Does the hydrocooling of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines protect the vegetative and reproductive growth processes and vine performance against high summer temperatures?

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Mark M. Weedon
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Berry Composition ◽  
Carbon Economy

A hydrocooling system applied to Semillon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines as a means of protecting the vines from recurrent high temperatures. This system was assessed for impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth and development as well as for carbon economy of vines growing in vineyard conditions. The system maintained canopy temperatures at 35°C over the growing season. Leaf and bunch biomass and yield were all higher in the hydrocooled compared with control vines: the major effect was on dynamics of leaf and berry expansion. Leaf expansion was delayed and occurred over a longer duration whereas berry expansion was advanced and occurred over a longer duration than in control vines. Berry ripening was also faster in the hydrocooled vines and berries had accumulated more sugar at harvest. Leaf photosynthesis along the shoot was also higher in hydrocooled than control vines and there was a significant effect of leaf position on rates of photosynthesis of the hydrocooled vines but not with control vines. However, no differences were observed in the net shoot carbon budget. Lowered canopy temperatures were beneficial for yield and berry composition and, therefore, the cooling system warrants adoption in vineyards at risk from high temperature events during the growing season.

Establishing the temperature dependency of vegetative and reproductive growth processes and their threshold temperatures of vineyard-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines across the growing season

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Mark M. Weedon
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Dependent Processes

A hydrocooling system provided canopy temperature control of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon vines at set points of 30, 35 and 40°C. The impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth over the growing season were assessed. Dynamics and rates of leaf expansion, bunch biomass and sugar accumulation were strongly affected by canopy temperatures – being highest at 30°C and lowest at 40°C. Leaf and stem biomass accumulation at 40°C was detrimentally affected but was otherwise little affected by temperature. Leaf expansion was earliest, leaf sizes greatest and rates of expansion all optimal at 30°C and all were strongly temperature dependent. Bunch biomass accumulation was earliest at 35°C but amount of biomass in bunches and rates were both highly temperature dependent and optimal at 30°C. Rates of sugar accumulation and total amounts accumulated at harvest were both highly temperature-dependent processes: fastest and greatest at 30°C. Many of the temperature-dependent processes decreased in rates and amounts linearly between 30 and 40°C. Despite the effects of temperature on bunch and berry growth, there were no treatment effects on the yield per vine. The study confirms that the threshold temperature for most processes was 35°C, where some depreciation in dry matter and sugar accumulation occurred, whereas 40°C was detrimental to all growth processes.

The net carbon balance in relation to growth and biomass accumulation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) grown in a controlled environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Sylvie M. Sicard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Economy

Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season’s growth.

scholarly journals Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

"Terroir" effect, as a result of enviromental stess, depends more on soil depth than on soil type (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache Noir, Côtes du Rhône, France, 2000)

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Coipel ◽  
Begoña Rodriguez Lovelle ◽  
Catherine Sipp ◽  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Berry Composition

<p style="text-align: justify;">Among other elements of the natural environment, soil greatly influences vine behaviour and berry composition. Its influence is complex, because soil affects vine water and mineral uptake, as well as temperature in the root zone. In this research, investigations were undertaken to assess whether vine development and grape quality potentiel could be linked to specific soil types. 15 dry farmed plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir were studied in 2000 on five soil types of the Southern Côtes du Rhône (France). No clear relationship could be established between soil type, vine growth, yield and berry composition. However, vine water and nitrogen status were related to soil depth. On shallow soils, vine water and nitrogen status were low, which resulted in early shoot growth cessation and moderate yield, as well as high berry sugar and anthocyanin content. Severe water stress is known for affecting negatively berry ripening. Nevertheless, although this study was carried out under dry, Mediterranean conditions, the grapes with the highest potential for making quality red wines were obtained on the soils with the lowest water holding capacity.</p>

Direct and indirect effects of three virus infections on yield and berry composition in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘Tempranillo’

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Martínez ◽  
Carlos Miranda ◽  
José Bernardo Royo ◽  
Jorge Urrestarazu ◽  
Fernando Martínez de Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Berry Composition
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