Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

Milk production by dairy cows fed hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to pasture

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows in early lactation were fed 3.5 or 7.0 kg DM daily of either hammermilled lupin grain, hammermilled oaten grain or whole oaten grain as supplements to a pasture-based diet. Milk production and composition and the amount and composition of whole oaten grain excreted in the faeces were measured. There were no significant differences between treatments in the yields of milk, fat or protein. There was a tendency towards lower milk fat content in milk from cows fed 7.0 kg DM daily of the hammermilled grains. Differences between grain types were not significant for all production parameters except milk protein content. Protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in milk from cows fed hammermilled and whole oaten grain compared with that from cows fed lupin grain. Yield of milk fat was significantly (P<0.05) higher and ratio of milk protein to fat significantly (P < 0.05) lower for cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain than for those fed 7.0 kg DM of grain. There was a significant (P< 0.05) interaction between grain type and grain level for the ratio of protein to fat in the milk. Cows excreted 24% of the whole oaten grain at both levels of grain fed and there were no significant differences in composition of the whole oaten grain fed or excreted in the faeces. There was no benefit to production either from feeding hammermilled lupin grain compared with hammermilled or whole oaten grain or from feeding 7.0 compared with 3.5 kg DM daily of grain to cows grazing pasture.

scholarly journals USE OF PROTECTED METHIONINE (MEPRON M 85) IN CATTLE

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sipőcz ◽  
J. Schmidt ◽  
J. Sipőcz ◽  
Éva Cenkvári
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Methionine Level ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The ruminal stability of Mepron M 85 and the effect of supplementation with Mepron M 85 on free methionine level of blood were studied in rumen-fistulated cows and rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls. In five rumen-fistulated cowsin situ69.5% and 64.6% of the methionine content of Mepron M 85 was found after ruminal incubation of 16 h and 24 h, respectively. Daily rations of the rumen-fistulated cows were supplemented with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85, which increased the free methionine level of blood from 13.64 (mol/L to 15.35 and 20.46 (mol/L, respectively, three hours after feeding. In the four rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls, supplementation with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85 increased the total methionine getting into the duodenum during 24 h from 14.99 g to 16.84 and 20.84 g, respectively. The influence of Mepron M 85 on milk production was studied in 35 pairs of Hungarian Fleckvieh × Holstein-Friesian cows. The animals were coupled on the basis of the number of finished lactations, milk production in the previous lactation, and the date of calving. Daily supplementation of 18.0 g Mepron M 85 increased daily milk production significantly (p < 0.05), by 1.24 litres. Milk fat content also increased significantly (from 3.10% to 3.19%, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. The supplementation did not influence milk protein content.

scholarly journals Beta-Casein Gene Polymorphism in Serbian Holstein-Friesian Cows and its Relationship with Milk Production Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ristanic Marko ◽  
Glavinic Uros ◽  
Vejnovic Branislav ◽  
Maletic Milan ◽  
Kirovski Danijela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe most common types of beta-casein in cow’s milk are A1 and A2, which differ in one amino acid. During the gastrointestinal proteolysis of A1 beta-casein in humans this difference results in the release of beta-casomorphin-7, an opioid which may lead to severe effects on human health, causing various ailments (type-1 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, arteriosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, gastrointestinal digestive discomfort, as well as increased gastrointestinal transit time). By contrast, A2 beta-casein cannot exert these effects owing to its different composition and metabolism. Furthermore, studies have shown that it can influence milk productivity traits. Our research aimed to screen the frequency of A1 and A2 alleles of beta-casein gene in a population of Serbian Holstein-Friesian cows and to detect how the genotypes influence milk production, and milk protein and fat yields. Out of 106 animals, 13 (12.26%) were of A1A1 genotype, 58 (54.72%) of A1A2, and 35 (33.02%) of A2A2 genotype. Milk yield was significantly (P---lt---0.01) higher in A2A2 compared to both A1A1 and A1A2 genotypes. Milk protein concentrations were significantly (P---lt---0.01) higher in A2A2 compared to A1A2 genotype, while milk fat concentrations were significantly (P---lt---0.01) higher in A2A2 compared to both A1A1 and A1A2 genotypes.

