Surveys of speckled leaf blotch and other foliar diseases of wheat in Victoria, 1974 to 1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Brown ◽  
RG Paddick
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Leptosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Glume Blotch

The severity of speckled leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter, Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm.) in wheat crops was surveyed in the Wimmera during the 1974-77 seasons and in all the major wheat growing areas of Victoria in 1978. Speckled leaf blotch was found in all crops and the severity varied greatly within and between seasons. The average percentage of affected area on the penultimate leaf of main tillers was 24%, 28%, 1.5%, 0% and 9.4%, respectively, for the successive seasons. The corresponding grain yield losses were estimated at 19, 21, 5, 0 and 12% by using an experimentally derived relation between yield loss and disease severity. In 1978, glume blotch (Leptosphaeria nodorum (Miiller, Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f sp. tritici Erikss and Henn.), leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f sp, tritici Erikss) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f sp. tritici E. Marchal) occurred in 8%, 3%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively, of the crops sampled. These surveys have shown speckled leaf blotch to be the most important foliar disease of wheat in Victoria.

scholarly journals A Plant Pathologist on Wheat Breeding with Special Reference to Septoria Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
C. Zadoks J
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Three Stages

This review has a personal, plant pathologist’s outlook on plant breeding. It touches upon some generalities, among which the “three stages” of plant breeding, participatory plant breeding and biotechnology in plant breeding. It delves deep into modern molecular studies on leaf blotch (anamorph Septoria tritici) and glume blotch (anamorph Septoria nodorum) of wheat. Epidemiological knowledge of the teleomorphs Mycosphaerella graminicola and Stagonospora nodorum has progressed with great strides. Consequences for applied plant breeding slowly become visible.  

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from the wheat leaf blotch pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Keon ◽  
John Antoniw ◽  
Jason Rudd ◽  
Wendy Skinner ◽  
John Hargreaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Expressed Sequence

A Group of Expressed cDNA Sequences from the Wheat Fungal Leaf Blotch Pathogen, Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici)

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Keon ◽  
Andy Bailey ◽  
John Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Cdna Sequences

scholarly journals Health of leaves and ears of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated after different forecrops

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Tomasz P. Kurowski ◽  
Adam Okorski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Glume Blotch

The research was conduced in the years 2000-2002. The aim of the research was to determinate the health of leaves and ears of spring wheat cultivated after spring cruciferae plants such as: spring oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleiferus</i> Metz.), chiiiese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.), white mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.), ole iferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.), false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.), crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.), as well as after oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) as con trol. Spring wheat cv. Torka was sown after: pIoughed stubble cultivated on this field, ploughed stubble and straw, ploughed stubble with straw and 30 kg nitrogen per hectare. During all the years of studies on leaves and ears of spring wheat septo ria of leaf blotch and glume blotch (<i>Mycosphaerella graminicola, Phaeosphaeria nodorum</i>) were found. Brown rust (<i>Puccinia recondita</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) was seen on leaves of wheat only during years 2001-2002. Besides on ears fusarium ear blight (Fusarimn sp.) was present in 2002 and sooty mould (<i>Cladosporium sp., Alternaria</i> sp.) in 2001. According to health of overground parts of plants the good forecrops to spring wheat were oat, chinese mustard, oleiferous radish. The biggest impact on presence of diseases of leaves and ears had the weather during years of studies. The use of after harvest rests didn't have significant influence on health of leaves and ears of spring wheat.

scholarly journals GENETIC STRUCTURE OF REGIONAL POPULATIONS OF Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici), THE SEPTORIA LEAF BLOTCH AGENT OF WHEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-730
Author(s):  
E.V. Pakholkova ◽  
◽  
N.N. Sal’nikova ◽  
N.A. Kurkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch

scholarly journals Accounting for the Economic Risk Caused by Variation in Disease Severity in Fungicide Dose Decisions, Exemplified for Mycosphaerella graminicola on Winter Wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. te Beest ◽  
N. D. Paveley ◽  
M. W. Shaw ◽  
F. van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Field Plots

A method is presented to calculate economic optimum fungicide doses accounting for the risk aversion of growers responding to variability in disease severity between crops. Simple dose-response and disease-yield loss functions are used to estimate net disease-related costs (fungicide cost plus disease-induced yield loss) as a function of dose and untreated severity. With fairly general assumptions about the shapes of the probability distribution of disease severity and the other functions involved, we show that a choice of fungicide dose which minimizes net costs, on average, across seasons results in occasional large net costs caused by inadequate control in high disease seasons. This may be unacceptable to a grower with limited capital. A risk-averse grower can choose to reduce the size and frequency of such losses by applying a higher dose as insurance. For example, a grower may decide to accept “high-loss” years 1 year in 10 or 1 year in 20 (i.e., specifying a proportion of years in which disease severity and net costs will be above a specified level). Our analysis shows that taking into account disease severity variation and risk aversion will usually increase the dose applied by an economically rational grower. The analysis is illustrated with data on Septoria tritici leaf blotch of wheat caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola. Observations from untreated field plots at sites across England over 3 years were used to estimate the probability distribution of disease severities at mid-grain filling. In the absence of a fully reliable disease forecasting scheme, reducing the frequency of high-loss years requires substantially higher doses to be applied to all crops. Disease-resistant cultivars reduce both the optimal dose at all levels of risk and the disease-related costs at all doses.

