The production and composition of milk from dairy cows fed hay and supplemented with either brewers' grains or rolled barley grain

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four groups of seven Friesian cows were offered 70% of their calculated metabolizable energy requirements as pasture hay and either 2.4, 4.8 or 7.2 kg/d of dry matter (DM) as wet brewers' grains or 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. A further group of cows received no supplement. The quantities of brewers' grains offered were calculated from in vitro digestible DM content to provide lo%, 20% and 30%, respectively, of metabolizable energy requirements and the rolled barley 30% of metabolizable energy requirements. The cows consumed a mean of 2.2,4.3 and 6.1 kg DM/d, respectively, as brewers' grains and 3.9 kg DM/d as rolled barley. The daily yields of milk (litres), protein (kg) and solids not fat (kg), respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) for the cows offered brewers' grains at 4.8 kg DM/d (1 5.6,0.49, 1.36) and 7.2 kg DM/d (16.4, 0.54, 1.45) than for the cows offered rolled barley (13.3, 0.45, 1.21). Daily yields of milk fat from the cows offered either 4.8 or 7.2 kg DM/d of brewers' grains or rolled barley did not differ significantly. There were no significant differences between treatments in liveweight change. It was concluded that wet brewers' grains and rolled barley offered as supplements to dairy cows fed hay have similar nutritive values for milk production. It was calculated that for milk fat production the break even landed price ratio of brewers' grains to barley is 1:1.26.

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

Substitution and production responses when lactating dairy cows graze a white clover pasture supplemented with maize silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Friesian Cows

Friesian cows (16) in late lactation grazed pure white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) swards for 32 days in autumn and were supplemented with maize (Zea mays) silage. Four groups of 4 cows were offered either 19 or 39 kg dry matter (DM)/cow.day of white clover with either 0 or 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage. All cows were individually fed maize silage and grazed the pasture as individual groups according to treatment. When maize silage was fed, total intake increased, this occurring to a greater degree at the low pasture allowance. The level of substitution of silage for pasture was 0.14 and 0.40 kg DM reduction in pasture intake per kg DM of maize silage eaten at the low and high allowances, respectively. At the low pasture allowance, milk yields were 10.1 and 13.7 kg/cow. day when 0 and 4.4 kg DM/cow.day of maize silage were fed, respectively, and were 15.5 and 15.9 kg/cow.day at the high pasture allowance. Liveweight and body condition increased as plane of nutrition increased but there were no effects of feeding on milk fat or protein contents. Feeding maize silage had little effect on any rumen or faecal variable although there was generally less ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid when cows were supplemented with maize silage.

An examination of the metabolizable energy requirements of lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 197-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The last 4 decades has seen considerable research effort directed towards quantifying the energy requirements of dairy cows. The partitioning of food energy and the efficiencies with which it is used for maintenance (km) and milk production (kl) have been subjected to scrutiny through either individual animal studies or mathematical treatment of data pools, and in consequence several rationing systems have been proposed. Since 1992, CEDAR has undertaken research involving a series of rations fed to lactating Holstein-Friesian cows where energy and nitrogen balances have been conducted simultaneous with gaseous exchange. The purpose of this study was to consider this data in order to establish if either the cows or diets currently being used in the UK have any effect on maintenance metabolizable energy [ME] requirements or the efficiency with which ME is utilised to support milk synthesis.

Citrus meal as an energy supplement for dairy cows

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Bartsch ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Consistent Response

Nine cows in each of four treatment groups consumed an estimated 70% of metabolizable energy requirements as hay and an estimated 30% of metabolizable energy requirements as a supplement consisting of either 1. 3.9 kg rolled barley, 2. 0.7 kg citrus meal and 3.2 kg rolled barley, 3. 1.9 kg citrus meal and 2.0 kg rolled barley or 4. 3.4 kg citrus meal. Milk production showed no consistent response to changes in the proportions of citrus meal and rolled barley in the ration. Production of fat, solids-not-fat and protein were similar for all treatments. Milk solids-not-fat concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) from cows consuming 1.9 or 3.4 kg of citrus meal (87.5 and 85.9 g L-1, respectively) compared with those of cows consuming 0 or 0.7 kg of citrus meal (90.0 and 91.0 g L-1, respectively). Milk protein concentrations were also lower (P < 0.05) from cows consuming 1.9 or 3.4 kg of citrus meal (30.8 and 30.9 g L-1, respectively) compared with those of cows consuming 0 or 0.7 kg of citrus meal (33.1 and 34.8 g L-1, respectively). Organoleptic gradings showed that the cream from cows fed 3.4 kg of citrus meal was abnormal in flavour compared with cream from cows fed no citrus meal. Milk fat from cows fed 3.4 kg of citrus meal compared with that from cows not fed citrus meal contained more C18:1 fatty acid (1 8.4 and 15.2%, respectively), less C12 fatty acid (4.1 and 4.9%, respectively) and less C8 fatty acid (1.7 and 1.8%, respectively). Citrus meal can replace up to 2 kg of rolled barley on a dry matter basis in dairy concentrate mixtures without any detrimental effect on milk production, cow liveweight or flavour of the milk. However, citrus meal is not a suitable energy substitute for cereal grains in concentrate mixtures fed primarily to increase the solids-not-fat or protein content of milk.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Major Feed Resources in Tanqua-Abergelle District of Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tikabo Gebremariam ◽  
Shumuye Belay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Mill Waste

