scholarly journals Health of leaves and ears of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated after different forecrops

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Tomasz P. Kurowski ◽  
Adam Okorski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Ear Blight ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Glume Blotch

The research was conduced in the years 2000-2002. The aim of the research was to determinate the health of leaves and ears of spring wheat cultivated after spring cruciferae plants such as: spring oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleiferus</i> Metz.), chiiiese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.), white mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.), ole iferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.), false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.), crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.), as well as after oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) as con trol. Spring wheat cv. Torka was sown after: pIoughed stubble cultivated on this field, ploughed stubble and straw, ploughed stubble with straw and 30 kg nitrogen per hectare. During all the years of studies on leaves and ears of spring wheat septo ria of leaf blotch and glume blotch (<i>Mycosphaerella graminicola, Phaeosphaeria nodorum</i>) were found. Brown rust (<i>Puccinia recondita</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>) was seen on leaves of wheat only during years 2001-2002. Besides on ears fusarium ear blight (Fusarimn sp.) was present in 2002 and sooty mould (<i>Cladosporium sp., Alternaria</i> sp.) in 2001. According to health of overground parts of plants the good forecrops to spring wheat were oat, chinese mustard, oleiferous radish. The biggest impact on presence of diseases of leaves and ears had the weather during years of studies. The use of after harvest rests didn't have significant influence on health of leaves and ears of spring wheat.

AC Wilmot spring wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-656
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Wilmot is a spring feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) with more grain yield than the check cultivars in Atlantic Canada. It is moderately resistant to powdery mildew. The reaction of AC Wilmot to leaf and glume blotch is similar to the check cultivars. AC Wilmot is slightly more susceptible to fusarium head blight than the check cultivars. AC Wilmot is suitable for production in Atlantic Canada. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), cultivar description

scholarly journals AC Baltic spring wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
J. S. Bubar ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Baltic is a spring feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high grain yield, medium maturity and good lodging resistance. It is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis, D.C. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Marchai), moderately susceptible to septoria leaf and glume blotch (caused by Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.) and moderately tolerant to fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). AC Baltic is suited for production in eastern Canada.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

Effects of crop rotations and fertilizer management on leaf spotting diseases of spring wheat in southwestern Saskatchewan

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
C. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Phaeosphaeria Nodorum

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crop sequence, summerfallow frequency, and fertilizer application, on the severity of leaf spotting diseases of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the field experiment examined, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. was the pathogen most commonly isolated from lesioned leaf tissue, followed by stagonospora blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum [E. Müller] Hedjaroude). The severity of leaf spots in wheat after fallow was greater than in monoculture continuous wheat, or in wheat after a noncereal crop. Percent area with leaf spots in wheat grown after wheat was higher than in wheat grown after flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in years with high disease pressure (1995 and 1996), but not in 1993 or 1994 when overall disease levels were low. Under soil N-deficient conditions, leaf spot levels increased in years with dry summers (1994 and 1996), whereas a P deficiency decreased leaf spot severity in years that had cool and wet springs (1995 and 1996). A survey of producers' fields confirmed the observations made in the research plots, in particular, wheat after wheat was not more severely diseased than wheat grown in rotation with a noncereal crop. We concluded that the use of fallow, or 1 yr of rotation with a noncereal crop, will not reduce leaf spotting diseases of spring wheat in southwestern Saskatchewan. The best rotation aimed at reducing the levels of disease appeared to be 2 consecutive years of spring wheat, followed by at least 2 yr of a noncereal crop, or by a noncereal crop and summerfallow. Key words: Leaf spot, tan spot, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, stagonospora blotch, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, septoria blotch, Mycosphaerella graminicola, crop rotation, tillage, fertility

Surveys of speckled leaf blotch and other foliar diseases of wheat in Victoria, 1974 to 1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Brown ◽  
RG Paddick
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Leptosphaeria Nodorum ◽  
Glume Blotch

The severity of speckled leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter, Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm.) in wheat crops was surveyed in the Wimmera during the 1974-77 seasons and in all the major wheat growing areas of Victoria in 1978. Speckled leaf blotch was found in all crops and the severity varied greatly within and between seasons. The average percentage of affected area on the penultimate leaf of main tillers was 24%, 28%, 1.5%, 0% and 9.4%, respectively, for the successive seasons. The corresponding grain yield losses were estimated at 19, 21, 5, 0 and 12% by using an experimentally derived relation between yield loss and disease severity. In 1978, glume blotch (Leptosphaeria nodorum (Miiller, Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f sp. tritici Erikss and Henn.), leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f sp, tritici Erikss) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f sp. tritici E. Marchal) occurred in 8%, 3%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively, of the crops sampled. These surveys have shown speckled leaf blotch to be the most important foliar disease of wheat in Victoria.

AC Gabriel spring wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-802
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
R. B. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Gabriel is a medium maturing spring feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with higher grain yield in Quebec but similar grain yield to the check cultivars in Atlantic Canada. It is moderately resistant to powdery mildew. The reaction of AC Gabriel to leaf and glume blotch and fusarium head blight was similar to that of the check cultivars. AC Gabriel is suitable for production in Quebec and Atlantic Canada. Key words:Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), cultivar description

AC Norboro spring wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
G. N. Atlin ◽  
D. Mellish ◽  
D. W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Norboro is a spring feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high grain yield and early maturity. It is moderately resistant to powdery mildew, and susceptible to leaf blotch. AC Norboro is slightly more susceptible to fusarium head blight than AC Wilmot, Belvedere, and AC Baltic. AC Norboro was developed by Agriculture And Agri-Food Canada. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), cultivar description

scholarly journals A Plant Pathologist on Wheat Breeding with Special Reference to Septoria Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
C. Zadoks J
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Three Stages

This review has a personal, plant pathologist&rsquo;s outlook on plant breeding. It touches upon some generalities, among which the &ldquo;three stages&rdquo; of plant breeding, participatory plant breeding and biotechnology in plant breeding. It delves deep into modern molecular studies on leaf blotch (anamorph Septoria tritici) and glume blotch (anamorph Septoria nodorum) of wheat. Epidemiological knowledge of the teleomorphs Mycosphaerella graminicola and Stagonospora nodorum has progressed with great strides. Consequences for applied plant breeding slowly become visible. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

scholarly journals The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Yuliia Kochiieru ◽  
Audronė Mankevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Cesevičienė ◽  
Roma Semaškienė ◽  
Jūratė Ramanauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Maturity

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

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