Effect of waterlogging on the severity of disease caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes in peas (Pisum sativum L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald ◽  
G Dean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

The effect of waterlogging on the severity of disease caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes infection in field pea was measured in 2 experiments in the glasshouse. Disease significantly reduced root and shoot growth in both experiments. In a comparison of 2 cultivars with different sensitivities to waterlogging, the severity of disease was lower in the cultivar which was less sensitive to short-term waterlogging. Flooding the roots of plants after infection increased the visual symptoms of disease, but if plants were inoculated with the pathogen after flooding commenced, disease severity was reduced by waterlogging. Inoculation before waterlogging significantly reduced plant dry matter, but there was no reduction in plant growth by disease when inoculation occurred after waterlogging commenced. The results suggest that waterlogging of peas already infected with Mycosphaerella pinodes may result in more severe infection and greater reductions in plant growth, and cultivars more sensitive to waterlogging damage may also suffer greater losses from disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Short Interval Flooding Events on Root and Shoot Growth of Four Landscape Shrub Taxa

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Kathryne J. Jernigan ◽  
Amy N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Research was conducted to screen four landscape shrub taxa for tolerance to repeated flooding events. Plants of Fothergilla × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’ (dwarf witchalder), Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ (summersweet), and Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ (possumhaw) were flooded repeatedly over six weeks for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 days with a draining period of 6 days between each flooding event. The experiment was repeated for a total of two runs. With the exception of F. × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa showed good visual quality and no reduction in root growth in either run, and effects on shoot growth were minimal. Size index of Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ was 27% higher in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days than in plants flooded for 6 days in run 1 only. Shoot dry weight of Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ was actually 11% higher in plants flooded 6 days days than in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days in run 2. Size index of Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ increased with increasing flood length, and plants flooded for 6 days had a 9% higher SI than plants flooded for 0 days in run 1. With the exception of Fothergilla × intermedia L. ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa appeared tolerant of and even thrived during flooding and would be appropriate shrub selections for a southeastern United States rain garden.

Uptake, Translocation, and Herbicidal Effect of Diphenamid

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deli ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
The Difference

Root application ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) caused reduction of root and shoot growth of oats (Avena sativaL., var. Jaycee) seedlings. Shoot application did not affect plant growth, but studies with labeled diphenamid showed that diphenamid will enter also through the shoot. In ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederaceaL.), a considerable amount of label was translocated from the roots to the shoots, but not in oats seedlings. The difference in tolerance between these two species (oats susceptible, morningglory resistant) may lie in the ability of morningglory to translocate diphenamid out of the roots into the shoots faster than oats. The inhibitory effect of diphenamid was restricted to the site of uptake. Reduction in shoot growth of treated plants was the result of the limited root system and it was not a direct effect of diphenamid. Diphenamid was 10 times as toxic to oats as its metabolites. Oats seedlings inhibited by diphenamid for up to 5 days, and then placed in water recovered from the diphenamid caused inhibition. The resumed root growth appeared to be normal. The amount of uptake of14C-labeled sucrose by excised roots treated with 10−5M diphenamid was equal to that in untreated roots; however, more sugar was incorporated into the untreated roots than the treated roots. It appears that diphenamid is a reversible metabolic inhibitor; it inhibits cell division in the root tip perhaps by limiting utilization of substrates in the cells.

IV.—Studies on Periodicity in Plant Growth. Part II: Correlation in Root and Shoot Growth

1915 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Rosalind Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

Part I of this work on Growth Periodicity (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii, Part I (No. 8), p. 85) dealt with the occurrence of a four-day periodicity in plant organs and with rhythm in roots. With reference to the latter, the following conclusions were deduced from various observations made up to that time:—1. “Roots exhibit a periodicity under ordinary conditions of environment which differs from that of shoots.2. “Owing to correlation, the root periodicity is affected by changes in the root rhythm, but to what extent has yet to be determined.”Since then, numerous experiments have been performed to find out whether any correlation exists between the growth of the root and the shoot, and if so, the nature of such a correlation.

Involvement of Abscisic Acid in Controlling Plant Growth in Soil of Low Water Potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns ◽  
RE Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Soil

Hormones appear to be important in controlling plant growth in soils of low water potential, particularly in changing the root:shoot ratio as the soil dries or becomes saline, and in communicating soil conditions to the leaves. This review has necessarily focused on abscisic acid (ABA), as there is little information about the role of other hormones in controlling growth in dry or saline soils. ABA is partly responsible for the differential response of root and shoot growth to dry soils. In dry soil it maintains root growth and inhibits shoot growth. However, when applied to well-watered plants, it usually inhibits root and shoot growth, showing that plants in dry soil respond quite differently from well-watered plants. ABA affects the rate of cell expansion in plants in dry soils: it maintains cell expansion in roots and inhibits that in leaves. It may also affect the rate of cell production, but little is known about this. The role of ABA as a long-distance signal in controlling growth by root-to-shoot communication is unclear: the concentrations found in xylem sap can affect stomatal conductance, but seem too low to affect leaf expansion. Yet drought and salinity generally affect leaf expansion before they affect leaf conductance. A possible solution to this puzzle is that ABA is transported in xylem sap in a complexed form, or that another compound in xylem sap stimulates the synthesis or activity of ABA in leaves, or affects leaf expansion independently of ABA.

scholarly journals Estimation of Plant Growth Promoting Potential of Two Nickel Accumulating Morphotypes Isolated from River Hooghly on Indian Yellow Mustard (Brassica hirta)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
Tanoy Mukherjee ◽  
Avijit Ghosh ◽  
Santanu Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Pgp Activities ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to influence plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. Present study was conducted with an aim to estimate the PGPB potential of two nickel tolerant bacterial isolates from river Hooghly. Isolates (I-3) (Gram negative coccobacilli) and (II-1) (Gram positive rods) were observed, among a total of 22 other isolates, to tolerate and accumulate significant amounts of nickel and also have multiple Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) activities like IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Present study also shows that seeds of yellow mustard (Brassica hirta) inoculated with both the test isolates individually, significantly enhanced root and shoot growth and also protected the plant from the various phytotoxic effects of nickel.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11107 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 413-419 

Short-term watering-distance and symmetry effects on root and shoot growth of bell pepper plantlets

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Meiri ◽  
Boris Naftaliev ◽  
David Shmuel ◽  
Hana Yechezkel ◽  
Gregory Communar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

scholarly journals Population, Growth and Water Use of Groundnut Maintained on Stored Water. I. Root and Shoot Growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Nageswara Rao ◽  
L. P. Simmonds ◽  
S. N. Azam-Ali ◽  
J. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Central India ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Rooting Density ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Row Space

SUMMARYThe growth of roots and shoots was measured in stands of groundnut grown at a number of populations on stored water in central India. Total weight and length of roots per unit land area increased with population density, but the proportional increases were much less than for shoot weight. Consequently the root:total weight ratio increased from 0.3 in the densest stand to almost 0.5 in the widely spaced crop. The denser stands produced a greater proportion of their roots at depth. In wide rows there was little change in rooting density across the inter-row space.Total dry matter per unit land area increased with population, although the weight per plant was less in denser stands. Although the crops were harvested prematurely, pod yield per unit land area, unlike total dry matter, was no greater in dense stands than in more widely spaced crops. The greatest number of pods per unit land area was recorded at an intermediate population density.

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