scholarly journals Population Structure ofMycosphaerella graminicolaand Location of Genes for Resistance to the Pathogen: Recent Advances in Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rosa Simón ◽  
Cristina A. Cordo ◽  
Nadia S. Castillo ◽  
Paul C. Struik ◽  
Andreas Börner
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
The World ◽  
New Germplasm ◽  
New Cultivars

Leaf blotch of wheat (Septoria triticiRob. ex Desm., teleomorphMycosphaerella graminicola(Fückel) Schröt. in Cohn) causes significant losses in wheat. During the last decades studies about the genetic variability of the pathogen and location of the resistance have been intensive around the world. The knowledge about the genetic variation ofM. graminicolais very important because it could allow us to determine which genotypes predominate within a geographic area. It also can be used to evaluate the germplasm resistance of wheat cultivars with isolates with high genetic differences. In addition, the knowledge of the genes conditioning resistance in different genotypes allows getting precise combination in new germplasm. The incorporation of the known genes in new cultivars could contribute to broadening the resistance to the pathogen. A paper about genetic variability of the pathogen and location of the resistance, with special emphasis in the work carried out in Argentina, is presented.

scholarly journals Avirulence in the Wheat Septoria tritici Leaf Blotch Fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola Is Controlled by a Single Locus

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert H. J. Kema ◽  
Els C. P. Verstappen ◽  
Cees Waalwijk
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
F2 Progeny

Segregation of avirulence in Mycosphaerella graminicola, a heterothallic ascomycete that causes wheat septoria tritici leaf blotch, was studied in F1, BC1, and F2 populations by inoculation assays on five wheat cultivars in the seedling stage and by amplified fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. F1 was generated by crossing isolates IPO323 (avirulent) and IPO94269 (virulent). All F1, BC1, and F2 progeny isolates were virulent on the susceptible check cultivar Taichung 29 and were avirulent on the resistant check cultivar Kavkav-K4500. Avirulence segregation was observed in F1 and in several BC1 and F2 generations on the differential cultivars Shafir, Kavkaz, and Veranopolis at a 1:1 ratio. Avirulence for the three differential cultivars always cosegregated. We conclude that avirulence in isolate IPO323 is controlled by a single, seemingly complex locus.

Zymoseptoria ardabiliae and Z. pseudotritici, two progenitor species of the septoria tritici leaf blotch fungus Z. tritici (synonym: Mycosphaerella graminicola)

Mycologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva H. Stukenbrock ◽  
William Quaedvlieg ◽  
Mohammad Javan-Nikhah ◽  
Marcello Zala ◽  
Pedro W. Crous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Leaf Blotch

scholarly journals Pre-harvest field application of enhanced freshness formulation reduces yield loss in orange

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspa Samwel ◽  
Theodosy Msogoya ◽  
Abdul Kudra ◽  
Hosea Dunstan Mtui ◽  
Anna Baltazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Background Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) production in Tanzania is constrained by several pre-harvest factors that include pests. Hexanal, sprayed as Enhanced Freshness Formulation (EFF) is a relatively new technology that has been reported to reduce pre-harvest loss in fruits. However, the effects of hexanal on pre-harvest yield loss of orange are not known. We studied the effects of hexanal as EFF on yield losses of three sweet orange cultivars namely, Early Valencia, Jaffa, and Late Valencia. Factorial experiments tested the effects of EFF concentration, variety, and time of EFF application on number of dropped fruit, percentage of non-marketable fruit and incidence of pest damage. Results Results showed significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between EFF and the percentage of dropped fruit, non-marketable yield, and incidence of pest damage. An increase in hexanal concentration by 1%, is expected to reduce number of dropped fruit by 50, percentage of non-marketable by 35.6, and incidences of pest damage by 36.5% keeping other factors constant. Results also show significant association (p < 0.001) between time of hexanal application and non-marketable yield. Percentage of dropped fruit is expected to increase by 1 for each day away from harvest, keeping other factors constant. Conclusion Pre-harvest application of hexanal as EFF can significantly reduce number of dropped fruits, percentage of non-marketable fruit and incidence of pest damage.

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