The net carbon balance in relation to growth and biomass accumulation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) grown in a controlled environment

Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season’s growth.

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Effects of grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) on plant carbon balance in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Giró Ros

Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology ◽

10.1007/s40626-015-0050-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Montero ◽

H. El aou ouad ◽

J. Flexas ◽

J. Bota

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Vitis Vinifera L

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Source - sink differences in genotypes and water regimes influencing sucrose accumulation in sugarcane stalks

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp08272 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 316 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

N. G. Inman-Bamber ◽

G. D. Bonnett ◽

M. F. Spillman ◽

M. L. Hewitt ◽

Jingsheng Xu

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Extension Rate ◽

Sucrose Content ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

High Sucrose

Relatively little is known about the physiological basis for variation in sucrose content among sugarcane clones despite substantial research at the molecular and biochemical levels. We used irrigation and continuous monitoring of photosynthesis and plant extension rate to modify dry matter partitioning in four clones differing widely in sucrose content. Three pot experiments were conducted on two low sucrose content clones, KQ97-2599 and KQ97-2835, and two high sucrose content clones, Q117 and KQ97-5080, in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. As expected, sucrose content on a dry mass basis of whole stalks was greater in high (55% maximum) than in low sucrose clones (40% maximum), but sucrose content in the two clones selected for low sucrose reached 55% in some internodes. Differences between clones in whole-plant net photosynthesis and aerial biomass accumulation were small. However, biomass was distributed over fewer stalks in the high sucrose clones (4–7 stalks per pot) than in the low sucrose clones (9–11 stalks per pot). The high sucrose clones also allocated a considerably greater proportion of dry matter to the stalk (70% maximum) than the low sucrose clones (60% maximum). It is suggested that the relatively large amount of new leaf tissue produced by the high tillering, low sucrose clones placed an additional demand for structural photo-assimilate in these clones and delayed the accumulation of sucrose in the stalk. The results indicated that there is little direct genetic control on the maximum amount of sucrose that can accumulate in stalk tissue and that genetic contrasts in sucrose content reside more in the morphology of the plant and responses to ripening stimuli such as mild water stress, and how these traits influence supply and demand for photo-assimilate.

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Flashes of UV-C light stimulate defences of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay against Erysiphe necator in greenhouse and vineyard conditions

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-20-2229-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Loïc Ledermann ◽

Stéphane Daouda ◽

Caroline Gouttesoulard ◽

Jawad Aarrouf ◽

Laurent Urban

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Dark Respiration ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Plant Defences ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Uv C ◽

Better Than

Using detached leaves, UV-C light in the form of 1-sec flashes has recently been shown to stimulate defences of several plants against different pathogenes better than 1 min exposures under greenhouse conditions. In the present work, the pathological tests were conducted using undetached leaves under greenhouse and vineyard conditions. In a first trial, two flashes of UV-C light were applied to plants of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay grown under greenhouse conditions, at an interval of 10 days. Plants were inoculated with Erysiphe necator two days after the last light treatment. After 18 days of inoculation, the symptom severity on leaves was reduced by 60 % when compared with the untreated control. In a second trial, flashes of UV-C light were applied to grapevine Chardonnay plants under field conditions in the South-East of France, every 10 days from the 18th of April until the 10th of July 2019. The symptom severity resulting from natural contaminations by Erysiphe necator was reduced by 42 % in leaves on the 4th of July 2019 and by 65 % in clusters on the 25th of July 2019. In a third trial, we observed that UV-C light did not have any effect on net photosynthesis, maximal net photosynthesis, dark respiration, maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II, the performance index of Strasser and, generally, any parameter derived from induction curves of maximal chlorophyll fluorescence. It was concluded that flashes of UV-C light have true potential for stimulating plant defences against Erysiphe necator under vineyard conditions and, therefore, help in reducing fungicide use.