Background. A detailed study on the feed quantity and quality is required to document the available feeds and their nutritional values. Aim. The study was aimed to investigate and document the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of major feed resources available in Tanqua-Abergelle district of central Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Methods. Ten different feed resources were evaluated for their nutritive values. Representative feed samples were collected and prepared following appropriate procedures. The samples were subjected to analysis of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) using proper scientific procedures. Results. Wide variations were observed in nutritive values of the investigated feeds. The highest crude protein (CP) was measured in Atella (15.90%) followed by green grass (13.20%), mill waste (10.90%), groundnut straw (9.18%), and cowpea straw (8.11%) in descending order. Mill waste (11.84 MJ/kg DM) and Atella (11.81 MJ/kg DM) had the highest metabolizable energy (ME) followed by green grass (9.83 MJ/kg DM), groundnut straw (9.28 MJ/kg DM), Teff straw (8.56 MJ/kg DM), and cowpea straw (8.39 MJ/kg DM) in that order. The highest NDF was recorded in groundnut null (79.80%) and the lowest NDF in mill waste (35.00%) and Atella (40.60%). The highest IVDMD was seen in mill waste (81.43%) and Atella (81.21%) and the lowest in groundnut hull (39.95%). Conclusion. The nonconventional feeds have moderate protein and reduced fiber contents, and thus, they can be utilized as supplement for poor-quality feeds. These feeds need further investigation using animals to substantiate the current study.

An examination of the metabolizable energy requirements of lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
S.B. Cammell ◽  
M.S. Dhanoa ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The last 4 decades has seen considerable research effort directed towards quantifying the energy requirements of dairy cows. The partitioning of food energy and the efficiencies with which it is used for maintenance (km) and milk production (kl) have been subjected to scrutiny through either individual animal studies or mathematical treatment of data pools, and in consequence several rationing systems have been proposed. Since 1992, CEDAR has undertaken research involving a series of rations fed to lactating Holstein-Friesian cows where energy and nitrogen balances have been conducted simultaneous with gaseous exchange. The purpose of this study was to consider this data in order to establish if either the cows or diets currently being used in the UK have any effect on maintenance metabolizable energy [ME] requirements or the efficiency with which ME is utilised to support milk synthesis.

Influence of different systems for feeding supplements to grazing dairy cows on milk fatty acid composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Akbaridoust ◽  
Tim Plozza ◽  
Victor C Trenerry ◽  
William J Wales ◽  
Martin J Auldist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Corn Grain

This study investigated the effects of different strategies for feeding supplements to grazing dairy cows on the proportions of fatty acids in milk. Two hundred and sixteen cows were fed supplementary grain and forage according to one of 3 different strategies; (1) Control: cows grazed perennial ryegrass pasture (14 kg dry matter/d) supplemented with milled barley grain fed in the milking parlour and pasture silage offered in the paddock; (2) Partial mixed ration 1 (PMR1): same pasture allotment and supplement as Control strategy, but the supplements presented as a mixed ration after each milking in feedpad, and; (3) Partial mixed ration 2 (PMR2): same pasture allotment, supplemented with a mixed ration of milled barley grain, alfalfa hay, corn silage and crushed corn grain fed in a feedpad. Within each strategy, cows were assigned to receive either 6, 8, 10 or 12 kg dry matter supplement/cow per d. Milk fatty acid proportions from cows fed Control and PMR1 strategies were similar and different from those fed PMR2, particularly at 10 to 12 kg dry matter supplement/cow per d. The reduction in milk fat yield and concentration in cows fed high amounts of supplement as Control and PMR1 was coincident with 4 × increase in 10t-18:1 proportion. The composition of the partial mixed ration (PMR) and the amount offered affected milk fatty acid proportions and milk fat content, however, the method of supplementation did not.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean molasses-adsorbents on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk production performance in lactating dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Ao Ren ◽  
Zhiwei Kong ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro fermentation characteristics of corncob powder (CRP), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), defatted bran (DB) and soybean hulls (SH) when mixed with soybean molasses at a ratio of 30:100 (dry matter basis), using a batch culture incubation. During in vitro study, SH showed better fermentation characteristics (including greater maximum gas production, shorter time to achieve half of Vf, greater concentrations of acetate, propionate and total VFA, and less initial fractional rate of degradation) than other four substrates, while WB had the greatest values of DM and NDF disappearance, NH3-N and butyrate concentrations among substrates. A randomized complete block designed in vivo experiment was conducted with 24 Holstein cows (534 ± 58 kg BW, 2.8 ± 0.7 parity, 129 ± 23 d in milk) randomly assigned to three experimental diets: Control, WB (WB adsorbed to soybean molasses replaced 150 g of corn meal per 1000 g of diet dry matter [DM]) or SH (SH adsorbed to soybean molasses replaced 100 g of wheat bran and 50 g corn meal per 1000 g of diet DM). The results indicated that cows received WB diet had greater (P<0.01) milk fat and total milk solid content than cows fed control and SH diets, and cows received WB and SH diets tended to have greater (P<0.01) milk protein content and blood glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentration than cows fed control diet. Furtherly, cows received WB diet had greater (P<0.01) blood amylase and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than that of cows fed control diet during middle lactation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of molasses adsorbed by-products like WB and SH have positive effect on promoting rumen fermentation, milk quality and blood metabolism in early- and middle-lactating dairy cows. The results offered a new products and feeding way in dairy farming

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