Sensitivity of Australian Melissococcus pluton isolates to oxytetracycline hydrochloride

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Z. Hornitzky ◽  
L. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales ◽  
European Foulbrood

Summary. The effectiveness of the antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride) against the bacterium Melissococcus pluton, which causes European foulbrood in honey bees (Apis mellifera) was investigated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration of oxytetracycline hydrochloride for 104 M. pluton isolates cultured from samples of brood and honey collected from A. mellifera colonies in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 1 g/mL for 51 isolates, and 2 g/mL for 53 isolates. These results indicate that, although oxytetracycline hydrochloride has been used exclusively for the past 22 years to treat European foulbrood, Australian isolates of M. pluton are still sensitive to this antibiotic.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 26: Fortnightly reporting period ending 27 September 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales

Cumulatively to 27 September there have been 27,095 case notifications and 835 deaths. The number of new cases reported nationally this fortnight was 278, a 67% decrease from the previous fortnight (841). On average, this represented 20 cases notified each day over the reporting period, a decrease from an average of 60 cases per day over the previous reporting period. 82% of all COVID-19 cases for the period (229/278) were reported in Victoria, with smaller numbers of cases reported from New South Wales (32), Western Australia (9), Queensland (6) and South Australia (2). In Victoria, 92% of cases (210/229) were locally acquired with known source, 7% (15/229) were locally acquired with unknown source, and 2% (4/229) were reported as under investigation. Excluding Victoria, there were 49 cases in other jurisdictions. Of these, 69% (34/49) were overseas acquired, 18% (9/49) were locally acquired, and 12% (10/49) were under investigation at this time. The continued decrease in new cases observed this fortnight in Victoria was the result of the public health interventions to minimise transmission. A total of 8 deaths were reported from cases diagnosed in this reporting period, all of whom were >75 years old, and all from Victoria. Although testing rates declined over the past month, they remain high at 10.4 tests per 1,000 population per week. There is variability in the testing rate by jurisdiction; the rate depends on the epidemic context. The overall positivity rate for the reporting period was 0.08%. Victoria reported a positivity rate of 0.18% for this reporting period, while in all other jurisdictions the positivity rate was 0.05% or lower.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Australia: Epidemiology Report 30: Fortnightly reporting period ending 22 November 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unknown Source ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Case Count ◽  
Low Levels

Nationally, COVID-19 notifications remained at low levels this fortnight. The daily average number of cases for this reporting period was nine, which was similar to last fortnight’s average. There were 123 cases of COVID-19 and no deaths this fortnight, bringing the cumulative case count to 27,892 and 907 deaths. Hospitalisations for COVID-19 dropped further in the past two fortnights: there were just two cases admitted to FluCAN participating hospitals and there were no admissions to ICU in SPRINT-SARI sites during this four-week period. New South Wales reported the highest proportion of cases this fortnight (46%; 56/123), all of which were overseas acquired. Locally-acquired cases accounted for 15% (19/123) of all cases reported this fortnight all of which were attributed to a cluster of cases in South Australia. At the end of this reporting period, it had been 24 days since there was a locally-acquired case of unknown source. Testing rates increased to 12.0 tests per 1,000 population per week during this reporting period, driven by a significant increasing in testing in South Australia. The overall positivity rate for the reporting period was 0.03%, will all jurisdictions reporting a positivity rate ≤ 0.10%.

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

The Relation Between the Food of the Australian Barracouta, Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen), and Recent Fluctuations in the Fisheries

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
South Wales

The diet of surface-swimming Australian barracouta was studied from over 10,000 stomachs. The principal prey organisms in Bass Strait are the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis Sars, the anchovy Engraulis australis (White), and young barracouta, in that order; and in eastern Tasmania Nyctiphanes, Engraulis, and the sprat Clupea bassensis McCulloch, in that order. The pilchard Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner) is not an important item of the diet in these regions although it is so in New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. The jack mackerel Trachurus declivis Jenyns is a significant item in eastern Tasmania and New South Wales but not in Bass Strait. These and other features of the fish diet of the barracouta reflect actual availability of the various small fish species in the waters. Barracouta eat Nyctiphanes by herding them into dense masses (or finding them already concentrated) and swallowing them. The movements of the anchovy make it unavailable to Bass Strait and eastern Tasmanian barracouta for much of the summer and autumn period, when the barracouta are thus dependent upon Nyctiphanes for the bulk of their food. A close positive relationship between the availability of barracouta and Nyctiphanes might therefore be expected at those seasons. There is evidence of such a relationship between mean availability (catch per boat-month) of barracouta and mean percentage of barracouta stomachs containing Nyctiphanes, at those seasons, from year to year. For southern Victorian coastal waters both show a downward trend from 1948-49 to 1950-51 and then an upward trend to 1953-54; for eastern Tasmania both show a downward trend (for autumn only) from 1949-50 through 1952-53. The records of catch per boat-month furnish independent evidence that the main variations in this index were effects of availability (population distribution or behaviour) rather than abundance (population size), at least for southern Victoria. It is therefore considered that when scarcity of barracouta occurs in summer and autumn in the coastal fishing areas it may be due to scarcity of Nyctiphanes, forcing the fish to go offshore for this food which is known to be available there. This would take the fish out of range of the fishermen.

Dacus tryoni. [Distribution map].

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dacus tryoni[Bactrocera tryoni] (Frogg.) (Dipt., Trypetidae) (Queensland Fruit-fly) Hosts: Many deciduous and subtropical fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria.

Podospora excentrica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Podospora excentrica. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia)), New Zealand, Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)).

John Davies Thomas: Chloroformist in London and pioneer South Australian doctor

2021 ◽  
pp. 0310057X2110315
Author(s):  
Rajesh P Haridas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
North America ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Adelaide Hospital ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
South Wales

John Davies Thomas (1844–1893) described a two-ounce drop-bottle for chloroform in 1872 while he was a resident medical officer at University College Hospital, London. After working as a ship’s surgeon, he settled in Australia. In May 1875, Thomas presented a paper on the mortality from ether and chloroform at a meeting of the Medical Society of Victoria in Melbourne, Victoria. Surveys conducted in Europe and North America had established that the mortality from chloroform was eight to ten times higher than that from ether. At that time, chloroform was the most widely administered anaesthetic in Australia. Thomas’ paper was published in The Australian Medical Journal and reprinted by the Medical Society of Victoria for distribution to hospitals in the Colony of Victoria. Later that year, Thomas moved to Adelaide, South Australia, where he may have been influential at the Adelaide Hospital in ensuring that ether was administered more often than chloroform. It does not appear that Thomas’ papers on anaesthesia had a significant effect on the conduct of anaesthesia in Victoria or New South Wales.

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