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Photosynthetic Development in Relation to Leaf Expansion in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Vines During Growth in a Controlled Environment

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9960541 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 541 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

DH Greer

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Young Leaves

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson) vines were grown in constant conditions for 3 months starting from budbreak to measure relationships between leaf development and photosynthesis during leaf expansion. Leaf area, net photosynthesis and fluorescence were repeatedly measured on the same leaves at regular intervals. At the growth conditions, the vines produced 0.5 leaves per day, with the earliest expanding leaves taking about 40 days and later emerging leaves up to 70 days to expand fully. Maximum leaf area increased up to leaf 9 then declined with later emerging leaves. Photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency depended on nodal position but were both highest in the earliest emerging leaves. Maximum photosynthetic capacity of individual leaves generally occurred in concert with leaves reaching full expansion but high rates of photosynthesis were observed within 10 days after budbreak. The early expanding leaves (positions 4 to 9) contributed up to 50% of the total net shoot carbon acquisition over the study period. Young leaves were also resistant to imposed photoinhibitory stresses. Early emerging leaves on kiwifruit vines appear physiologically well adapted to provide carbon in spring, when the plants are in a negative carbon balance.

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SEASONAL DRY MATTER PRODUCTION IN FIELD-GROWN SANGIOVESE AND MONTEPULCIANO GRAPEVINES (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2004.640.14 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. Silvestroni ◽

S. Mattioli ◽

E. Manni ◽

D. Neri ◽

P. Sabbatini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Matter Production

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Carbon Balance of the Sultana Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) And the Effects of Autumn Defoliation by Harvest-Pruning

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9780561 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 561 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

PB Scholefield ◽

TF Neales ◽

P May

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Late Summer ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Leaf Fall ◽

Spring Period ◽

Harvesting Method

Components of the carbon balance in the Sultana vine (Vitis vinifera L.) were examined with emphasis on the autumn, post-harvest, period. The net photosynthetic rate (PN) of leaves decreased from 0.30 to 0.03 mg CO2 m-2 s-1 from January to May (late summer to autumn). Two-thirds of this decline cocurred in the month before leaf fall. This decline in PN as senescence progressed was mainly due to increases in the 'residual', non-gas-phase, resistance to CO2 transfer. 14C-labelled assimilates were shown to move from the leaves to the perennial portions of the vine in both early and late autumn, and this 14C label reappeared in the shoot growth of the following spring. However, the level of carbohydrate reserves in shoots, roots or trunk in the autumn to spring period was not significantly affected by a severe (c. 60%) defoliation in early autumn. This level of defoliation, which the vine is able to tolerate without cumulative effects, occurs where Sultana vines are 'harvest-pruned' as part of the harvesting method of trellis drying.

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Does the hydrocooling of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines protect the vegetative and reproductive growth processes and vine performance against high summer temperatures?

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp13286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 620 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dennis H. Greer ◽

Mark M. Weedon

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Cooling System ◽

Growing Season ◽

Major Effect ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Reproductive Growth ◽

Summer Temperatures ◽

Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽

Berry Composition ◽

Carbon Economy

A hydrocooling system applied to Semillon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines as a means of protecting the vines from recurrent high temperatures. This system was assessed for impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth and development as well as for carbon economy of vines growing in vineyard conditions. The system maintained canopy temperatures at 35°C over the growing season. Leaf and bunch biomass and yield were all higher in the hydrocooled compared with control vines: the major effect was on dynamics of leaf and berry expansion. Leaf expansion was delayed and occurred over a longer duration whereas berry expansion was advanced and occurred over a longer duration than in control vines. Berry ripening was also faster in the hydrocooled vines and berries had accumulated more sugar at harvest. Leaf photosynthesis along the shoot was also higher in hydrocooled than control vines and there was a significant effect of leaf position on rates of photosynthesis of the hydrocooled vines but not with control vines. However, no differences were observed in the net shoot carbon budget. Lowered canopy temperatures were beneficial for yield and berry composition and, therefore, the cooling system warrants adoption in vineyards at risk from high temperature events during the growing season.

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