The effects of monensin on milk production and levels of metabolites in blood and rumen fluid of Holstein-Friesian cows in early lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Granzin ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Summary. Monensin was fed to Holstein–Friesian cows in early lactation to study its effects on concentrations of blood metabolites, feed intake, body condition and milk production. In the first experiment, 18 Holstein–Friesian cows were randomly stratified into 6 similar groups of cows based on parity and previous milk yield. Cows within these groups were assigned randomly to be fed either 0, 150 or 300 mg of monensin per day. Monensin was fed as a component of a 1 kg grain supplement at 0600 h daily from 14 days prepartum to 84 days postpartum. Mean milk yields (kg/day) of cows supplemented with monensin at 150 mg/day (23.0) and 300 mg/day (23.7) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of unsupplemented cows (21.1). Milk fat and protein contents were not affected by monensin feeding but daily yields of milk fat and protein differed significantly (P<0.05) between treatments. Monensin supplemented at 300 mg per day significantly (P<0.05) reduced the molar proportion of rumen acetate and increased the molar proportion of rumen propionate. Monensin fed at either 150 or 300 mg/day significantly (P<0.05) increased the ratio of plasma glucose: β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), but had no effect on concentrations of blood acetoacetate, serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), plasma glucose or BHB. Monensin had no effect on liveweight change or condition score. In the second experiment, 12 Holstein–Friesian cows in early lactation were blocked on parity into 3 groups of 4 cows, and 2 cows within each block were of either high, or low genetic merit. Monensin (none or 320 mg per day) and genetic merit were assigned as a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Monensin supplementation commenced 28 days prepartum and ended 56 days postpartum. Monensin caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake (21.6 v. 23.2 kg/day) and significantly reduced plasma BHB concentration (64.0 v. 6.7 mg/dL). Cows with a higher genetic merit had a significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield (27.2 kg/day) compared to cows of low genetic merit (26.3 kg/day). Low genetic merit cows fed monensin had significantly (P<0.05) lower daily milk fat yield, lower serum NEFA concentration and higher plasma glucose concentration compared to low genetic merit cows not fed monensin, or high genetic merit cows. Serum insulin and bovine somatotrophin concentrations were unaffected by the treatments. The results of these experiments suggest that with Holstein–Friesian cows in early lactation, the increase in hepatic propionate supply caused by monensin supplementation increases glucose synthesis and subsequent milk production when the requirements of the mammary gland for glucose are not otherwise being met. If the glucose requirements of the mammary gland are being satisfied, monensin decreases ketogenesis and the mobilisation of adipose tissue. Monensin had a positive effect on intake in this study.

Effects of pasture allowance on milk production of dairy cows offered increasing amounts of partial mixed rations in spring

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Auldist ◽  
M. M. Wright ◽  
L. C. Marett ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
W. J. Wales
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production was measured in Holstein–Friesian cows offered low, medium or high allowances of ryegrass pasture (15, 25 or 40 kg DM/cow.day to ground level) and receiving different amounts of supplement (6, 10, 12 or 14 kg DM/cow.day) as a partial mixed ration (PMR). The 27-day experiment was conducted in spring when cows were 45 ± 17.3 days in milk (mean ± s.d.). Two groups of six cows received each of the 12 combinations of pasture allowance and PMR amount. The PMR comprised wheat grain (38%, DM basis), maize grain (18%), lucerne hay (22%) and canola meal (22%). When 6 kg DM PMR/cow.day was offered, cows grazing the low allowance produced less milk and energy-corrected milk than did cows grazing the medium and high allowances. There was no effect of pasture allowance on production of milk or energy-corrected milk at any other amount of PMR offered. When cows were offered 14 kg DM PMR/cow.day, milk fat concentrations were lower for cows grazing the high pasture allowance than for cows grazing the medium allowance. There were no differences in milk fat concentrations between cows grazing the different pasture allowances at any other amount of PMR offered. When cows were offered 6 kg DM PMR/cow.day, cows grazing the low pasture allowance yielded less milk fat than did cows grazing the medium pasture allowance. Cows grazing the high allowance had greater concentrations and yields of milk protein than did cows grazing the low allowance at all amounts of PMR offered, while cows grazing the medium allowance yielded more milk protein at some amounts of PMR. Pasture utilisation decreased with increases in both pasture allowance and amount of PMR. These results will enable farmers to better optimise feeding systems that combine both pasture and PMR.

Replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in the diet of lactating dairy cows: Feed intake, milk production and cow condition responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruairi P McDonnell ◽  
Martin vH Staines
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
The Difference

This research paper describes the effect of partially replacing wheat with maize grain and canola meal on milk production and body condition changes in early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows consuming a grass silage-based diet over an 83-d period. Two groups of 39 cows were stratified for age, parity, historical milk yield and days in milk (DIM), and offered one of two treatment diets. The first treatment (CON) reflected a typical diet used by Western Australian dairy producers in summer and comprised (kg DM/cow per d); 8 kg of annual ryegrass silage, 6 kg of crushed wheat (provided once daily in a mixed ration), 3·6 kg of crushed lupins (provided in the milking parlour in two daily portions) and ad libitum lucerne haylage. The second treatment diet (COMP) was identical except the 6 kg of crushed wheat was replaced by 6 kg of a more complex concentrate mix (27% crushed wheat, 34% maize grain and 37% canola meal). Lucerne haylage was provided independently in the paddock to all cows, and no pasture was available throughout the experiment. The COMP group had a greater mean overall daily intake (22·5vs20·4 kg DM/cow) and a higher energy corrected milk (ECM) yield (29·2vs27·1 kg/cow;P= 0·047) than the CON cows. The difference in overall intake was caused by a higher daily intake of lucerne haylage in COMP cows (4·5vs2·3 kg DM/cow). The CON group had a higher concentration of milk fat (42·1vs39·3 g/kg;P= 0·029) than COMP cows. Milk protein yield was greater in COMP cows (P< 0·021); however, milk fat yield was unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that partially replacing wheat with canola meal and maize grain in a grass silage-based diet increases voluntary DMI of conserved forage and consequently yields of ECM and milk protein.

