining variance appears attributable to rainfall variability. Alternatively, yield may be expressed as a function of fertilizer rate and rainfall using rainfall probability values derived from long-term records. This can be used to estimate the probabilities of predetermined yield responses for specified sites and fertilizer rates and to produce maps of those probabilities.

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Recovery of fertiliser nitrogen in wheat grain and its implications for economic fertiliser use

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9920383 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 383 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

AD Doyle ◽

CC Leckie

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Yield Response ◽

Grain Protein ◽

N Recovery ◽

N Application ◽

Protein Levels ◽

South Wales ◽

Fertiliser Use ◽

Yield Responses

Grain yield, protein, and nitrogen uptake responses are reported for 6 wheat fertiliser experiments in northern New South Wales which were representative of sites that were highly responsive, moderately responsive, and non-responsive to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied at sowing. Apparent recoveries of applied N of 33-57% in the grain were recorded where grain yield was steeply increasing in response to additional applied N. Where yield increases were smaller in response to increments of N fertiliser, N recovery was 22-3096, but where further N application increased grain protein content but not grain yield, apparent recovery of additional fertiliser N fell below 20%. Apparent recovery was less than 10% in experiments where there was no yield response to N fertiliser. The implications for fertiliser recommendations are discussed relative to potential premium payment for wheat protein levels. It was concluded that established premium payments are too low to make N application an economic proposition to increase grain protein levels in the absence of grain yield responses.

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Nitrogen response characteristics of wheat protein in relation to yield responses and their interactions with phosphorus

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920969 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 969 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

ICR Holford ◽

AD Doyle ◽

CC Leckie

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Deficiency ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Yield Response ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Response Curves ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

Yield Responses ◽

Protein Response

Wheat fertilizer experiments at 58 sites on the north-western slopes and plains of New South Wales clearly demonstrated a widespread and severe deficiency of nitrogen on many soils. The frequency (70%) and magnitude of responses to nitrogen were much greater than previously recorded. Nitrogen fertilizer required to achieve near-maximum yields was also much greater, with more than half the experiments requiring more than 30 kg N/ha and 23 experiments requiring more than 60 kg/ha. Deficiency of nitrogen for grain protein was almost universal with only two experiments failing to respond to nitrogen fertilizer. The yield response curves for all except three experiments were well fitted by the exponential (Mitscherlich) equation, but the majority of protein response curves were convex to the X axis, or linear, so that maximum protein concentrations could not be estimated. There were four distinct types of protein response curves, and their occurrence seemed to be related to the degree of nitrogen deficiency. Where nitrogen was most deficient (mean protein <10.5%), response curves were convex or linear; at intermediate deficiency (mean protein 11.7%), response curves were sigmoid, and at low deficiency (mean protein 13.4%), curves were exponential. Yield response rarely occurred where grain protein was greater than 12%. In 10 experiments with convex or sigmoid curves, the first increment of fertilizer depressed protein levels, due to the dilution effect of a large yield response. Increasing amounts of phosphorus fertilizer increased the response to nitrogen in nine experiments and in most of these the response curvature was correspondingly decreased, especially at the highest rate of phosphate. These interactions showed that nitrogen was the primary limiting factor in most of these experiments. P fertilizer tended to depress protein concentrations, especially in the absence of N fertilizer, but it had no consistent effect on protein response to N. Because of the dominance of convex protein response curves, much higher levels of fertilizer N were required to give maximum protein responses than were required to give maximum incremental yield responses. It was usually uneconomic therefore to use fertilizer solely to maximize protein increases.

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YIELD RESPONSE OF CONQUEST BARLEY AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SOIL TESTS FOR AMMONIUM- AND NITRATE-NITROGEN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss73-026 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. F. NUTTALL

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Yield Response ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Quadratic Equations ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Yield response of Conquest barley to nitrogen fertilizer applied at 22, 45, 67, and 134 kg/ha with and without 20 kg P/ha were significantly related by regression analyses to ammonium- and to nitrate-nitrogen in soils of northeastern Saskatchewan. Both linear and quadratic equations obtained from the regression analyses were used to develop tables estimating yield response of barley related to nitrogen fertilizer rates and soil tests for ammonium- and nitrate-nitrogen. The results indicated that a greater response to nitrogen fertilizer occurred with a given amount of ammonium- plus nitrate-nitrogen than with the same amount of nitrate-nitrogen alone. Phosphate fertilizer also significantly increased yield response to nitrogen fertilizers. Confidence intervals showed that wide variation could be expected in yield response to nitrogen fertilizers. Variation is attributed to differences in soil type, soil moisture, and climatic factors among experimental sites.

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Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc)] grain yield response to nitrogen fertilizer rates in East Badewacho district, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Cogent Food & Agriculture ◽

10.1080/23311932.2021.1909203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1909203

Author(s):

Tamirat Wato

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Yield Response ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Hadiya Zone

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Factors affecting yield and fertilizer response of sugar beet in Iran

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600058974 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 311-316

Author(s):

E. W. Bolle-Jones ◽

F. Sanei

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Test ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Fertilizer Response ◽

High Calcium ◽

Yield Responses

SummaryField experiments were conducted in four provinces of Iran in which sugar-beet yield responses to added nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were correlated with soil test values and number of irrigations.Although significant yield responses to fertilizer application were obtained in all four provinces, extremely few significant relationships were established between soil test values and yield response.Average crop yield was favourably influenced by the number of irrigations applied in Fare and Khorasan, by organic carbon status in Esfahan and Khorasan and adversely affected by increased soil conductivity in Esfahan and Khorasan. These results were taken to imply an inadequate number of irrigations in Fars and Khorasan. The high calcium carbonate status found in Fars soil adversely affected the level of average yield.Response to nitrogen fertilizer declined in Fars and Khorasan as the leaf nitrogen exceeded 3·15 and 4·0% respectively. Response to phosphate fertilizer declined in West Azerbaijan and Khorasan when leaf phosphorus exceeded 0·4%.

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Influence of intensity/quantity characteristics of soil phosphorus tests on their relationships to phosphorus responsiveness of wheat under field conditions

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9920343 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ICR Holford ◽

AD Doyle

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Critical Value ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Intensity Parameter ◽

South Wales ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Yield Responses

Six soil phosphorus tests (lactate, Brayl, Bray2, neutral fluoride, Olsen and Colwell) were regressed against potassium chloride-soluble phosphorus (intensity) and isotopically exchangeable phosphorus (quantity) measured in 59 soils of the northern and central wheat belts of New South Wales. Wheat nutrition experiments on these soils during 1986-89 measured yield responses to phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers. Soil tests varied widely in their correlations with yield responsiveness to phosphate, with the lactate and Bray2 tests accounting for more than twice the variance accounted for by other soil tests. The intensity parameter was also highly correlated but the quantity parameter was not. All soil tests, except Bray1, were very highly correlated with the intensity parameter, so this relationship did not differentiate the relative efficacies of the soil tests. Soil tests were less correlated with the quantity parameter, but those soil tests (neutral fluoride, Olsen and Colwell) that were most highly correlated (r2 > 0.62) with this parameter were most weakly correlated (r2 < 0.29) with yield response. It was concluded therefore that exchangeable phosphorus is not a satisfactory measure of the quantity factor and that an effective soil test for wheat-growing soils will be highly correlated with intensity but not necessarily with exchangeable phosphorus. The critical value of the lactate test was the same (17 mg/kg) as in previous studies with wheat but was lower (14 mg/kg) in 1989 when very low in-crop rainfall occurred. With deeper sampling (15 cm rather than 10 cm) the lactate test was slightly less accurate and the critical value was lower (11 mg/kg).

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