Effect of timing of protein supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
B. C. Granzin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
And Control ◽  
Friesian Cows

Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of timing of protein supplementation on performance of grazing, lactating Holstein–Friesian cows fed maize silage and grain-based concentrate. In experiment 1, 36 cows were fed 0.8 kg DM/day of solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) either as 1 meal at 1200 hours with maize silage (CSM 1200) or at 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 1530), or in 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 600 + 1530). In experiment 2, 36 cows were either fed no CSM (control) or fed 1.0 kg DM/day as either CSM 1200 or CSM 600 + 1530. In experiment 1, daily yields of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat for CSM 600 + 1530 were significantly higher than for CSM 1530 with respective means of 22.8 v. 20.7 L and 895 v. 804 g. Daily yields of FCM and milk fat for CSM 1200 were intermediate (21.7 L and 841 g/cow, respectively). A similar trend for daily protein yield per cow was noted (712, 695 and 666 g for CSM 600 + 1530, 1200 and 1530, respectively). In experiment 2, milk yield differed numerically between CSM 600 + 1530 and other treatments, with means (± s.e.d.) of 24.7 ± 0.78, 22.9 ± 0.78 and 22.9 ± 0.78 L/cow.day for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and control, respectively. Mean (± s.e.d.) net energy requirements for milk production and liveweight change tended to be lower for the control (68 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) as opposed to CSM 600 + 1530 (79 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) and CSM 1200 (76 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day). Cumulative time where rumen degradable nitrogen:rumen degradable dry matter was less than 22 g/kg were 2, 2 and 3 h for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and CSM 1530, respectively, in experiment 1, and 6, 4 and 2 h for the control, 1200 and CSM 600 + 1530, respectively, in experiment 2. No differences in rumen ammonia-N concentrations were noted between treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, a significantly lower mean (± s.e.d.) rumen ammonia-N concentration was recorded for the control at 1530 hours (62 ± 14.1 mg/dL) in comparison to CSM 600 + 1530 (114 ± 14.1 mg/dL) and CSM 1200 (119 ± 14.1 mg/dL). These experiments show that for grazing dairy cows supplemented with maize silage and grain-based concentrate, feeding a daily aliquot of CSM as 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours rather than 1 meal at 1200 or 1530 hours improves milk production.

The production and composition of milk from dairy cows fed hay and supplemented with either brewers' grains or rolled barley grain

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four groups of seven Friesian cows were offered 70% of their calculated metabolizable energy requirements as pasture hay and either 2.4, 4.8 or 7.2 kg/d of dry matter (DM) as wet brewers' grains or 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. A further group of cows received no supplement. The quantities of brewers' grains offered were calculated from in vitro digestible DM content to provide lo%, 20% and 30%, respectively, of metabolizable energy requirements and the rolled barley 30% of metabolizable energy requirements. The cows consumed a mean of 2.2,4.3 and 6.1 kg DM/d, respectively, as brewers' grains and 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. The daily yields of milk (litres), protein (kg) and solids not fat (kg), respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) for the cows offered brewers' grains at 4.8 kg DM/d (1 5.6,0.49, 1.36) and 7.2 kg DM/d (16.4, 0.54, 1.45) than for the cows offered rolled barley (13.3, 0.45, 1.21). Daily yields of milk fat from the cows offered either 4.8 or 7.2 kg DM/d of brewers' grains or rolled barley did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences between treatments in liveweight change. It was concluded that wet brewers' grains and rolled barley offered as supplements to dairy cows fed hay have similar nutritive values for milk production. It was calculated that for milk fat production the break even landed price ratio of brewers' grains to barley is 1:1.26.

scholarly journals L-selectin gene polymorphism and its association with clinical mastitis, somatic cell score, and milk production in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dusza ◽  
J. Pokorska ◽  
J. Makulska ◽  
D. Kulaj ◽  
M. Cupial
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease of the mammary gland, highly contributing to the increase in veterinary costs in dairy industry. In the present study, the genetic polymorphism within bovine L-selectin gene was analysed and its impact on clinical mastitis occurrence, somatic cell score (SCS), and milk production traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows was examined. Polymorphism within L-selectin gene, molecule responsible for neutrophil attachment to endothelium, might have a potential role in immune response to bacterial infections and udder health. Two hundred and six Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms mutations within the coding sequence of L-selectin gene were identified (c.165G&gt;A and c.567C&gt;T). The effect of c.165G&gt;A and c.567C&gt;T mutations on SCS was highly significant (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Strong associations (P ≤ 0.0001) were also observed between L-selectin polymorphism and milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage). However, the polymorphism in the analysed gene had no influence on the resistance or susceptibility of cows to clinical mastitis (only the tendency toward significance, P = 0.06 for c.567C&gt;T mutation was found). Potential exploitation of the information on the identified associations in genetic selection needs to confirm the obtained results in further investigations.

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